Lesson 7 Printouts

Lesson Seven, Culture

Ethnic Food and Beverages

The region features several major culinary influences, including Mediterranean, Near Eastern, and Central European. Some culinary

lambs and piglets on a spit, ting animal brains, testiclesetc.) may strike American

visitor as unusual. However,

and-large are tasty and congruent with American nutritional habits. Most mmon beverages include wine, as well as brendy prepared from both plums and grapes. Here are

the most common ethnic foods and beverages:

habits (such as roasting young

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ethnic food and beverages by-

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Appetizers

Most common apetizers are cheeses, salami, hams, and pickled vegetables. These apetizers are often used as snack when drinking acoholic beverages. Appetizer is predjelo 'lit. before-the-meal' in Serbo-Croatian. Best know cheeses come from the regions of the island of Pag in Croatia, city Sjenica in

Montenegro, and city of Travnik with its mountain Vlašić in Bosnia. They are called paški sir, sjenički sir, travnički/vlašićki sir. Another regional common dairy product is kajmak, a rich and salty dairy

cream. Most beloved variety is užički kajmak produced in the vicinity of Užice, Serbia. Best known meat delicatessen are smoked ham, called pršut or pršuta, with njeguška pršuta from the Njeguši region in Montenegro being the most respected variety, as well as different kinds of hard salami, sudžuk or sudžuka form Bosnia, and sremska kobasica from Serbia. Best known pickled vegetables are sauerkraut (called kiseli kupus), pickled peppers, called kisele paprike, often stuffed with sauerkraut, and pickles, called kiseli krastavci in addition, there is a vegetable spread prepared from peppers and eggplants

called ajvar. Some main course items, such as pita (see below) can also be used as appetizers

Soups

There are three words for soup juha in Croatian, supa, elsewhere in the gion, and čorba, thick soup (word used outside of Croatia). Three bes

known kinds of soup are begova čorba (lit. bey's soup) from Bosnia, rich vegetables and small chunks of meat and somewhat unusual istarskaupa (lit. Istrian soup, after the region Istria) from Croatia, preparedwith wine and olive oil, and riblja čorba (lit. fish soup) - fish stew,

epared in particular in the areas along the Danube river in Serbia anCroatia.

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Main Courses

Serbo-Croatian word is glavno jelo. Most common "fast food" main course items are as follows. First, pita, also known as burek, phyllo

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dough stuffed with either meat, spinach, potatoes, or chese. While the word burek is used in Bosnia for only meat variety of this stuffed dough, the word designates the dough with any kind of stuffing

elsewhere. Pita is serverd in the parlors called burekdžinica. Second ćevapčići, small grilled meat sausages, served with Near-Eastern style bread and onions. These and other grill products are served

at the parlors called ćevabdžinica.

Other ethnic food products widely spread across the region are cabage or vine leafs stuffed with meat and rice, called sarma and bell peppers stuffed with the same mass called punjene paprike. Spit-roasted lamb jagnjetina or janjetina and young pork prasetina are popular all across the region. In the

Mediteranean, a variety of seafood is available. The most esquisite seafood comprises dentex, cuttlefish, squid, and shrimp. A popular seafood dish is brodet, a stew composed of several varieties of fish. It is worth noting that bread is an obligatory component of any main course even if the side dish are potatoes, polenta, or rice. Also, one should know that salads are eaten simultaneously with

the main course rather than ahead of it.

Deserts

The aforementioned pita also comes as a desert filled with apples or cheries. Most other deserts have Near Eastern origins and are ubiquitous in Bosnia. They include rahat-lokum also called ratluk, i.e.,

Turkish delight, apples stuffed with walnuts and cooked in sweet water called tufahije, and baklave i.e., baklawa. There is also traditional preserve, served with water as the first item to any visitors in

Serbia, called slatko, boiled wheat with walnuts and honey served on Serbian family patron's day. Finally, northwestern Croatia is known for its strudel called štrukli.

Beverages

Beverages, i.e., pića can be alkoholna 'alcoholic' or bezalkoholna 'soft'. Beverages of choice are wine and brandies. Other alcoholic beverages do not

have tradition in the region and should be avoided. This is particularly true about beer, which is characterized by very low quality despite all claims made by the locals. Two

common varieties of brandy are plum brandy, called šljivovica in the center and the north of the

region, and grappa, i.e., grape brandy, called lozovača in the south. Both brandies come in

different strengths from 40 to 140 proof. Most respected varieties are distilled in monasteries. The generic name of manastirka refers to such brandy.

Although there are wine regions in the north, especially around Kutjevo in Croatia, and Vršac in Serbia, best known vinyards are in the south along the coast of the Adriatic sea. Most distinguished

sorts are called Babić, Malvazija, Plavac, Pošip, Postup, and Žilavka. It is interesting to point out that Californian Zinfandel originates from Croatian Plavac Kaštelanski

Major Tourist Points of Interest

Although major urban centers, mentioned earlier in this course

offer important sightseeing points, it is the regions in the

province that offer most

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interesting natural and historic sights. In Northern Croatia, one can find medieval castles, such as Trakošćan, and numerous hot thermal spas. The Adriatic coast of Croatia and Montenegro offers numerous examples of Ancient Roman, Medieval, and Renaissance architecture (primarily in the

cities of Pula, Zadar, Šibenik, Split, and Dubrovnik in Croatia, as well as Kotor, Buva, and Bar in Montenegro). The region is furthermore characterized by marvels of natural beauty, such as the

archipelago of Kornati near Zadar, Plitvice lakes in the hiterland to the North of the port of Šibenik, both in Croatia, and the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. Finally, the region is abundant in marvelous

stone beaches. Serbia is known for the sites of neolitic culture, such as Vinča, Ancient Roman sites (e.g., Gamzigrad and Mediana), and most importantly for numerous medieval monostaries, such as

Žiča and Studenica. Natural beauties in Serbia and continental Montenegro include the Đerdap gorge on the Danube, the canyon of Tara. Serbia is also known for its health spas, such as Vrnjačka banja. Bosnia and Herzegovina are best known for perils of Islamic architecture, with numerous mosques, clock-towers, and hamams in many towns, some of which, such as Počitelj, have preserved the entire

city structure from the times of the Turkish rule (15-19 century). Best known natural marvel is Perućica, the only preserved European jungle. Mountains around Sarajevo, Bjelašnica and Jahorina,

offer excellent skiing terrains.

Popular Music

Popular music in the region falls under the following broad categories:

• Traditional rural and urban - listen to by mostly older audiences in both rural and urban areas. Best known varieties include Serbian starogradske pesme, Bosnian Muslim sevdalinke, Northern Croatian popevke and Southern Croatian dalmatinske pisme. This kind of music is usually called izvorna narodna muzika/glazba. Most notable preformers are

Predrag Gojković Cune, Zvonko Bogdan, and Dušan Dančuo (starogradske pesme), Safet Isović and Himzo Polovina (sevdalinke), Ladarice (popevke), Klapa "Omiš" and Klapa "Trogir" (dalmatinske

pisme). These varieties are somewhat of a functional equivalent of blues or folk in the United States.

• Contemporary folk - This variety of music, called novokomponovana narodna muzika or narodnjaci is less spread in Croatia. There, the kind of music which serves the same social

functions is the Dalmatinian (southern Croatian) version of pop music. Both narodnjaci and dalmatinski pop are roughly an equivalent of coutnry western music, listened to by less

educated rural populations. Examples of such music can be found in performers like Miroslav Ilić, Sinan Sakić, Halid Muslimović (narodnjaci), Mišo Kovač and Milo Hrnić (dalmatinski pop).

• Pop - This kind of music, called zabavna muzika/glazba, is popular in both rural and urban areas. It features two varieties - older scores performed mostly by individual singers and

newer songs played mostly by pop bands. Performers like Oliver Dragojević, Zdravko Čolić, and Leo Martin represent the first variety, while bands like Plavi orkerstar and Crvena Jabuka offer

examples of the second kind of music. • Rock and alternative - This musical genre is popular mostly in urban areas. The most

popular older rock bands include Bijelo dugme and Indeksi. There are also numerous newer rock groups such as Haustor or Električni orgazam. Bands like Disciplina kičme and No Smoking

Band offer excellent examples of the alternative rock music.

The Web page http://www.nostalgija.com offers mp3 samples of the aforementioned performers. Just follow the link Muzika and note that performers are sorted by their names not by their

surnames. Thus, when looking for Mišo Kovač, one should go to M rather than K section of the archive.

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Lesson Seven, The Instrumental

When to Use It

Prototypical meanings

Non-prepositional Instrumental

The non-prepositional instrumental is prototypically a very broadly understood instrument as in:

kopati lopatom ‘dig with a showel’

pisati rukom ‘write with a hand’

Prepositional Instrumental

Prototypical meaning of the prepositional instrumental is accompanying person, element, or feature. In this meaning it is used with the preposition s(a) ‘with’, for example:

person putovati sa prijateljem travel with a friend element soba sa doručkom bed with breakfast feature kuća sa balkonom house with a balcony

Atypical meanings

Non-prepositional instrumental

The non-prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical functions:

Meaning Example Translation Form space covered Ići šumom ‘walk through a forest’ šumom ‘forest, Ins.Sg.’ ergative obliven kišom ‘wet from rain’ kišom ‘rain, Ins.Sg.’ ablative smrdjeti nečovještvom ‘stink as inhumanity’ nečovještvom

‘inhumanity, Ins.Sg.’ objective učiniti zapovjednikom ‘make a commander’ zapovjednikom

‘commander, Ins.Sg.’ comparative nadvisiti znanjem ‘overpower with

knowledge’ znanjem ‘knowledge, Ins.Sg.’

temporal raditi nedjeljom ‘work on Sunday’ nedeljom ‘Sunday, Ins.Sg.’

Prepositional Instrumental

The prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical meanings:

Meaning Preposition Example Translation circumstance s(a) ‘with’ s naporom with effort time s(a) ‘with’ s vremenom with time element in relation to za ‘behind’, među ‘between’,

nad ‘above’, pod ‘below’, pred ‘in front’

nad kućom above the house

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How to modify nouns, adjectives, and pronouns

Nouns

Case Singular Plural Maculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative 0 profesor

a studentkinja

o/e selo/polje

i prozori, profesori

e studentkinje

a sela, polja

Instrumental -om/-em profesorom/prijateljem

om studentkinjom

-om/-emselom, poljem

ima profesorima

ama studentkinjama

ima selima, poljima

One should note that the forms of the Instrumental in plural are identical to those of Dative/Locative. Also, soft masculine and neuter stems (but not feminine stems) assume the ending

-em while hard stems assume the ending -om.

Feminine nouns ending in a consonant have either i or u which palatalizes the stem in the singular, and ima in plural, e.g., kosti or košću in singular and kostima in plural. The u form in the singular is

more common in the Serbian variant.

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Nominal case endings which need to be remembered thus far are as follows:

Case Singular Plural

Masculine-Inanimate

Maculine-animate Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative 0 prozor

0 profesor

a studentkinja

o/e selo/polje

i prozori, profesori

e studentkinje

a sela, polja

Gentive a prozora, profesora

e studentkinje

a sela, polja

a prozora, profesora

e studentkinja

a sela, polja

Dative/Locative u prozoru, profesoru

i studentkinji

u selu, polju

ima prozorima, profesorima

ama studentkinjama

ima selima, poljima

Accusative 0 prozor

a profesora

u studentkinju

o/e selo, polje

e prozore, profesore

e studentkinje

a sela, polja

Vocative e/u

prozore, malju, profesore, kralju

o studentkinjo

o/e selo/polje

i prozori, profesori

e studentkinje

a sela, polja

Instrumental om/em

prozorom, maljem, profesorom, kraljem

om studentkinjom

om/em selimom/poljem

ima prozorima,

profesoriima

ama studentkinjama

a selima, poljima

The following adjectival and nominal forms are covered in this course hitherto:

Adjectival and nominal forms covered thus far are as follows:

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Case Singular Plural

Masculine-Inanimate Maculine-animate Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative 0/i, 0 + 0

visok, visoki, moj prozor

0/i, 0 + 0 visok, visoki, moj

profesor

a + a visoka, moja studentkinja

o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje

selo, polje

i + i visoki, moji

prozori, profesori

e + e visoke, moje studentkinje

a + a visoka, moja sela,

polja

Genitive

og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a),

vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) prozora

og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a), vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) profesora

e + e visoke, moje studentkinje

og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a), vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) sela, polja

ih + a visokih, mojih

prozora, profesora

ih + a visokih, mojih studentkinja

ih + a visokih, mojih

sela, polja

Dative/Locative

om(e/u)/em(e/u) + u

visokom(e/u), vrućem(e/u),

mojem(e/u) prozoru

Om(e/u)/em(e/u) + u

visokom(e/u), vrućem(e/u), mojem(e/u) profesoru

oj + i visokoj, mojoj studentkinji

om(e/u)/em(e/u) + u

visokom(e/u), vrućem(e/u), mojem(e/u) selu/polju

im + ima visokim, mojim

profesorima

im + ama visokim, mojim + studenkinjama

im + ima visokim, mojim poljima/selima

Accusative 0/i, 0 + 0

visok, visoki, moj prozor

Og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a), vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) profesora

u + u visoku, moju studentkinju

o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje

selo, polje

e + e visoke, moje

prozore, profesore

e + e visoke, moje studentkinje

a + a visoka, moja sela,

polja

Vocative 0/i, 0 + e/u

visok, visoki, moj prozore, malju

0/i, 0 + e/u visok, visoki, moj profesore, kralju

a + o visoka, moja studentkinjo

o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje

selo, polje

i + i visoki, moji

prozori, profesori

e + e visoke, moje studentkinje

a + a visoka, moja sela,

polja

Instrumental

im + om/em visokim, vrućim, mojim prozorom,

maljem

im + om/em visokim, vrućim,

mojim profesorom, kraljem

om + om visokom, mojom

studentkinjom

im + om/em visokim, vrućim,

mojim selom/poljem

im + ima visokim, mojim

profesorima

im + ama visokim, mojim + studenkinjama

im + ima visokim, mojim poljima/selima

Lesson Seven, Adverbs

Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories:

a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.) b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.),

c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.), d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.),

e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.) f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.),

Just like adjectives, adverbs can be scaleable or non-scaleable. Scalable adjectives engage in the comparison paradigm. Their form in writting is equal to the neuter Nominative Singular of the

adjectival form in all three comparison forms, i.e., the absolute, comparative, and superlative, for example:

Absolute Absolute Comparative Superlative masculine neuter neuter neuter Adjective: brz ‘quick’ brzo brže najbrže Adverb: brzo ‘quickly’ brže najbrže Absolute Comparative Superlative

as in:

brzo rešenje ‘quick solution’ Adj Nom.Sg.neut, abs.-Noun rešiti brzo ‘solve quickly’ Verb-Adv, abs brže rešenje ‘quicker solution’ Adj Nom.Sg.neut, comp.-Noun rešiti brže ‘solve quicklier’ Verb-Adv, comp

The exception from this rule is are adjectives ending in –ki and -ji the absolute of which is equal to the masculine nominative form of the adjective in the absolute:

Absolute Absolute Comparative Superlative Masculine neuter neuter neuter Adjective: mrtvački ‘bloodles’ mrtvačko mrtvačkije najmrtvačkije Adverb: mrtvački ‘bloodlesly’ mrtvačkije najmrtvačkije Absolute Comparative Superlative

All rules of comparison are thus already discussed in the section devoted to the adjectives.

According to their origin, one can differentiate the original, derived and compound adverb, a follows.

original adverbs sada ‘now’ derived Nominal noću ‘at night’ – noć ‘night’ adjectival brzo ‘quickly’ – brz ‘quick’ pronominal naški ‘in our way’ – naš ‘our’ Numeral dvaput ‘twice’ – dva ‘two’ Verbal ćutke ‘silently’ – ćutati ‘keep

quiet’

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adverbial natrag ‘backwards’ – natraške ‘in a backward manner’

compound prepositional-nominal uveče ‘in the evening’ – u ‘in’ & veče ‘evening’

prepositional-adverbial dosad ‘until now’ – do ‘until’ & sad ‘now

prepositional-pronominal potom ‘thereafter’ – po ‘after’ & to ‘that’

prepositional-prepositional tamo-vamo ‘here and there’

Lesson Seven, The Future Tense

When to Use It

There are two future tenses in Serbo-Croatian -- the Future Tense and the Relative Future. They respective meanings will be discussed in turn.

The prototypical meaning of the Future Tense is a non-relative future event, for example:

Example Translation Form On će raditi na univerzitetu. ‘He will work at the university’ će raditi, ‘will work’ 3rd p.Sg.

imperfective On će uraditi zadaću. ‘He will do his homewor’ će uraditi ‘will do’, 3rd p.Sg.

perfective

Atypical meanings

The Future Tense is found in the following atypical meanings:

Meaning Example Translation Relative event Razgovarali su pre nego što će

Turci udariti ‘They had talked before the Turks have hit (lit. will hit) them’

Qualificative On će svakoga poslušati ‘He listens (lit. will listen) to everybody’

Order Kupićeš pola hljeba ‘Go and buy (lit. You will buy) half a bread’

Hypothetical event Ako ćeš pravo, ... ‘If you want the truth...’ Uncertainty To će biti Marko ‘That is (lit. will

be) Marko, right’

Gnomic truth Dok je leđa, biće samara ‘As long as there are backs, there will be saddles’

Relative Future

Prototypical meanings

Relative Future is found in the following two prototypical meanings:

Meaning Example Translation Future precedent or concurrent event

Kad dođem, otići ćemo u kino ‘When I get, we will go to the movies’

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Real hypothetical event Ako budeš učio, položićeš ‘If you learn, you will pass the exam’

Atypical meanings

Atypical meaning of relative future is relative past, for example:

Da ne budeš zaboravio ‘Didn’t you forget’

Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories:

a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.) b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.),

c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.), d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.),

e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.) f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.),

How to Form It

The Future Tense

The Future Tense has one compound and one simple form. The simple form is spelled in Croatian and Bosnian Muslim standard in a different manner than in Serbian. It is pronounced equally in all

three standards.

Compound form:

Auxilliary Main verb Singular Plural

first ću ćemo second ćeš ćete + Infinitive third će će

In Serbian standard da + Present Tense is used instead of the Infinitive. Both number and person of the auxiliary and the main verb have to be coordinated in that case.

Simple form

Simple form is generated using the infinitive form of the paradigm marker

Pronounciation Serbian Spelling Cro&BosM Spelling Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

first {a,e,i,u,0}-ću {a,e,i,u,0}-ćemo

{a,e,i,u,0}-ću {a,e,i,u,0}-ćemo

{a,e,i,u,0}-t ću

{a,e,i,u,0}-t ćemo

second {a,e,i,u,0}-ćeš {a,e,i,u,0}-ćete

{a,e,i,u,0}-ćeš

{a,e,i,u,0}-ćete

{a,e,i,u,0}-t ćeš

{a,e,i,u,0}-t ćete

third {a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}-t će

{a,e,i,u,0}-t će

Only compound form has truth values. They are generated by modifying the auxilliary as follows:

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Negative Interrogative 1 Interrogative 2 Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural first neću nećemo First da li ću ćemo first hoću li hoćemo li second nećeš Nećete second da li ćeš ćete second hoćeš li hoćete li third neće Neće Third da li će će third hoće li hoće li Interrogative-Negative Singular Plural first neću li nećemo li second nećeš li Nećete li third neće li neće li

The Relative Future

The Relative engages in the paradgims of person, number, and gender. It is a compound tense consisting of the auxilliary verb with person and number marked and the main verb with number

and gender marked. The number of the auxiliary and the number of the main verb have to be coordinated. If the former is in the singular, the latter has to be in the singular as well. Same is true

for the plural. Relative future has 18 different forms.

Singular Plural Singular Plural first budem budemo masculine {a,e,i,u,0}-o1 2 {a,e,i,u,0}-li second budeš budete + feminine {a,e,i,u,0}-la {a,e,i,u,0}-le third bude budu neuter {a,e,i,u,0}-lo {a,e,i,u,0}-la

1 [cons]o vs. [cons]ao

2 eo vs. io in ijekavian

The negative truth value is formed by modifying the auxilliary in the manner full verbs are modified in simple tenses (e.g., the Present Tense), i.e., by adding the particle ne. There is one interrogative

and the interrogative form but they have the conditional meaning

Form affirmative negative conditional negative conditional Derivation [affirmative] ne [affirmative] [affirmative] li ne [affirmative] li Example budem radio ne budem radio budem li radio? ne budem li radio? Translation ‘I will work.’ ‘I will not work’ ‘if I work’ ‘if I not work’

Lesson Seven, Communicative Skills

The communicative skills for this lesson includes the following:

• Promissing, giving assurances: Uradit ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit ću/Uradiću što/šta mogu. 'I will do

what I can'; Pokušat ću/Pokušaću. 'I will try'; Nema problema. 'No problem'; • Proposing, accepting and declining :

Inviting: Hoćeš li/Hoćete li [noun phrase, accusative]Hoćeš li u pozorište. 'Do you want to go to theater'; Hajdemo [noun phrase, accusative] Idemo na košarkašku utakmicu. 'Let us go

to the basketball game';

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Inviting: Da, svakako. 'Yes, of course' Inviting: Nažalost, ne mogu. 'Unfortunately, I cannot'

• Indicating mood :

[subject][verb][adverb][adverb] On vozi veoma brzo. 'He drives very fast'; Tu je [adverb][adverb]. Tu je veoma prijatno. 'It is very pleasant here';

Lesson Seven, Vocabulary

The vocabulary for this lesson includes the following:

• Sightseeing and travel: obići 'visit', spomenik 'monument', brod 'ship', avion 'airplane', automobil 'automobile',

voz/vlak 'train', iznajmiti 'rent' e.g., a car • Restaurants, bars, etc.:

naručiti 'order', piće 'drink', platiti 'pay', konobar 'waiter', vino 'wine', pivo 'beer', rakija 'brandy', sok 'juice', kafa/kahva/kava 'coffee', led 'ice', popiti 'drink',

• Cuisine: kuhati/kuvati 'cook', jelo 'meal'supa/juha 'soup', salata 'salad', šnicla 'steak', so/sol 'salt',

biber/papar 'pepper' the condiment, not vegetable, ulje 'oil', sastojci 'ingredients',

Lesson Seven, Norms

Spelling of the Future Tense

There are two ways of spelling the auxilliary verb in the future tense. First, it can preceed the main verb in which case it is always spelled separatey, for example:

Ja ću raditi 'I will work'

It can also be spelled after the main verb, in which case the following rules apply:

• Verbs ending in ći are always spelled separately from the auxilliary, e.g.,

Doći ću. 'I will come.'

• Verbs ending in ti are spelled in the following manner

Croatian&Bosnian Muslim Serbian delete i, spell separately, e.g.radit ću 'I will work.'

delete ti, spell together, e.g., radiću

Lesson Seven, Text One

[Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Putovanje po bivšoj Jugoslaviji

Robert je Amerikanac na studijskom boravku u Hrvatskoj.

Zanima ga cijelo područje bivše Jugoslavije, pa je sastavio ovakav plan putovanja za ovo ljeto.

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Prvo ću vlakom otići od Zagreba do Rijeke, iz Rijeke ću kolima otići do Pule da vidim Arenu, spomenik iz rimskog doba.

Kad se vratim u Rijeku, iznajmit ću automobil i njime se odvesti do Splita da vidim Dioklecijanovu palaču. Tamo ću se sresti s Lukom, s kojim ću dalje ići putom uz more do Dubrovnika, gdje ćemo

vidjeti stari grad.

Iz Dubrovnika ćemo brodom otići u Kotor, a odande autobusom u Bosnu i tamo obići gradove Mostar i Sarajevo.

Luka će se tada vratiti u Split, a ja ću u Sarajevu ponovo iznajmiti automobil ovaj put sa otvorenim krovom i odvesti se u jugozapadnu Srbiju da vidim manastire.

Odande ću otputovati u Beograd.

Iz Beograda ću se avionom vratiti u Zagreb.

Notes

1. The verb zanimati 'interest' is used as follows. Putovanje zanima Roberta. literally 'Travel interests Robert.' actually 'Robert is interested in travelling.'

Lesson Seven, Text Two

Sok s ledom

Jelena i Milan ulaze u kafić i razgovaraju.

Jelena: Šta ćeš ti da popiješ?

Milan: Ne znam - nešto hladno.

Jelena: Ja ću uzeti sok s ledom.

Milan: Ja još ne znam. Pitaću konobara kad dođe.

Konobar: Izvolite, šta ćete da popijete?

Jelena: Molim Vas sok od jabuke s ledom.

Konobar: Odmah ću doneti. A šta ćete Vi gospodine?

Milan: Imate li neku dobru rakiju?

Konobar: Imamo domaću rakiju?

Milan: E, ja ću onda to i još mineralnu vodu sa limunom i ledom.

Konobar im donosi piće.

Konobar: Evo, izvolite.

Milan i Jelena: Hvala!

13

Kad su popili, Milan diže ruku i govori konobaru: Da platimo!

Konobar: Sok, rakija, mineralna voda sa limunom - sve skupa sto dinara.

Milan: Evo izvolite - sto dvadeset dinara. Kusur ne treba.

Konobar: Hvala mnogo i dođite opet.

Notes

1. Izvolite is the phrase most commonly used to address a patron and a client. It is used by shop clerks and waiters alike

2. Da platim, literally: 'So that I pay' or Da platimo literally 'so that we pay' are the equivalent of the English 'The check, please'

3. Kusur ne treba literally 'Change is not needed' is the equivalent of the English 'Keep the change'. Tip is called napojnica or, colloquially bakšiš

Lesson Seven, Text Three

Nedjeljni ručak

Sadik će ove sedmice na nedjeljni ručak ići u restoran sa svojim roditeljima i bratom.

Do roditelja će ići tramvajem broj dva, a njegov brat, s kojim se sreće tamo, ići će autobusom broj dvanaest.

Onda će svi skupa sjesti u kola i odvesti se u restoran Plava voda.

Za piće će uzeti sokove, vino i pivo, za predjelo sir i salatu.

Onda će naručiti supu a nakon toga glavno jelo: šnicle sa krompirom ili rižom kao prilogom i salatom. Za desert će uzeti kolače i kahvu.

Na kraju će Sadikov otac Hamo svakog odvesti svojoj kući.

Notes

1. Note that salad is customary eaten alongside with the meal rather than precedent to it as in the United States

Lesson Seven, Text Four

[Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Recept

Sarma ( glavno jelo)

Sastojci

za četiri osobe

20 dg govedine

20 dg svinjetina

14

15

50 dg kiselog kupusa

10 dg slanine hamburgera

20 dg suhih svinjskih rebara

5 dg riže

malo peršina

1 suha domaća kobasica

žlica mljevene crvene paprike

žlica brašna

1/2 dl ulja

žlica koncentrata rajčice

sol i papar

Priprava

Meso samljeti, dodati sitno narezanu slaninu, posoliti i popapriti, dodati sjeckani peršin, rižu poprženu na malo ulja, i crvenu papriku te sve dobro izmiješati.

Listove kiselog kupusa oprati i nadjenuti mesnom smjesom te saviti i dobro učvrstiti krajeve.

Dno posude obložiti preostalim listovima kupusa i na njih posložiti sarme.

Između sarmi posložiti komadiće svinjskih rebara i kolutiće suhe kobasice.

Odozgo posložiti listove kupusa te sve preliti vodom i kuhati oko sat vremena na laganoj vatri.

Na ulju popržiti žlicu brašna, dodati razrijeđeni koncentrat rajčice, prokuhati i preliti preko sarma.

Posudu staviti u zagrijanu pećnicu i peći još sat do dva na temperaturi od 160 stupnjeva celzija ili kuhati na štednjaku na laganoj vatri još dva sata.

Notes

1. kiseli kupus literally 'sour cabage' is 'sauerkraut'. In addition to being offered shreaded, it is also available in leafs, which are then used to prepare the sarma i.e., stuffed sauerkraut leaves.

In addition to sauerkraut, grape leaves, and Swiss chard leaves can be used to prepare this meal.

2. hamburger means 'hamburger' but also, as is the case above, a lean bakon. 3. Measures here, just like in the rest of the world other than the United States, are expressed in

the metric system.