lesson - 5
TRANSCRIPT
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LESSON - 5
Introduction
• Inthislesson,youaregoingtolearnthebasicpatternsofHindi,whichwillenableyoutoinitiateconversation.
• YouwillnoticethatthestructuresofHindisentencesarecompletelydifferentwithEnglish.• WordorderinEnglishisSubject-Verb-Object(S→V→O)whereasinHindiitisSubject-
Object-Verb(S→O→V).• Asyouareaware,Englishlanguagehasprepositionssuchas—in,on,at,frometc.But,
Hindihaspostpositionssuchas—mẽ,par,se,ko,etc.Lookatthefollowingsentences:- dbukisaundṭebel. kita:bmezparhai. (Thebookisonthetable.)• HindiiswritteninDevanagariScript.• HindihastwogendersnamelyMasculineandFeminine.InHindi,genderofthesubject/
objectmay effect the sentence construction because adjective and verb agreewith thegenderofthesubjectandtheobject.
Unit I
Patternofsentencesintroduced
1.आप कौन ह ?a:p Kaun haĩ?Who are you?
म मोहन / छातर / भारतीय ह।maĩ mohan/cha:tra/bha:rtiya hũ:Iam Mohan/Student/Indian
2.आपका नाम कया ह ? a:pka: na:m kya: hai?What is your name?
मरा नाम मोहन ह।mera: na:m mohan hai.My name is Mohan
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3.कया आप भारतीय ह ?Kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ?AreyouanIndian?
जी हा, म भारतीय ह। जी नही, म भारतीय नही ह।jihã:,maĩbha:rtiyahũ: jinahĩ:,maĩbha:rtiyanahĩ:hũ:Yessir,IamanIndian. Nosir,IamnotanIndian.
1.0 Text
अभिवादन और पररचयabhiva:dan aur parichayGreetings & Introduction
अधयापक : नमसत।adhya:pak : namaste.Teacher : Goodmorning.
छातर : नमसत। chha:tra : namasteStudent : Goodmorning.
अधयापक : म अधयापक ह। मरा नाम रवि ह। आपका नाम कया ह ? maĩadhya:pakhũ:.mera:na:mravihai.a:pka:na:mkya:hai?Iamateacher.MynameisRavi.Whatisyourname?
रोहन : मरा नाम रोहन ह।rohan : mera:na:mrohanhai.Rohan : MynameisRohan.
अधयापक : और आपका नाम कया ह ?aura:pka:na:mkya:hai?And,whatisyourname?
माररया : मरा नाम माररया ह।Mariya : mera:na:mma:riya:hai.Mariya : MynameisMaria.
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अधयापक : और आपका ?aura:pka:?Andwhatisyourname?
डविड : मरा नाम डविड ह।devid : mera:na:mdevidhai.David : MynameisDavid.
अधयापक : म भारतीय ह। कया आप भी भारतीय ह ? maĩ:bha:rtiyahũ:.kya:a:pbhi:bha:rtiyahaĩ?IamanIndian.AreyoualsoanIndian?
रोहन : जी हा, म भी भारतीय ह। म तममलनाड का ह।ji:hã:,maĩbhi:bha:rtiyahũ:.maitamilna:du:ka:hũ:Yessir,IamalsoanIndian.IbelongtoTamilNadu.
अधयापक : माररया, कया आप भी भारतीय ह ?ma:riya:,kya:a:pbhi:bha:rtiyahaĩ?Maria,areyoualsoanIndian?
माररया : जी नही, म भारतीय नही ह। म रसी ह।ji:nahĩ:,maĩbha:rtiyanahi:hũ:.maĩ:ru:si:hũ:Nosir,IamnotanIndian.IamRussian.
अधयापक : डविड, कया आप भी रसी ह ?devid,kya:a:pbhi:ru:si:haĩ?David,areyoualsoRussian?
डविड : जी नही, म रसी नही ह। म जममन ह।ji:nahĩ:,maĩru:si:nahĩ:hũ:,maĩjarmanhũ:.Nosir,IamnotRussian.IamGerman.
अधयापक : म अधयापक ह। रोहन, आप कौन ह?maĩadhya:pakhũ:.rohan,a:pkaunhaĩ:?Iamateacher.Rohan,whoareyou?
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रामन : जी, म छातर ह।ji:,maĩ,chha:trahũ:.Sir,Iamastudent.
अधयापक : डविड, कया आप भी छातर ह ?devid,kya:a:pbhi:chha:trahaĩ?David,Areyoualsoastudent?
डविड : जी हा, म भी छातर ह।ji:hã:,maĩ:bhi:chha:trahũ:.Yessir,Iamalsoastudent.
अधयापक : माररया, आप कौन ह ?ma:riya:,a:pkaunhaĩ?Maria,whoareyou?
माररया : जी, म पतरकार ह।ji:,maĩpatraka:rhũ:.Sir,Iamajournalist.
अधयापक : अचछा, धनयिाद।achchha:,dhanyava:d.Okay,thanks.
छातर / छातरा : धनयिाद।chha:tra/chha:tra: : dhanyava:d.Students : Thanks.
अधयापक : नमसत, फिर ममलग।namaste,phirmilẽngeBye,seeyou.
छातर / छातरा : नमसत, फिर ममलग।namaste,phirmilẽngeBye,seeyou.
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1.1 Vocabulary
नमसत namaste greetings
अधयापक(m.) adhya:pak teacher
छातर(m.) chha:tr student
छातरा(f.) chha:tra: students
म maĩ I
मरा mera: my
नाम(m.) na:m name
आपका a:pka: your
कया kya: what
और aur and
भी bhi: also
भारतीय bhar:tiya indian
जी हा ji:hã: yessir/madam
जी नही ji:nahĩ: nosir/madam
अचछा achccha: well
धनयिाद dhanyava:d thankyou
पतरकार (m.) patraka:r journalist
1.2 Try to comprehend
1. a:pka:na:mkya:hai?2. kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ?3. kya:devidru:si:hai?4. ma:riya:kaunhai?5. adhya:pakka:na:mkya:hai?
1.3 Cultural Notes
(a) namaste: Itisanexpressionofgreeting,whilemeetingordepartureirrespectiveoftimeandpersonaddressedto.
(b) ji:: It is an honorific suffix used after nouns, kinships terms such as pita:ji:
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(father)andprofessionssuchasma:sṭarji:(teacher)toexpressrespect.Itcanalsobeprefixedwithaffirmativeandnegativeresponses,suchasji:hã:andji:nahĩ:
1.4 Similar Expressions:
dhanyava:d–shukriya:
1.5 Grammar and Structure
1.5.1. Word order in a sentence
• ThewordorderofHindisentenceis:
S(subject) + O(object) + V(verb)
ram kha:na: kha:ta:hai.
Rameatsfood.
1.5.2. Pronouns :
Pronoun Possessivepronounmaĩ(Istperson)I mera:(my)a:p(IIndpersonHonorificplural)You a:pka:(your)
Seethesentencescarefully:
(i) maĩvaki:lhũ: mera:na:mjayanthai. Iamanadvocate MynameisJayant.
(ii) a:pinji:niyarhaĩ a:pkana:mmanoharhai. Youareanengineer YournameisManohar.
1.5.3 Possessive Pronouns
• PossessivepronounsinHindiagreewithnumberandgenderofthequalifyingnoun.
PossessivePronoun
MasculinesingularnounPossessivePronoun
FeminineSingularnoun
mera: beta:(son) meri: beṭi:(daughter)mera: ghar(house) meri: kita:b(book)a:pka: bhai:(brother) a:pki: bahan(sister)a:pka: chha:ta:(umbrella) a:pki: ghaṛi:(watch)
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1.5.4 Identity
• Identityofapersoncanbeexpressedbyaddingsomesuffixesorka:/ke/ki:withtheplacenames,e.g.
ru:s → ru:si:
gujra:t → gujra:ti:
panja:b → panja:bi:
banga:l → banga:li:
lakhnau → lakhnau:ka:/ke/ki:
keral → keralka:/ke/ki:
Seetheexamples:
pareshgujra:tka:hai → pareshgujra:ti:hai
parmindarpanja:bka:hai → parmindarpanja:bi:hai
tarunra:jastha:nka:hai → tarunra:jastha:ni:hai
suja:ta:benga:lki:hai → suja:ta:benga:li:hai
antonaurpi:ṭarru:skehaĩ → antonaurpi:ṭarru:si:haĩ
daya:aurri:magujra:tki:haĩ→ daya:aurri:magujra:ti:haĩ
1.5.5. HonorificPronoun
‘a:p’isHonorificPronounwhichisusedforsingularaswellaspluralbutgrammaticallyitispluralsoitalwaystakespluralformoftheverb,e.g.a:pkaunhaĩ.
Inthissentenceverbहisusedinpluralbecauseofthehonorificnatureofpronoun.
Nowreadthefollowingsentencesandnotethedifference:
Pronoun Proper nouns Auxiliary Verb
maĩ
a:p
dili:p
mohan
ramesh
si:ta:
rama:
hũ:
haĩ
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Professions
maĩa:p
vaki:l(advocate)kala:ka:r(artist)vya:pa:ri:(trader)lekhak(writer)kavi(poet)
kisa:n(farmer)
hũ:haĩ
Nationality
maĩa:p
indianbalga:riyanpa:kista:ni:hangeriyannepa:li:
ausṭreliyan
hũ:haĩ
1.6 Exercise
1. Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket.
(mohan,bha:rtiya,vaki:l,kaun,adhya:pak)
a) si:ta……………………………hai.
b) mera:na:m…………………….hai.
c) a:p……………………………..haĩ?
d) ra:hul…………………………..hai.
e) pita:ji:…………………………..haĩ.
2. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoHindi
a) IamanAmerican.
b) IsyournameKavita?
c) Areyouastudent?
d) SimranisPunjabi.
e) MynameisJagdish.
***
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Unit-II
PatternsofSentencesIntroduced
1.तम कस (m.) हो ? तम कसी (f.) हो ?tumkaiseho? tumkaisi:ho?Howareyou? Howareyou?
2.आप / वपताजी (m.) कस ह ? आप / माताजी (f.) कसी ह ?a:p/pita:ji:kaisehaĩ? a:p/ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?Howare/isyou/father? Howare/isyou/mother?
2.0 Text
आप कस ह ?a:pkaisehaĩ?Howareyou?
Inthisunit,youwilllearn,howwegreeteachother.
मीता : नमसत चाचाजी।mi:ta: : namastecha:cha:ji:Mita: : GoodMorning,Uncle.
चाचाजी : : नमसत मीता, तम कसी हो ?cha:cha:ji: : namastemi:ta:,tumkaisi:ho?Uncle: : Goodmorningmi:ta:.Howareyou?
मीता : म अचछछी ह। आप कस ह चाचाजी ?maĩachchhi:hũ:,a:pkaisehaĩcha:cha:ji:?Iamfine,Howareyouuncle?
चाचाजी : म बिलकल ठछीक ह ।maĩbilkulṭhi:khũ:.Iamalright.
मीता और चाची जी, आप कसी ह ?aurcha:chi:ji:,a:pkaisi:haĩ?Aunty,Howareyou?
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चाचीजी : म भी ठछीक ह।cha:chi:ji: : maĩbhi:ṭhi:khũ:.Aunt: : Iamalsofine.
चाचाजी : : तमहार वपताजी क कया हालचाल ह ?tumha:repita:ji:kekya:ha:lcha:lhaĩ?Andhowisyourfather?
मीता : वपताजी भी अचछ ह।pita:ji:bhi:achcchehaĩ.Fatherisalsofine.
चाचाजी : और तमहारी माताजी ? ि कसी ह ?aurtumha:ri:ma:ta:ji:?vekaisi:haĩ?Andyourmother?Howisshe?
मीता : माताजी ठछीक नही ह। थोडी िीमार ह।ma:ta:jiṭhi:knahĩ:haĩ:.ṭhoṛibi:ma:rhaĩ.Motherisnotwell.Sheisnotfit.
चाचीजी : मोन िटा, तम कस हो ?monu:beṭa:tumkaiseho?Monu,Howareyou?
मोन : ठछीक ह, चाची जी।monu: : ṭhi:khũ:cha:chi:ji:Monu : Iamwell,Aunty.
चाचाजी : और सि लोग ठछीक ह ?cha:cha:ji: : aur:sablogṭhikhaĩ?
: Andwhataboutothers?Iseveryonefine?
मोन : जी चाचाजी, सि लोग ठछीक ह। अचछा, परणाम चाचाजी, परणाम चाचीजी।
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ji: cha:cha:ji , sab log ṭhi:k haĩ . achcha: praṇa:m cha:cha:ji:,praṇa:mcha:chi:ji:.Yesuncle,allarefine.Okay.Goodbyeuncle,byeaunty.
चाचाजी : परणाम, खश रहो।praṇa:m,khushrahoGoodbye,Godblessyou.
2.1 Vocabulary
चाचाजी cha:cha:ji: Uncle
बिलकल bilkul absolutely
िीमार bi:ma:r sick
कसा kaisa: How
चाचीजी cha:chi:ji: Aunty
ठछीक ṭhi:k Fine
हालचाल(m.) ha:lcha:l Whatabout
थोडा ṭhoṛa: Alittle
परणाम praṇa:m Salutation
2.3 Try to comprehend
1. mi:ta:kaisi:hai?
2. mi:ta:ki:ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?
3. monu:kaisa:hai?
4. sablogkaisehaĩ?
2.4 Phrases
sabkaisehaĩ? Howiseveryone?sabṭhi:khai. Everyoneisfine.kya:ha:lcha:lhaĩ? Howarethethings?khushraho Behappy.(Wordsofblessingstoyoungstersinafamily)
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2.5 Similar expressions
namaste namaska:rkhushraho ji:terahoachchha: ṭhi:k/ṭhi:k-ṭha:k
2.6 Cultural Notes:
(i) praṇa:m–itisasalutationforelders.
(ii) ThereareseveralrelationsinHindiequivalenttouncleandaunt,suchas–
cha:cha:-cha:chi: -father’syoungerbrotherandhiswife
ta:u-ta:i: -father’selderbrotherandhiswife
ma:ma:-ma:mi: -mother’sbrotherandhiswife
2.7 Grammatical Notes
2.7.1 Use of ‘kaisa:’
‘Kaisa:’isanInterrogativemarkerandisinflectedwiththegenderandnumberofthenounfollowed.
Mas.Sing. Ò kaisa:
Mas.Plural Ò kaise
Fem.Sing./Plu. Ò kaisi:
Seetheexamples.
ra:mkaisa:hai? HowisRam?
pita:ji:kaisehaĩ? HowisFather?
gi:ta:kaisi:hai? HowisGeeta?
ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ? Howismother?
• Only‘a:’endingadjectiveswillchangeona:/e:/i:patternaccordingtothegenderandnumberofthenounfollowed.Restoftheabjectiveswillremainunchanged.
‘a:’endingadjectives
Mas.Sing Mas.Plu. Fem.Sing. Fem.Plu.ka:la:(black) ka:le ka:li: ka:li:chhoṭa:(small) chhoṭe chhoṭi: chhoṭi:baṛa:(big) baṛe: baṛi: baṛi:
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adjectivesotherthan‘a:’ending
Mas. Sing Mas. Plu. Fem. Sing. Fem. Plu.
sundar (beautiful) sundar sundar sundar
sa:f (clean) sa:f sa:f sa:f
la:l (red) la:l la:l la:l
2.7.2. ‘ji’asanhonorificparticlecanbeaddedtosurnamesandsomecommonnouns,e.g.
Surnames Commonnounsmishra:ji: neta:ji:saksena:ji: panditji:sharma:ji: guruji:gupta:ji adhya:pakji:
2.8. Exercise
1) Framesentencesbythegivenwords
i) pita:ji:Kaisehaĩ? pita:ji:achchhehaĩ. cha:cha:ji:/ma:ma:ji:/mohanji:ii) ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ? ma:ta:ji:achchhi:haĩ. cha:chi:ji:/na:ni:ji:/mausi:ji:
iii) mohankaisa:hai? mohanachchhahai.dharmendra / kishor / ra:jesh /amit
iv) ri:ta:kaisi:hai? ri:ta:achchhi:hai. gi:ta:/si:ta:/suman/nami:ta:
2) Makesentencesusingappropriateverbsfromcolumn‘B’
A Ba:p
adhya:pakji:
vini:ta:
ma:ma:ji:
ra:hul
tum
kaisa:hai?
kaisehaĩ?
kaisi:ho?
kaisi:hai?
kaisi:haĩ?
kaisi:haĩ?
3) Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket
(bi:ma:r,achchhi:,ṭhi:k,achchha:,kaise)
i) maĩ:----------------hũ:.
ii) vah---------------hai.
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iii) mohanbilkul---------------------hai.
iv) a:p----------------haĩ?
v) ri:ta:ji:-------------haĩ.
4) GiveHindiequivalentsofthefollowingsentences
i) Howdoyoudo?
ii) Areyoufine?
iii) Isshealright?
iv) Iamhappy.
v) Weshallmeetagain.
vi) LavanyabelongstoRussia.
***
Unit III
Patternsofsentencesintroduced
1 यह कौन ह ? 2 य कौन ह ?yahkaunhai? yekaunhaĩ?Whoishe/she? Whoarethey?
3 िह कौन ह ? 4 ि कौन ह ?vahkaunhai? vekaunhaĩ?Whoishe/she? Whoarethey?
5 तम कौन हो ?tumkaunho?whoareyou?
3.0 Textयह कया ह ?yahkya:hai?Whatisthis?
अधयापक : : यह कया ह ?adhya:pak : yahkya:hai?Teacher: : Whatisthis?
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रोहन : यह फकताि ह।rohan : yahkita:bhai.Rohan : Thisisabook.
अधयापक : िह कया ह ?vahkya:hai?Whatisthat?
रोहन : िह पड ह।vahpeṛhai.Thatistree.
अधयापक : यह कौन ह ?yahkaunhai?Whoisthisperson?
रोहन : यह राकश ह, यह मरा भाई ह।yahra:keshhai.yahmera:bha:i:hai.ThisisRakesh.Heismybrother.
अधयापक : िह कौन ह ?vahkaunhai?Whoisthatperson?
रोहन : िह गीता ह। िह मरी िहन ह।vahgi:ta:hai.vahmeri:bahanhai.ThatisGita.Sheismysister.
अधयापक : और य कौन ह ?auryekaunhaĩ?Andwhoarethese(persons)?
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रोहन : य हमार परधानाचायम जी ह ।yehama:repradha:na:cha:ryaji:haĩ.Heisourprincipal.
अधयापक : और ि कौन ह ?aurvekaunhaĩ?Andwhoarethose(persons)?
रोहन : ि राम और शयाम ह। ि हमार दोसत ह।vera:maurshya:mhaĩ.vehama:redosthaĩ.ThoseareRamandShyam.Thoseareourfriends.
अधयापक : तम कौन हो ?tumkaunho?Whoareyou?
विकास : म विकास ह। म पतरकार ह।vika:s : maĩvika:shũ:.maĩpatraka:rhũ:Vikas : IamVikas.Iamajournalist.
3.1 Vocabulary
फकताि (f.) kita:b book
पड (m.) peṛ tree
कौन kaun who
िहन (f.) bahan sister
परधानाचायम (m.) pradha:na:cha:rya principal
दोसत / ममतर (m.) dost/mitra friend
पतरकार (m.) patraka:r journalist
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3.2 Cultural Notes
InHindi,thirdpersonsingularcanbegivenrespectbyusingpluralformofthepronoun.
vekaunhaĩ? ve
sureshji:
mohanji:
gi:ta:ji:haĩ
Nouns of kinship terms such as cha:cha: /ma:ma: / da:da: / da:di: are also treated asgrammaticalplural,becauseoftheirhonorificnature.
3.3 Grammar and Structure
3.3.1 Proper Nouns
rohan रोहन
ra:m राम
shya:m शयाम
vika:s विकास
gagan गगन
suresh सरश
sha:nti शातत
suman समन
kusum कसम
li:la: लीला
shri:devi: शीदिी
lata: लता
3.3.2 IIIrd Person Pronouns
यह / य(yah/ye)andिह / ि(vah/ve)arealsousedasdemonstrativepronouns.
यह / य (yah/ye)referstoproximityofobjectswhereas िह / ि(vah/ve)referstodistance.
यह / िह (yah/vah-this/that)isalsopronouncedasय / िो(ye/vo).
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Seetheexamples:
yahkya:hai?
yah
mezkaupi:pensilchashma:kursi:
hai.
vahkya:haĩ?
vah
pa:ni:aspata:lnadi:sku:lmandirduka:n
hai.
Followingsentencescanbeexpandedinthismanner–
(i) yahkya:hai? → yahkita:bhai? → yahmeri:kita:bhai?(ii) kya:yahgharhai? → Ji:hã:,yahgharhai. → ji:nahĩ:,yahgharnahĩ:hai.
(iii) kya:yaha:pka:gharhai? → ji:hã:,yahmera:ghar
hai. → ji:nahĩ:,yahmera:gharnahĩhai.yaha:pka:gharhai.
3.3.3 Interrogative Pronouns:
• kaun(who)–itisusedforhumanbeings
• kya:-Itisusedforothers.
‘kya:’asanInterrogativePronouncanbeusedintwodifferentways:-
(i) Whenitisusedbeforetheverb,itseeksinformation.
yahkya:hai? yahkita:bhai.
yahta:la:hai.
yahcha:bi:hai.
yaha:mhai.
(ii) Whenitisusedinitially,itrequiresaffirmativeandnegativeresponse.
kya:yahkita:bhai? ji:,hã:,yahkita:bhai.
ji:,nahĩ:yahkita:bnahĩ:hai.
When‘kya:’isusedinitially,theintonationofthesentenceisraised.
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3.3.4 Second Person Pronoun:
• Though‘tum’(IIndpersonpronoun) isusedforsingular, it isgrammaticallypluralandtakesaspecial‘auxiliary’‘होना’(tobe).
‘tum’isinformalandisnormallyusedforyoungsters.
3.3.5. Conjugation of the verb ‘hona’:
• Incopularsentencestheverb‘hona’isconjugatedaccordingtothenumberandpersonofthesubject.Seethechartbelow:-
Singular Plural
IstPersonmaĩ–hũ
I–am
ham–haĩ
We–are
IIndPersontu:–hai
you–are
tum–ho
a:p–haĩ}youare
IIIrdPersonyah/vah/ra:m/si:ta:hai
He/She/it–is
ye/ve/ra:maursi:ta:haĩ.
they-are
Seetheexamples:
maĩra:mhũ: hamra:maursi:ta:haĩtummohanho a:pmohanhaĩvahra:mhaivahsi:tahai
vera:maursitahaĩ
In Hindi, gender is notmarked on pronouns. There is no difference inmasculine andfeminine.eg.
yah-laṛka:(m.)hai. vah-kita:b(f.)hai. yah–laṛki:(f.)hai. vah-sku:l(m.)hai.
3.4 Exercise
(1) Readaloudthefollowingsentences:
yahkyahai?
yahkita:bhai.yahmezhai.yahsku:lhai.yahra:mhai.yahsi:ta:hai.yahmohanhai.
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(2) WritedowntheHindiequivalentsofthefollowingwords.
this -------------------- what --------------------
that -------------------- who --------------------
new -------------------- is --------------------
your -------------------- are --------------------
(3) Makesentenceschoosingwordsfromeachcolumn:
yahvahveye
kita:ba:mmezkalampita:ji
hai
haĩ
3.5. Additional Vocabulary
Colours
लाल la:l red
नीला ni:la blue
पीला pi:la: yellow
सिद safed white
काला ka:la: black
हरा hara: green
गलािी gula:bi: pink
भरा bhu:ra: brown
छोटा chhoṭa: small,younger
गदा ganda: untidy
सदर sundar beautiful
मोटा moṭa: fatty
घोडा (m.) ghoṛa: horse
मज (f.) mez table
फकताि (f.) kita:b book
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वपताजी pita:ji: father
माताजी ma:ta:ji: mother
परधानाचायम (m.) pradha:na:cha:rya principal
चशमा (m.) chashma spectacles
कससी (f.) kursi: chair
पानी (m.) pa:ni water
सकल (m.) sku:l school
नदी (f.) nadi: river
मददर (m.) mandir temple
घर (m.) ghar house
ताला (m.) ta:la: lock
चािी (f.) cha:bi: key
आम (m.) a:m mango
असपताल (m.) aspata:l hospital
दकान (f.) duka:n shop
Let’sCount
1 एक ek
2 दो do
3 तीन ti:n
4 चार cha:r
5 पाच pã:ch
6 छह chhai
7 सात sa:t
8 आठ a:ṭh
9 नौ nau
10 दस das
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Recapitulation
Youhavelearntthefollowingpatternsinthislesson:
1. maĩ mohan
patraka:r
bha:rtiya
hũ:
2 mera:na:m Mohan
gi:ta:
hai.
3. kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ? jihã:,maĩ:bha:rtiyahũ:.
jinahĩ:,maĩ:bha:rtiyanahĩ:hũ:.
4. a:pkaisehaĩ:? maĩ:achchha:hũ:.
5. yah/vahkyahai? yah/vahphu:lhai.
6. ye/vekaunhaĩ? ye/vera:maursi:ta:haĩ.
6. tumkaunho? maĩ:mohanhũ:.
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LESSON - 6
Unit – I
Patterns Introduced
PossessiveFormsofNouns
Pronouns MasculineSingular MasculinePlural FeminineSingular/Plural
म मरा मर मरी maĩ mera: mere meri:
तम तमहारा तमहार तमहारी tum tumha:ra: tumha:re tumha:ri:
िह उसका असक उसकी vah uska: uske uski:
कौन फकसका फकसक फकसकी kaun kiska: kiske kiski:
1.0 Text
मरा पररवारmera: pariva:r
My Family
म शखर ह। यह मरा पररिार ह। मरा पररिार छोटा ह।maĩShekharhũ:.yahmera:pariva:rhai.mera:pariva:rchhoṭa:hai.IamShekhar.Thisismyfamily.Myfamilyissmall.
हम चार लोग ह – म, मरी पतनी, मरी िटी और मरा िटा।hamcha:rloghaĩ-maĩ,meri:patni:,meri:beṭi:aurmera:beṭa:.Wearefourmembers-myself,mywife,mydaughterandmyson.
म िक म मनजर ह। मरी पतनी का नाम वपरया ह।maĩbaĩnkmẽmainejarhũ:.meripatni:ka:na:mpriya:hai.Iammanagerinabank.NameofmywifeisPriya.
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िह अधयावपका ह। मरा िटा छोटा ह और िटी िडी ह।vahadhya:pika:hai.mera:beṭa:chhoṭa:haiaurbeṭi:baṛi:hai.Sheisateacher.Mysonisyoungerandmydaughteriselder.
िटी का नाम शतत ह। उसकी उमर आठ साल ह।beṭi:ka:na:mshrutihai.uski:umraa:ṭhsa:lhai.ThenameofmydaughterisShruti.Sheiseightyearsold.
िटा चार साल का ह। उसका नाम राघि ह। हमारा एक नौकर भी ह।beṭa:cha:rsa:lka:hai.uska:na:mra:ghavhai.hama:ra:eknaukarbhi:hai.SonisfouryearsoldandhisnameisRaghav.Wehaveaservantalso.
1.1 Vocabulary
पररिार (m.) pariva:r family
छोटा chhoṭa: small,younger
लोग log people,members
पतनी (f.) patni: wife
िटी (f.) beṭi: daughter
िटा (m.) beṭa: son
अधयावपका (f.) adhya:pika: teacher
िडा baṛa: big,elder
उमर / आय (f.) umra/a:yu age
नौकर (m.) naukar servant
1.2 Trytocomprehend
(i)shekharka:pariva:rkaisa:hai?
(ii)shekharkaunhai?
(iii)shekharki:patni:ka:na:mkya:hai?
(iv)shekharki:beṭi:ki:umrakya:hai?
(v)shekharki:patni:kya:hai?
(vi)shekharka:beṭakitna:baṛa:hai?
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1.3 Grammar & Structure
1.3.1 PossessiveFormsofPronouns:
• InHindi,possessiveformsofpronounsaremadewiththehelpofpostposition‘ka:’.Seethetable
maĩ+ka: mera: my,mineham+ka: hama:ra: our,ourstum+ka: tumha:ra: your,yoursa:p+ka: a:pka: your,yoursvah+ka: uska: his,her,itsve+ka: unka: their,itsyah+ka: iska:(s.) his,her,itsye+ka: inka:(pl.) their,itskaun+ka: kiska:(s.) whosekaun+ka: kinka:(p.) whose
• ‘ka:’isapossessivepostposition.Itbehaveslike‘a:’endingadjectiveandagreeswiththenumberandgenderofthequalifyingnoun.Seetheexamples:
ra:m
} ka: beṭa:si:ta:
sita:aurra:m
mohan
} ke beṭesi:ta:mohanaursi:ta:
mohan
} ki: beṭi:ra:dha:mohanaurra:dha:
• ‘kiska:’isthegenitiveformof‘kaun’(who)
yahkiska:gharhai? (whosehouseisthis?)
yekiske:gharhaĩ? (whosehousesarethese?)
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• ‘kiska:’alsoagreeswiththenounitfollows:
kiska:ghar(m.) (whosehouse)
kiski:kita:b(f.) (whosebook)
kiske:kapṛe(m.p.) (whoseclothes)
kiski:kita:bẽ(f.p.) (whosebooks)
• Propernounsaswellasthepronounswhichareusedasadjectiveingenitivecase,doagreewiththenounswhichtheyfollow:
ga:yka:du:dh(m.s.) (cow’smilk)
sku:lkelaṛke(m.p.) (schoolboys)
madhuki:beṭi:(f.s.) (madhu’sdaughter)
• Butyoucanseethatwhen‘ka:’combineswith‘maĩ/ham/tum’,itchangesinto‘ra:’andtheformbecome-mera:/hama:ra:/tumha:ra:
Likewise,‘yah/vah/kaun’(singular)become‘is/us/kis’;and‘ye/ve/kaun’(plural)become‘in/un/kin’respectively.
1.4 Exercise:
1. Practicethesentencesbysubstitutingtheunderlinedwordsbywordsgiveninthebrackets:
i) kya:yaha:pka:sa:ma:nhai?
(ru:ma:l,ghar,dost,bha:i:)
ii) kya:yaha:pki:kami:jhai?
(ghaṛi:,ga:ṛi:,sai:kil,beṭi:,bahan)
2. FillintheblankswithsuitableformsofHindiequivalentsoftheEnglishwordsgiveninthebrackets:
i) yah_________pariva:r(m.)hai. (my)
ii) yah_________beṭa:(m.)hai (your)
iii) yah_________kamra:(m.)hai. (his)
iv) yah_________kita:b(f.)hai. (Ram’s)
v) yah_________naukar(m.)hai. (Mohan’s)
3. Practicethesentencessubstitutingunderlinedwordsbythewordsgiveninthebracket.
i) yahmera:gharhai. (uska:,a:pka:,hama:ra:)
ii) yahra:mka:beṭa:hai. (bha:i,dost,kamra:)
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iii) yaha:mka:peṛhai: (amru:d,ana:r,seb)
iv) yahuski:kita:bhai. (meri:,tumha:ri:,unki:)
v) mera:parivarbaṛa:hai (achchha:,chhoṭa:,bahutbaṛa:)
4. Answerthequestionswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket:
i) yahkiska:gharhai? (ra:m:,mera:,uska:)
ii) yahkiski:ga:ṛi:hai? (mohanki:,hama:ri:,unki:)
iii) yahkiskekapṛehaĩ? (gi:take,tumha:re,uske)
iv) yekinkeju:tehaĩ? (pita:ji:ke,a:pke,unke)
Unit II
PatternsIntroduced:
PluralformationofNouns
MasculineNoun FeminineNoun
kamra:(m.s.) kamre(m.p.) ghaṛi(f.s.) ghaṛiyã:(f.p.)
ghar(m.s) ghar(m.p.) ma:la:(f.s.) ma:la:ẽ(f.p.)
ju:ta:(m.s.) ju:te(m.p.) guṛiya:(f.s.) guṛiyã:(f.p.)
2.0 Text
मरा दशmera: desh
My Country
भारत मरा दश ह।bha:ratmera:deshhai.Indiaismycountry.
यहा गगा, यमना, कािरी, नममदा आदद कई िडी नददया ह।yahã:ganga:,yamuna:,ka:veri:,narmada:a:dikai:baṛi:nadiyã:haĩ.TherearemanybigriverslikeGanga,Yamuna,KaveriandNarmada.
दहमालय और नीलगगरर आदद कई ऊच पिमत ह।hima:laya:aurni:lgiri:a:dikai:ũ:cheparvathaĩ.TherearehugemountainslikeHimalayaandNilgiri.
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ददलली भारत की राजधानी ह। यह एक ऐततहामसक शहर ह।dilli:bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:hai.yahekaitiha:sikshaharhai.DelhiisthecapitalofIndia.Itisahistoricalcity.
पहल यह शहर मगलो की राजधानी भी था।pahaleyahshaharmuglõki:ra:jdha:ni:bhi:tha:Earlier,thiscitywasthecapitalofMughalsalso.
ददलली का एक पराचीन नाम इदरपरसथ भी ह।dilli:ka:ekpra:chi:nna:mindraprasthabhi:hai.
IndraprasthaisalsooneoftheancientnamesofDelhi.
यहा कई परमसद ध मददर और ऐततहामसक इमारत ह।yahã:kai:prasiddhamandirauraitiha:sikima:ratẽhaĩ.TherearemanyfamoustemplesandhistoricalmonumentsinDelhi.
बिरला मददर यहा का परमसद ध मददर ह।birla:mandiryahã:ka:prasiddhamandirhai:
BirlaMandirisafamoustemplehere.
कति मीनार, लाल फकला, जामा मससजद, शीशगज गरदिारा आदद ददलली की परानी इमारत ह।qutubmi:na:r,la:lquila:,ja:ma:masjid,shi:shganjgurudva:ra:a:didilli:ki:pura:ni:ima:ratẽhaĩ.Qutabminar,LalQila,JamaMasjid,ShishganjGurudwaraetc.areoldmonumentsofDelhi.
चादनी चौक यहा का मशहर िाजार ह।chã:ndni:chaukyahã:ka:mashhu:rba:za:rhai.ChandniChowkisthefamousmarketofDelhi.
यहा कई अचछ सकल और विशिविदयालय ह।yahã:kai:achchhesku:laurvishvavidya:layahaĩ.TherearemanygoodschoolsanduniversitiesinDelhi.
ददलली का आई.आई.टी. और अखखल भारतीय आयविमजान ससथान विशि परमसद ध ह।dilli:ka:I.I.T.aurakhilbha:rtiyaa:yurvigya:nsanstha:nvishvaprasiddhahaĩ.I.I.TandAllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciencesofDelhiareworldfamous.
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महातमा गाधी की समागध राजघाट भी यही ह।maha:tma:ga:ndhi:ki:samadhira:jgha:tbhi:yahĩ:hai.Rajghat,thememorialofMahatmaGandhi,isalsosituatedhere.
ददलली एक िहत साि-सथरा और सदर शहर ह।dilli:ekbahutsa:f-suthra:aursundarshaharhai.Delhiisaverycleanandbeautifulcity.
2.1 Vocabulary
भारत (m.) bha:rat India
दश (m.) desh country
नदी (f.) nadi: river
ऊचा ũ:cha: high
पिमत (m.) parvat mountain
राजधानी (f.) ra:jdha:ni: capital
ऐततहामसक aitiha:sik historical
शहर (m.) shahar city
पराचीन pra:chi:n ancient
विशिपरमसद ध vishvaprasiddha worldfamous
कई kai: many
मददर (m.) mandir temple
इमारत (f.) ima:rat building
पराना pura:na: old
विशिविदयालय (m.) vishvavidya:laya university
अखखल भारतीय आयविमजान ससथान (m.)
akhilbha:rtiyaa:yurvigya:nsanstha:n
AllIndiainstituteofMedicalScience(AIIMS)
समागध (f.) sama:dhi(f.) mausoleum
साि सथरा sa:fsuthra: neatandclean
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2.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:kya:haĩ?
2. bha:ratki:pramukhnadiyã:kaun-kaunsi:haĩ?
3. dilli:kidoima:ratõkena:mkya:hai?
4. dilli:kemashhu:rba:za:rka:na:mkya:hai?
5. maha:tma:ga:ndhi:ki:sama:dhika:na:mkya:hai?
2.3 Grammar and Structure
2.3.1 Gender
InHindi,allthenounsareeithermasculineorfeminine.GenderinHindiisarbitraryandgrammatical.Incaseofinanimatenouns,‘a’and‘a:’endingnounsaremostlymasculineand‘i’and‘i:’endingnounsaremostlyfeminine.
‘a’endingnouns ‘a:’endingnounspeṛ(tree) kela:(banana)seb(apple) santra:(orange)patthar(stone) paisa:(coin)ghar(house) kamra:(room)mandir(temple) darva:za:(door)
Nounsendingin‘i’and‘i:’aregenerallyfeminine:
‘i’endingnouns ‘i:’endingnounsni:ti(policy) kursi:(chair)ri:ti(manner) miṭha:i:(sweet)mu:rti(idol) ga:ṛi:(vehicle)sama:dhi(mausoleum) ghaṛi:(watch)vidhi(method) roṭi:(chapatti)
2.3.2 PluralFormationofNouns
In Hindi, bothmasculine and feminine nouns have singular and plural forms. For thepurposeofpluralformation,masculinenounscanbegroupedintotwoclasses:A.a:endingnouns;B.otherthana:endingnouns.Theruletochangethenumberofamasculinenounissimple.Ifmasculinenounisa:ending,a:willchangeinto‘e’;andifthenounisotherthana:ending,itwillremainunchangedwhilemakingpluralform.
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MasculineNouns
A Ba:endingnouns otherthana:endingnouns
laṛka: Ò laṛke seb Ò seb
kamra: Ò kamre phu:l Ò phu:l
beṭa: Ò beṭe a:dmi: Ò a:dmi:
ghoṛa: Ò ghoṛe ghar Ò ghar
kutta: Ò kutte parvat Ò parvat
bachcha: Ò bachche desh Ò desh
• Youcanseeintheaboveexamplesthatonly‘a:’endingmasculinenounschangeinto‘e’forplural.Restofthenounsdonotchangeinplural.
Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyobservingtheunderlinedwords:
yahekkela:hai. yecha:rkelehaĩ.
yahekrupaya:hai. yedasrupayehaĩ.
yahekghoṛa:hai. yenaughoṛehaĩ.
yahbara:darva:za:hai. yebaṛedarva:zehaĩ.
yaheklifa:fa:hai. yea:ṭhlifa:fehaĩ.
mera:ekbeṭa:hai. meredobeṭehaĩ.
uskeekbha:i:hai. usketi:nbha:i:haĩ.
ra:mka:ekgharhai. ra:mketi:ngharhaĩ.
• YoushouldalsonotethatsomeSanskritoriginwordsandsomewordsdenotingrelationsdonotchangeinpluraleventhoughtheyarea:ending.Seetheexamples:
Sanksritorigin words
singular plural
ra:ja:(king)neta:(leader)
ra:ja:neta:
Nochange
Kinshipwords
da:da:(paternalgrandfather)na:na:(maternalgrandfather)ma:ma:(mother’sbrother)cha:cha:(father’sbrother)
da:dana:nama:macha:cha:
Nochange
• Where,thereisaneedtospecifyreferencestomorethanoneperson,generally‘log’wordisaddedtothenoun,e.g.
naukarlog(servants); neta:log(leaders)
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Feminine Nouns
According to their endings, we can divide feminine nouns into two groups in pluralformation.
A B
i/i:ending Restofthenouns
ri:ti(manner) Ò ri:tiyã: bahan(sister) Ò bahanẽ
gati(speed) Ò gatiyã: duka:n(shop) Ò duka:nẽ
vidhi(method) Ò vidhiyã: mez(table) Ò mezẽ
ja:ti(caste) Ò ja:tiyã: kita:b(book) Ò kita:bẽ
sa:ṛi:(dress) Ò sa:ṛiyã: lata:(creeper) Ò lata:ẽ
ga:ṛi:(vehiceles) Ò ga:ṛiyã: vadhu:(bride) Ò vadhuẽ
beṭi:(daughter) Ò beṭiyã: vastu(article) Ò vastuẽ
patni(wife) Ò patniyã: guṛiya:(doll) Ò guṛiyã:
nadi:(river) Ò nadiyã: buṛhiya:(oldlady) Ò buṛhiyã:
kursi:(chair) Ò kursiyã: kavita:(poems) Ò kavita:ẽ
ni:ti(policy) Ò ni:tiyã: ma:la(garland) Ò ma:la:ẽ
mu:rti(idol) Ò mu:rtiyã: dava:(medicines) Ò dava:ẽ
Youshouldbecarefulwhilemakingpluralformsof‘i:’/‘u:’endingnouns.Thelong‘i:’/‘u:’areshortenedwhilemakingpluralforms.e.g.
nadi:(river) Ò nadiyã:
chiṭṭhi:(letter) Ò chiṭṭhiyã:
bahu:(daughterinlaw) Ò bahuẽ
Nowreadthefollowingsentencescarefullyobservingthewordsunderlined–
yahlaṛki:sundarhai. Ò yelaṛkiyã:sundarhaĩ.
yahmeri:kita:bhai. Ò yemeri:kita:bẽhaĩ.
hindi:achchhi:bha:ṣa:hai. Ò tamilaurhindiachchhi:bha:ṣa:ẽhaĩ.
yahã:ekchiṛiya:hai. Ò vahã:kuchhchiṛiyã:haĩ.
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2.4 Exercise:
1. Givetheplurals
kita:b(f.) __________ di:va:r(f.) __________
kursi:(f.) __________ pankha:(m.) __________
darva:za(m.) __________ beṭa:(m.) __________
mez(f.) __________ ghaṛi:(f.) __________
ma:ta:(f.) __________ vadhu:(f.) __________
ghar(m.) __________ peṛ(m.) __________
2. Fillintheblanks
eklaṛki: __________ laṛkiyã: (10)
ekghar: __________ ghar (4)
chhaimezẽ __________ mez (1)
ekkutta: __________ kutte (3)
3. Fillintheblankswithappropriatepluralforms
i) yahmeri:kita:bhai. yemohanki:__________haĩ.
ii) yahekguṛiya:hai. vepã:ch__________haĩ.
iii) vaha:mka:peṛhai. vea:mke__________haĩ.
2.5 Additional Vocabulary
कपडा (m.) kapṛa: cloth
पड (m.) peṛ tree
कमरा (m.) kamra: room
िहत bahut very
जता (m.) ju:ta: shoe
परमख pramukh main
कतता (m.) kutta: dog
िचचा (m.) bachcha child
सि (m.) seb apple
िल (m.) phu:l flower
आदमी (m.) a:dmi: person
घर (m.) ghar house
कला (m.) kela: bana:na:
दरिाजा (m.) darva:za: gate
मलिािा (m.) lifa:fa: envelope
गचडडया (f.) ciṛiya: bird
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2.5.1Let’scount
11 गयारह gya:rah Final‘h’isnotpronouncedinHindi.Soallthenumbersendingin‘h’alongwithchhaharepronouncedas-
6-chhai
11-gya:ra:
12-ba:ra:
13-tera:
14-chauda:
15-pandra:
16-sola:
17-satra:
18–aṭha:ra:
12 िारह ba:rah
13 तरह terah
14 चौदह chaudah
15 पदरह pandrah
16 सोलह solah
17 सतरह satrah
18 अठारह aṭha:rah
19 उननीस unni:s
20 िीस bi:s
2.5.2Daysoftheweek
सोमिार somva:r Monday
मगलिार mangalva:r Tuesday
िधिार budhva:r Wednesday
गरिार / िहसपततिार guruva:r/brihaspativa:r Thursday
शकरिार shukrava:r Friday
शतनिार shaniva:r Saturday
रवििार / इतिार raviva:r /itva:r Sunday
Recapitulation1.PossessiveformsofNounsandpronouns
1.1 ra:mka:si:ta:ka
beṭa
ra:mki:si:ta:ki
beṭi:
ra:mkesi:ta:ke
beṭe
ra:mki:si:ta:ki:
beṭiyã:
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1.2 mera: mere meri:tumha:ra: tumha:re tumha:ri:uska: uske uski:
2. Pluralformofnouns
MasculineNouns FeminineNouns
kamra: kamre beṭi: beṭiyã:
darva:za darva:ze miṭha:i: miṭha:iyã:
ghar ghar ri:ti ri:riyã:
bha:i: bha:i: chiṛiya: chiṛiyã:
a:dmi: a:dmi: kita:b kita:bẽ
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LESSON - 7
Unit - I
Inthisunitthefollowingstructuresareintroduced:
1.LocativeCase(Postposition‘mẽ’and‘par’
Aफकताि कहा ह ? फकताि मज पर ह।kita:bkahã:hai? kita:bmezparhai.Whereisthebook? Thebookisonthetable.
Bगीता कहा ह ? गीता ददलली म ह।gi:ta:kahã:hai? gi:ta:dilli:mẽhai.WhereisGeeta? GeetaisinDelhi.
2.Compoundpostposition
क सामन क नीचkesa:mne keni:cheInfrontof below
1.0 Text
जादगर और सचचनja:du:gar aur sachinMagician and Sachin
जादगर : यह कया ह ?ja:du:gar : yahkya:hai?Magician : Whatisthis?
सगचन : यह टोकरी ह।sachin : yahṭokri:hai.Sachin : Thisisabasket.
जादगर : टोकरी कहा ह ?ṭokri:kahã:hai?Whereisthebasket?
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सगचन : टोकरी मज पर ह।ṭokri:mezparhai.Basketisonthetable.
जादगर : टोकरी म फकतन आम ह ?ṭokri:mẽkitnea:mhaĩ?Howmuchmangoesarethereinthebasket.
सगचन : टोकरी म तीन आम ह।ṭokri:mẽti:na:mhaĩ.Therearethreemangoesinthebasket.
जादगर : अि टोकरी कहा ह ?abṭokri:kahã:hai?Nowwhereisthebasket?
सगचन : अर ! टोकरी तो अि पड पर ह।are!ṭokri:toabpeṛparhai.Oh!Basketisonthetreenow.
जादगर : और टोकरी म कया ह ?aurṭokri:mẽkya:hai?Andwhatisinthebasket?
सगचन : टोकरी म चार गचडडया ह।ṭokri:mẽcha:rchiṛiyãhaĩ.Therearefourbirdsinthebasket.
जादगर : अि टोकरी म कया ह ?abṭokri:mẽkya:hai?Andwhatisinthebasketnow?
सगचन : अर िाह ! अि टोकरी म ममठाइया और िल ह।areva:h!abṭokri:mẽmiṭha:iyã:aurphalhaĩ.Wow!Therearesweetsandfruitsinthebasketnow.
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जादगर : इस थल म कया ह ?isthailemẽkya:hai?Whatisthereinthisbag?
सगचन : मरी फकताि ह।meri:kita:bẽhaĩ.Mybooks.
जादगर : अि थल म कया ह ?abthailemẽkya:hai?Whatisthereinthisbagnow?
सगचन : एक रमाल ह।ekru:ma:lhai.Ahandkerchief.
जादगर : रमाल का रग कया ह ?ru:ma:lka:rangkya:hai?Whatisthecolourofhandkerchief?
सगचन : रमाल का रग नीला ह।ru:ma:lka:rangni:la:hai.Handkerchiefisofbluecolour.
सगचन : लफकन मरी फकताि कहा ह ?lekinmeri:kita:bẽkahã:haĩ?Butwherearemybooks?
जादगर : तमहारी फकताि सामन ह।tumha:ri:kita:bẽsa:mnehaĩ.Yourbooksarethere.
सगचन : यह तो सचमच जाद ह!yahtosachmuchja:du:hai!Thisisreallyamazing!
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1.1 Vocabulary
जादगर(m.) ja:dugar magician
टोकरी (f.) ṭokri: basket
कहा kahã: where
पर par on
फकतना kitna: howmuch
पड (m.) peṛ tree
गचडडया (f.) chiṛiya: bird
ममठाइया (f.) mitha:iyã sweets
िल (m.) phal fruit
थला (m.) thaila: bag
रमाल (m.) ru:mal handkerchief
रग rang colour
नीला ni:la: blue
सामन sa:mne infrontof
सचमच sachmuch really
जाद (m.) ja:du: magic
1.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. ṭokri:kahã:hai?
2. ṭokri:mẽkitnea:mhaĩ?
3. ṭokri:mẽkitni:chiṛiyã:haĩ?
4. thailemẽkya:hai?
5. ru:ma:lka:rangkya:hai?
1.3 Grammar & structure
1.3.1 Postposition‘म’and‘पर’
• Postpositionम(in)isusedtodenotelocationorpresenceofsomethinginorwithin.
e.g. मरा घर मिई म ह। mera:gharmumbai:mẽhai. MyhouseisinMumbai.
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मरी िटी सकल म ह। meri:beṭi:sku:lmẽhai. Mydaughterisinschool.
• Postpositionपर(on)isalsousedtodenotelocationorpositionofsomethingkeptabove.
e.g. कागज मज पर ह। ka:gazmezparhai. Paperisonthetable.
िदर पड पर ह। bandarpeṛparhai Monkeyisonthetree.
• UnlikeEnglish,‘mẽ’(in)and‘par’(on)areplacedafterthenounse.g.–gharmẽ(inthehouse),di:va:rpar(onthewall).Hence,theyarecalledpostpositions.
1.3.2 CompoundPostpositions
Thefollowingcompoundpostpositionsarealsousedforlocation/direction.
क सामन kesa:mne before,infrontof
क पीछ kepi:chhe behind
क दाए keda:ẽ ontheright
क िाए keba:ẽ ontheleft
क पास kepa:s nexttoclose
क यहा keyahã: here
क िहा kevahã: there
क ऊपर keu:par above
क नीच keni:che below
Seetheexamples:
बिलली पलग क नीच ह। billi:palangkeni:chehai. Thecatisunderthetable.
छत क ऊपर एक कमरा ह। chhatkeu:parekkamra:hai Thereisoneroomontheroof.
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घर क सामन पाकम ह। gharkesa:mnepa:rkhai. Theparkisinfrontofthehouse.
सकल क पीछ दकान ह। sku:lkepi:chheduka:nhai. Theshopisbehindtheschool.
Observethesentencescarefully–
phalkahã:haĩ? phalṭokri:mẽhaĩ.
Wherearethefruits? Fruitsareinthebasket.
na:vkahã:hai? na:vnadi:mẽhai.
Whereistheboat? Boatisintheriver.
kapṛekahã:haĩ? kaprealma:ri:mẽhaĩ.
Wherearetheclothes? Clothesareinthealmirah.
ra:dha:kahã:hai? ra:dha:gharparhai.
WhereisRadha? Radhaisinthehouse.
kita:bkahã:hai? kita:bmezparhai.
Whereisthebook? Bookisonthetable.
tota:kahã:hai? tota:perkeu:parhai.
Whereistheparrot? Parrotisonthetree.
1.4 Exercise
1. Answerthefollowingquestionsaspermodelgiven:
a:pka:gharkahãhai?(dilli:mẽ) meraghardilli:mẽhai.
r:ammohansi:ta:mohit
ka:gharkahã:hai?
idharyahã:nadi:kepa:rgã:vmẽ
2. Let’srevisepluralformationofnouns
Singular Pluralhama:ra:ghar hama:reghar
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tumha:ra:shahar tumha:reshaharekphu:l sa:tphu:luska:kamra uskekamremera:beṭa: merebeṭeekkita:b cha:rkita:bẽekkursi: dokursiyã:ekatithi chhaiatithi
3. Make10sentencesfromthefollowingtable:
hama:remerera:mkeshi:la:ke
ghar kepi:chhesa:mnea:ge
pa:rkmandirmaida:n
hai.
Unit-II
Inthislesson,thefollowingstructuresareintroduced.
ExpansionofNounphrase:
कमरा िडा कमरा मरा िडा कमराkamra: baṛa:kamra: mera:baṛa:kamra:Room Bigroom Mybigroom
कमरा िडा कमरा िड कमर म मर / मोहन क िड कमर मkamra: baṛa:kamra: baṛekamremẽ mere/mohankebaṛekamremẽRoom Bigroom Inthebigroom Inmy/Mohan’sbigroom
2.0 Text
हमारा घरhama:ra: ghar
Our house
हमारा घर ददलली शहर म ह। ददलली भारत की राजधानी ह।hama:ra:ghardilli:shaharmẽhai.dilli:bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:hai.OurhouseisinthecityofDelhi.DelhiisthecapitalofIndia.
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हमारा घर शहर क िीच म ह। घर क सामन दकान ह।hama:ra:gharshaharkebi:chmẽhai.gharkesa:mneduka:nẽhaĩ.Ourhouseislocatedinthecentreofthecity.Thereareshopsinfrontofourhouse.
घर क दाई ओर िालमकद का घर ह और िाई ओर गोपाल का घर।gharkeda:ĩ:orba:lmukundka:gharhai.aurba:ĩ:orgopa:lka:ghar.OntherightsideofthehousethereisBalmukund’shouseandontheleftGopal’shouse.
हमार घर क पास एक िडा पाकम ह। उस पाकम क पास ही िस सटड ह।hama:regharkepa:sekbaṛa:pa:rkhai.uspa:rkkepa:shi:basstaindhai.Thereisabigparknearourhouse.Busstandisveryneartothatpark.
हमार घर म दो मसजल ह। इसम चार कमर ह, दो नीच ह और दो ऊपर।hama:regharmẽdomanjilẽhaĩ.ismẽcha:rkamrehaĩ,doni:chehaĩaurdou:par.Therearetwofloorsinourhouse.Ithasfourrooms–twoonthegroundfloorandtwoontheupperfloor.
मरा कमरा िडा ह। मर कमर म एक पलग ह, एक मज ह और दो कमसमया ह।mera:kamra:baṛa:hai.merekamremẽekpalanghaĩ,ekmezhaiaurdokursiyã:haĩ.Myroomisbig.Thereisacot,atableandtwochairsinmyroom.
मर िट का कमरा छोटा ह। िह दसरी मसजल पर ह। merebeṭeka:kamra:chhota:hai.vodu:sri:manjilparhai.Myson’sroomissmall.Itisonthesecondfloor.
पहली मसजल पर एक िठक ह। िह पढन का कमरा भी ह।pahali:manjilparekbaiṭhakhai.vopaṛhnekakamra:bhihai.Onthefirstfloorthereisadrawingroom.Itisreadingroomalso.
मरी सारी फकताि िहा अलमारी म ह। चौथा कमरा अततगथ ककष ह।meri:sa:ri:kita:bẽvahã:alma:ri:mẽhaĩ.chautha:kamra:atithikakshahai.Allmybooksarethereinthealmirah.Fourthroomisforguests.
उसम दो पलग, दो मज और दो कमसमया ह।usmẽdopalang,domezẽaurdokursiyã:haĩ.Therearetwocots,twotablesandtwochairsinthatroom.
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हमार घर क पीछ एक छोटा िाग ह।hama:regharkepi:cheekchhota:ba:ghai.Thereisasmallgardenbehindourhouse.
घर क चारो ओर थोडी जगह ह। िहा गलाि क िल ह।gharkecha:rõorṭhoṛi:jagahhai.vahã:gula:bkephu:lhaĩAlittlespaceistherearoundthefoursidesofthehouse.Roseflowersarethere.
2.1 Vocabulary
शहर (m.) shahar city
राजधानी (f.) ra:jdha:ni: capital
िीच म bi:chmẽ inthemiddle
दाई ओर da:ĩ:or intherightside
िाई ओर ba:ĩ:or intheleftside
पास pa:s near
मसजल (f.) manjil floor
पलग (m.) palang bed
मज (f.) mez table
कमरा (m.) kamra: room
कससी (f.) kursi: chair
सारी sa:ri: all
अततगथ (m.) atithi guest
िाग (m.) ba:g garden
थोडी thoṛi: alittle
गलाि (m.) gula:b rose
िल (m.) phu:l flower
छोटा chhota: small
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2.1.1 Givenbelowarecardinalnumbers.Itwillbediscussedlater.
पहला pahla: first
दसरा du:sra: second
तीसरा ti:sra: third
चौथा chautha: fourth
2.2 Trytocomprehend:
1. gharkahã:hai?
2. gharmẽkitnekamrehaĩ?
3. u:parkiska:kamra:hai?
4. gharkepi:chhekya:hai?
5. gula:bkephu:lkahã:haĩ?
2.3 Grammar & Structure
2.3.1 Obliqueformsofnouns
Readthesentencescarefully:
yahkamra:hai kamremẽpalanghaiThisisaroom. Thereisabedintheroom.yahmera:beṭa:hai merebeṭeka:na:msu:rajhaiThisismyson. ThenameofmysonisSuraj.yahaspata:lhai aspata:lmẽnarshaiThisisahospital. Thereisanurseinthehospitalyahgharhai gharmẽsa:ma:nhaiThisisahouse. Therearethingsinthehouse.
Youwillnoticethatonly‘आ’endingmasculinesingularnounschangeinto‘ए’whentheseare followed by a post position. Rest of the nouns do not change even if followed by a postposition.Infemininenouns,thereisnochangewhenapostpositionisattached.Forexample:
duka:n(f.)mẽ (intheshop)
mez(f.)par (onthetable)
kursi:(f.)par (onthechair)
alma:ri:(f.)mẽ (inthealmirah)
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ThenounswhichareusedwithoutpostpositionarecalledDirectformsofnounswhereasnounswhichareusedwithpostpositionarecalledIndirectorObliqueformsofnoun.
e.g. yahmera:beta:hai Directnoun Thisismyson.
merebeteka:na:msu:rajhai. Indirect/Obliquenoun ThenameofmysonisSuraj.
Whenpostpositionoccursthereisaslightchangeinobliqueformsofsomenouns.‘आ’endingmasculinesingularnounsarechangedinto‘ए’whenitisfollowedbyapostposition.Restofthenounsdonotchange.Seethetable:
‘a’endingDirectNouns(withoutpostposition)
ObliqueNouns(withpostposition) ChangeआÒए
rupaya: rupaya:+mẽ rupayemẽbeṭa: beṭa:+ka: beṭeka:ghoṛa: ghoṛa:+par ghoṛepardarva:za: darva:za:par darva:zepar
Directformofnouns(masculinewithpostposition)
Obliqueformofnouns
Nochange
Directformofnouns(Feminine)withpostposition
Obliqueformofnouns
Nochangeghar+mẽ gharmẽ kita:b+ka: kita:bka:naukar+ka: naukarka: bahan+ka: bahanka:a:dmi:+ki: a:dmi:ki: beṭi:+ki: beṭi:ki:sa:dhu+ka: sa:dhuka: mez+par mezparpalang+par palangpar alma:ri:+mẽ alma:ri:mẽ
Youmusthavenoticedthattheobliqueformsofnon‘आ’endingmas.nounsaswellasfemininenounsremainunchanged.Youshouldnotbeconfusedwithpluralformsof‘ए’endingmas.nounswiththeobliqueformof‘आ’endingmasculinenouns.
Singular(Direct) Plural(Direct) ObliqueformofSingularNouneklaṛka: dola:ṛke laṛkeka:ekbeṭa: dobeṭe beṭeka:darva:za: darva:ze darva:zeparkamra: kamre kamremẽ
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2.3.2 Oblique Forms of Adjectives
ExpansionofNounPhrase
Likeall-आendingmasculinenouns,-आendingadjectivesalsochangeto-एendingwhenfollowedbyapostposition.Seetheexamples:
baṛa:laṛka Ò baṛelaṛkeka:
achchha:ghar Ò achchhegharmẽ
mera:baṛa:laṛka: Ò merebaṛelaṛkeki:
ra:mka:pura:nagharÒ ra:mkepura:negharmẽ
Butnon‘आ’endingadjectivesareinvariable.Theydonotchangeatall.
yahchhoṭi:ṭokri:hai Ò chhoṭi:ṭokri:mẽa:mhaĩThisisasmallbasket. Therearemangoesinthesmallbasket.
yahsundarlaṛki:hai Ò sundarlaṛki:ki:sa:ri:nai:hai.Thisisabeautifulgirl. Thebeautifulgirliswearinganewsari.
Oblique forms of Adjectives
-aending Ò changesto-eending
achchha:laṛka: Ò achchhelaṛkeka:
ka:la:kapṛa: Ò ka:lekapṛemẽ
Non–a:ending Ò Nochange
sundarlaṛki: Ò sundarlaṛki:ka:kamra:
khara:bghaṛi: Ò khara:bghaṛi:kisui:
Seetheexamples:
1.yahaspata:lhai
Thisisahospital.
aspata:lmẽnarsẽhaĩ.
Therearenursesinthehospital.
2.yahsandu:khai.
Thisisabox.
sandu:kmẽsa:ma:nhai.
Thereisluggageinthebox.
3.yemereguru:haĩ.
Thisismyteacher
yahmereguru:ka:gharhai.
Thisismyteacher’shouse.
4.yahmera:ma:li:hai.
Thisismygardener.
ma:li:ka:gharchhota:hai.
Thehouseofthegardenerissmall.
5.yahmeri:guṛiya:hai.
Thisismydoll.
guṛiya:ka:da:mpacha:srupayehai.
Thecostofthedollisfiftyrupees.
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Youhavealreadyknown that ‘आ’endingmas. singularnounschange inoblique formsbutkinshipstermslikema:ma:,cha:cha:,da:da:etc.remainunchangedinpluralandinobliquesingular.e.g.
Kinshipterms Pluralform Obliqueforms Obliqueformsra:ja: dora:ja ra:ja:ka:mehal ra:ja:kemehalmẽcha:cha: docha:cha: cha:cha:ki:beṭi: cha:cha:ki:beṭi:ne
Nowobservethesesentences:
ra:ja:(m.) ra:ja:kemehalmẽkai:kamrehaĩ Therearemanyroomsintheking’spalace.
neta:(m.) neta:kebeṭeka:na:mgopa:lhai Thenameofleader’ssonisGopal.
na:na:(m.) na:na:ki:mezpardokita:bẽhai. Therearetwobooksonthegrandfather'stable.
cha:cha:(m.) cha:chakegharmẽbahutloghaĩ. Therearemanypeopleinuncle’shouse.
2.4 Exercise
1. FilluptheblankswithappropriateformsofHindiequivalentsofthegivenwords:-
i) mera:sa:ma:n………………..kamremẽhai.(big)
ii) bha:i:sa:hab………………..gharmẽhaĩ.(old)
iii) ………………..topi:ka:da:mkya:hai?(red)
(iv) ………………..kita:bmẽbi:spa:ṭhhaĩ.(new)
(v) ………………..mẽrupayenahi:haĩ.(envelope)
2. Filluptheblankswithproperformofnounsfollowedbypostpositiongivenwithinbrackets.
i) ………………..dokelemiltehaĩ. (intenrupees)
ii) ………………..bahutsa:ri:sa:ṛiyã:haĩ.(inthealmirah)
iii) ………………..achchhi:kavita:yẽhaĩ.(inthebook)
iv) yahmera:kamra:hai………………..cha:rkursiyã:haĩ.(intheroom)
v) mezparlifa:fa:hai………………..ti:srupayehaĩ.(Intheenvelope)
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2.5 Additional Vocabulary
2.5.1 Basiccolours
सिद safed white
काला ka:la: black
नीला ni:la: blue
हरा hara: green
लाल la:l red
पीला pi:la: yellow
भरा bhu:ra: brown
2.5.2 Let’scount
21 इककीस ikki:s
22 िाईस ba:i:s
23 तईस tei:s
24 चौिीस chaubi:s
25 पचचीस pachchi:s
26 छबिीस chhabbi:s
27 सतताईस satta:i:s
28 अट ठाईस aṭṭha:i:s
29 उनतीस unti:s
30 तीस ti:s
2.5.3 Directions
परि pu:rab east
पसशचम pashchim west
उततर uttar north
दककषण dakshiṇ south
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2.5.4 Antonyms
िडा baṛa:(big) छोटा chhoṭa:(small)
सामन sa:mne(infront) पीछ pi:chhe(behind)
पास pa:s(near) दर du:r(far)
ऊपर u:par(above) नीच ni:che(under)
थोडा ṭhoṛa(alittle) जयादा zya:da:(much)
2.5.5 Synonyms
फकताि kita:b पसतक pustak
RecapitulationInthislessonyouhavelearntthefollowingpattern:
1. pita:ji:kahã:haĩ? Ò pita:ji:aufismẽhaĩ.2. kita:bkahã:hai? Ò kita:bmezparhai.3. ghoṛa:Òka:la:ghoṛa: Ò meraka:la:ghoṛa:Òmereka:leghoṛepar
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LESSON - 8
Unit-I
PatternsintroducedinthisUnit:
1. ImperativeFormsofVerbs
त आ। तम आओ। आप आइए।tu:a: tuma:o a:pa:ieyoucome. youcome. youpleasecome.
2. NegationinImperative
त मत जा। तम मत जाओ। आप न जाइए।tu:matja: tummatja:o a:pnaja:ieDon’tgo. Don’tgo. Pleasedon’tgo.
1.0 Text
परकाश क महमानpraka:sh ke mehma:n
Guests of Prakash
परकाश : आइए रमन जी, आइए मोदहनी जी, कदहए आप लोग कस ह?praka:sh : a:ieramanji:,a:iemohini:ji:,kahie,a:plogkaisehaĩ?Prakash : PleasecomeRamanji,PleasedocomeMohiniji,howareyouall?
रमन : हम सि ठछीक ह। आप िताइए, आपका कया हाल चाल ह?raman : hamsabṭhi:khaĩ.a:pbata:ie,a:pkekya:ha:lcha:lhai?Raman : Weallarefine.Well,howareyou?
praka:sh:
हम सि भी ठछीक ह।hamsabbhi:ṭhi:khaĩ.Weallarefine.
raman:
सनीता जी कसी ह?suni:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?HowisSunitaji?
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praka:sh:
ि भी ठछीक ह। ि आजकल नागपर म ह।vebhi:ṭhikhaĩ.vea:jkalna:gpurmẽhaĩ.Sheisfine.NowadayssheisinNagpur.
prakash :रामलाल ! ओ रामलाल !ra:mla:l!Ora:mla:l!
Ramlal!HeyRamlal!
रामलाल:
जी, िािजी।ramla:l Ji:ba:bu:ji:Ramlal Yesbabuji.
praka:sh:
तीन गगलास पानी ला। सन, टोकरी म िल ह। सि और कल ला।ti:ngila:spa:ni:la:,sun,ṭokri:mẽphalhaĩ.sebaurkelela:Bringthreeglassesofwater.Listen,therearefruitsinthebasket.Bringappleandbananas.
ra:mla:l:
अचछा साहि।achchha:sa:habOkSir.
praka:sh:
शिनम, जाओ चाय िनाओ।shabnam,ja:ocha:ybana:o.Shabnam,goandpreparetea.
रोदहणी:
नही िटी, चाय मत िनाओ। यहा िठो और िात करो।rohini nahĩ:beṭi:,cha:ymatbana:o,yahã:baiṭhoaurba:tkaro.Rohini No,don'tpreparetea,sithereandtalkwithus.
praka:sh:
अचछा रमनजी, शरित तो लीसजए।achchha:ramanji,sharbattoli:jie.WellRamanji,pleasetakesharbat.
raman
: हा, शरित ठछीक ह। hã:,sharbatṭhi:khai.Yes,sharbatisfine.
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praka:sh
: िटा अतनल। तम अभी िाजार जाओ और गरमागरम समोस खरीद लाओ।: beṭa:anil,tumabhi:ba:za:rja:oaurgarma:garamsamosekhari:dla:o.: Anil,yougotomarketandbringhotsamosas.
अतनल : जी अचछा, वपताजी।anil : ji:achchha:pita:ji:.Anil : Ok,father.
दकान परduka:n parAt the shop
अतनल : भाई, छह समोस दना।anil : bha:i:chhaisamosedena:Anil : Givesixsamosas.
दकानदार : य लीसजए, दखखए बिलकल गमम ह।duka:ndar : yeli:jie,dekhie,bilkulgaramhaĩ.Shopkeeper : Pleasetake,seetheseareabsolutelyhot.
anil :फकतन रपय क ह ?kitnerupayekehaĩ?
Ofhowmuchrupees?
duka:ndar:
छततीस रपय दीसजए।chhatti:srupayedi:jie.
Givemethirtysixrupees.
anil:
य लीसजए चालीस रपय, िाकी चार रपए दीसजए।yeli:jiecha:li:srupaye,ba:ki:cha:rrupayedi:jie.Pleasetakefortyrupees,givemethebalancefourrupees.
duka:ndar
: य लीसजए चार रपय, जी शफकरया।yeli:jiecha:rrupaye,jishukriya:Pleasetakefourrupees,thanks.
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1.1 Vocabulary
आजकल a:jkal nowadays
बिलकल bilkul absolutely
दकान (f.) duka:n shop
गमम garm hot
िाकी ba:ki: remaining
साहि sa:hab master
सि (m.) seb apple
कला (m.) kela: banana
चाय (f.) cha:y tea
शरित (m.) sharbat sweetcoldwater(flavoured)
िाजार (m.) ba:za:r market
समोसा (m.) samosa: stuffedfriedsnack
शफकरया / धनयिाद shukriya:/dhanyava:d Thanks
1.2 Let’sknowsomemoreverbs
आना a:na: tocome
जाना ja:na: togo
लना lena: totake
दना dena: togive
िठना baiṭhna: tosit
खाना kha:na: toeat
पीना pi:na: todrink
पढना paṛhna: toread
मलखना likhna: towrite
सोना sona: tosleep
दखना dekhna: tosee
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1.3 Trytocomprehend:
1. praka:shkemehma:nkaunhaĩ?
2. ramanji:aurmohiniji:kaisehaĩ?
3. suni:ta:ji:a:jkalkahãhaĩ?
4. ṭokri:mẽkya:hai?
5. samosekitnerupayekehaĩ?
1.4. Grammar and structure
1.4.1. Imperativeformofverbs
• The imperative form isused toexpressorderor requestand therefore, isusedonly forsecondperson. InHindi, thereare threepronouns—tu:, tumanda:p todenotesecondperson.
• Notetheimperativeformsofverbswithtu:,tumanda:p.
1. ra:mla:l,tu:kursi:la: (Ramlal,bringthechair)
2. bhola:,idhara: (Bhola,comehere)
3. mohan,tumyahã:a:o (Mohan,youcomehere)
4. kursi:parbaiṭho (Sitonthechair)
5. cha:cha:ji:,andara:ie (Uncle,pleasecomein)
6. yahã:baiṭhie (Pleasesithere)
Nowyoucanobservethat:
a) Verbrootitselfisusedwhenthesubjectis‘tu:’.‘tu:’isusedeithertoshowintimacyforthosewhoarevery intimate suchas friends, familymembers like son,daughter,mother,or toindicate the lower social status suchas servant, in informal situations.This typeofexpressioniscalledinformalimperative.ItisalsousedforaddressingGod.Since,thisformholdslackofsophisticationorpoliteness,itisgenerallyavoidedandisusedrarely.
Itisneverusedinplural.Ininformalimperative,theverbisusedinitsrootform,e.g.-
kha:(eat),paṛh(read),ja:(go),le(take),de(give)asexpressedbelow.
a:lok,tu:ja:aurkha:na:kha: (Alok,yougoandeatfood.)
kamla:a:,dudhpi: (Kamla,comeanddrinkmilk.)
mohankita:ble,pa:ṭhpaṛh (Mohan,takebook,readlesson.)
shi:la:,kha:na:kha: (Shila,eatfood.)
b) Asyouhavereadinearlierlessons,‘tum’isgrammaticallyplural,butitcanbeusedtoaddressasinglepersonaswell.ओ‘o’isaddedtotheverbrootwhenthesubjectistum.(tuma:o)
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Thisiscalledfamiliarimperative.Readthesentences:
mohan,tumyahkita:bpaṛho. (Mohan,youreadthisbook.)
shekhar,yahã:baiṭho (Shekhar,sithere.)
mi:ta:,tumba:za:rja:o, (Mita,yougotothemarket aurgharka:sa:ma:nla:o andbringaccessoriesforhome.)
Nowyoucanobservethepatternofverbformsoffamiliarimperative:
(i)
Vowelendingverbroots
(here‘ओ’itselfisaddedtotheverbroot)
kha:+o–kha:o खाओ
ja:+o–ja:o जाओ
so+o–soo सोओ
la:+o–la:o लाओ
(ii)Consonantendingverbroots
(here‘ओ’isaddedtotheverbrootintheformofavowelsign)
paṛh+o–paṛho पढो
dekh+o–dekho दखो
likh+o–likho मलखो
• ‘le’(take)and‘de’(give)areexceptionstothisrule.Theirformsare‘lo’and‘do’insteadof‘la:o’and‘deo’.
Asanalternativeform,‘na:’endingimperativeverbformsareusedtodenotepoliteness,familiarityandinformalityingivingadvice,orderorsuggestion.This‘-na’imperativeisconfinedtothefamiliar&informalpronoun‘tu:’and‘tum’only.Sometimes‘jara:’isalsousedtomakeitmorepolite.
Nowobservethesesentences:
kamla:,jara:yahpatrapaṛhna:
mohan,jara:sha:mkojaldi:ghara:na:
ashok,jara:a:jka:akhba:rla:na:
mi:na:jara:kita:bdena:
(c) ThethirdformofImperativeis‘politeImperative’.Inpoliteimperative,‘a:p’isusedtoaddresspersonsofhighersocialstatusandseniorsinage.Here‘ie’isaddedtotheverbrootinthismanner:
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(a) Withconsonantendingverbroots
baiṭh+ie
likh+ie
paṛh+ie
uṭh+ie
baiṭhie
likhie
paṛhie
uṭhie
िदठए
मलखखए
पदढए
उदठए
Here‘ie’isaddedintheformofavowelsign.
(b) Withvowelendingverbroots.kha:+ie
so+ie
la:+ie
kha:ie
soie
la:ie
खाइए
सोइए
लाइएHere‘ie’isaddedintheverbroot.
Nowobservethetable
Pronouns Vowelending ConsonantEndingtu: a: baiṭhtum a:o(asvowelsign) baiṭhoa:p a:ie(asvowelsign) baiṭhie
• ‘le’,‘de’,‘pi:’,‘kar’areexceptionstothisruleandheretheverbformisslightlydifferent.
le - li:jie de - di:jie
pi: - pi:jie kar - ki:jie
• Sometimes‘iega:’formisalsousedtoexpressextrapolitenesswiththehonorificpronoun‘a:p’.
a:lokji,a:pmereghara:iega:
mohanjmera:yahka:mkardi:jiega:
Nowreadthesentencesforpractice:
a:lokji:,a:ie,baiṭhie. (Alokji,pleasecomeandsit.)
shi:la:ji:,cha:ypi:jie. (Sheelaji,pleasehavetea.)
kripayaa:plogmeri:ba:tsunie (Pleaselistentome.)
a:pkaldaftarjaldi:a:ie. (Pleasecometotheofficeearlytomorrow)
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a:ja:phama:regharkha:na:kha:ie. (Pleasehavesupperatourhome.)
isedekhli:jie. (Pleasehavealookatthis.)
rediosunie. (Pleaselistentheradio.)
1.4.2 NegationinImperative
Readthesentences:
ashok,vahã:matbaiṭho Ashok,don’tsitthere.kamal,ba:harmatja:o Kamal,don’tgooutside.tumkita:bnakhari:dna: Don’tpurchasebook.tumabba:za:rnaja:na: Don’tgotothemarketnow.ramesh,mezparmatbaiṭh Ramesh,don’tsitonthetable.bhola:,ba:za:rsesa:ma:nmatla: Bhola,don’tbringthingsfromthemarket.a:pvahã:naja:iega: Pleasedon’tgothere.unseba:tnaki:jiega: Pleasedon’ttalktothem.kavita:ji:,cha:ynapi:jie,du:dhpi:jie Kavitaji,pleasedon’tdrinktea,drinkmilk.shi:la:ji:,akhba:rnapaṛhie,kaha:nipaṛhie Sheelaji,pleasedon’treadnewspaper,readstory.kashmi:rmẽṭhandhai.vahã:naja:ie. ItiscoldinKashmir,don’tgothere.
• Youcanunderstandthat
(1) InImperativewords‘न’and‘मत’areusedjustbeforetheverb.
(2) Ininformalandfamiliarimperative,negationisdenotedbyadding‘मत’andhasgreaterforceofcommand.
(3) ‘न’isamildernegationandisusedwithpoliteimperative.
1.5 Exercise
1. Transformthefollowingasperthepatternofthemodelgiven:
(A) ekkursi:la:—ekkursi:la:ie.
i) rediosun
ii) kursi:parbaiṭh
iii) yahã:a:
iv) gharja:
v) kha:na:kha:
(B) cha:y mat bana:o – cha:y n bana:ie
i) ga:na:matsuna:o
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ii) kursi:parmatbaiṭho
iii) ṭelivijanmatdekho
iv) yahã:mata:o
v) gharmatja:o
2. Translatethefollowing-
i) Don'tbringtea,bringmilk.
ii) Don'tsithere.
iii) Bhola,cleantheroom.
iv) Kamini,singasong.
v) Nehaji,pleasecomehere.
3. FillintheblankswithappropriateImperativefromofverbrootsgivenwithinbrackets
(i) pita:ji:ṭelivijan……………….. (dekh)
(ii) beṭa:,yahã:……………….. (a:)
(iii) kavita:,ga:na:……………….. (sun)
(iv) ra:mu,ba:za:rsesa:ma:n……………….. (la:)
4. Constructtheimperativeformasperthemodelgiven.
Model: िोल + इए a:p (bol + ie) Ò a:p bolie
a:p(dekh+ ie) …………………..
a:p(pehen+ ie) …………………..
a:p(bata:+ ie) …………………..
a:p(dikha:+ ie) …………………..
Unit – II
PatternsIntroduced
ObliqueFormsofPluralNouns
mas.pluralghar gharõkolaṛke laṛkõkoa:dmi: a:dmiyõko
femininepluralmezẽ mezõparbeṭiyã beṭiyõko
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2.0 Grammar and Structure
2.1 ObliqueFormsofPluralNouns
Readthefollowingsentences:
(A) vahã:kitnea:dmi:haĩ? Howmanymenarethere?
(B) doa:dmiyõkobula:ie. Pleasecalltwomen.
(A) yemaka:nmohankehai. ThesehousesbelongtoMohan.
(B) maka:nõkekamrebaṛehaĩ. Theroomsofthesehousesarebig.
(A) yekita:bẽmeri:haĩ. Thesebooksaremine.
(B) kita:bõka:da:madhikhai. Thepriceofbooksarehigh.
(A) yelifa:femoṭehaĩ. Theseenvelopesarethick.
(B) lifa:fõmẽkya:hai? Whatisintheenvelopes?
• Insentencesof‘A’grouppluralnounsareusedinDirectform(withoutpostposition)andinsentencesof‘B’grouppluralnounsareusedinObliqueform(withpostposition).
• Youcanseethatallpluralnounswhethermasculineorfeminineattach‘ओ / यो’attheendwhenfollowedbyapostposition.
• Thefollowingtableshowsthebehaviourofsingularandpluralnounswithorwithoutpostposition.
Singular PluralType Direct Oblique Direct Oblique
-a:endingmasculinenounslaṛka:kamra:
laṛka:kamra:
laṛkekokamreko
laṛkekamre
laṛkõkokamrõko
restofthemasculinenounsnaukara:dmi:da:ku:
naukara:dmi:da:ku:
naukarkoa:dmi:koda:ku:ko
naukara:dmi:da:ku:
naukarõkoa:dmiyõkoda:kuõko
–iandi:endingfemininenouns
ri:tilaṛki
ri:tilaṛki:
ri:tikolaṛki:ko
ri:tiyã:laṛkiyã
ri:tiyõkolaṛkiyõko
restofthefemininenouns
chiṛiya:behanma:la:bahu:
chiṛiya:behanma:la:bahu:
chiṛiya:kobehankoma:la:kobahu:ko
chiṛiyãbehanẽma:la:ẽbahuẽ
chiṛiyõkobehanõkoma:la:õkobahuõko
Exercise
1. Filluptheblankswithproperformsofnounsfollowedbypostpositionswiththewordsgiveninbrackets.
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yahã:kelesastehaĩ.pachchi:s________kedashaĩ.(fortwentyfiverupees)
yahãkelesastehaĩ.pachchi:srupayekedashaĩ.
i) yahmohanki:kita:bhai. _________achchhi:kavita:ẽhaĩ.(inthebook)
ii) ba:harekkamra:hai. ______cha:rkursiyã:haĩ.(intheroom)
iii) ba:gmẽa:mka:peṛhai ______ekbandarhai.(onthetree)
iv) mezparlifa:fa:hai. ______ti:srupaye:haĩ.(intheenvelope)
v) yesa:ṛiã:sundarhaĩ. ______da:mkya:hai? (oftheredsaree)
vi) smithba:harja:rahehaĩ. ve_______ja:rahehaĩ.(onthehorse)
2. Rewritethefollowingsentencesbysubstitutingwithproperpluralformsofnounsgivenwithinbracketsagainsteachline.
Model:sinema:hau:lkesa:mnelogõki:bhi:ṛhai.(laṛka:)
sinema:hau:lkesa:mnelaṛkõki:bhi:ṛhai.
i) __________________________(laṛki:)
ii) __________________________(pulisva:la:)
iii) __________________________(a:dmi:)
iv) __________________________(sinema:dekhneva:la:)
v) __________________________(ṭikaṭkhari:dneva:la:)
vi) __________________________(a:neva:laaurja:neva:la)
vii) __________________________(ga:ṛi:)
Unit-III
PatternintroducedinthisUnit
Sub+को(Noun/Adjective)
OptionalAdjectivecompliment Verb
मझको
mujhko -
िखार
bukha:r
ह
hai
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122
3.0 Text
Readthesentencescarefully:
1. mohankobukha:rhai. Mohanhasfever.
2. si:ta:kokhã:si:hai. Sitahascough.
3. ri:ta:koisba:tka:dukhhai. Ritaissorryforthis.
4. garima:koisba:tki:khushi:hai. Garimaishappyforthis.
5. mujhega:nekashaukhai. Iamfondofsongs.
6. unkoghu:mneki:ichchha:hai. Theyhaveawishtostroll.
7. gopa:lkoa:ra:mhai. Gopalisbetternow.
3.1 Vocabulary
िखार (m.) bukha:r fever
खासी (f.) khã:si: cough
दख (m.) dukh sorrow
खशी (f.) khushi: joy
शौक (m.) shauk hobby
इचछा (f.) ichchha: wish,desire
आराम a:ra:m relax,rest
3.2 Grammar and Structure
3.2.1 Subject+koconstruction
Thesentencepatternsubject+koisusedtodenotephysiologicalandmentalstateofthesubject.Normally,thesubjectisanimateandanexperiencer.Thistypeofsentencesconsistofcertainactionswhich–
• essentiallybelongtohumanorlivingbody.
• thepronounsarealwaysusedinobliqueforms.eg:
म + को Ò मझको mujhko
हम + को Ò हमको hamko
त + को Ò तझको / तझ tujhe/tujhko
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तम + को Ò तमको / तमह tumko/tumhẽ
आप + को Ò आपको a:pko
िह + को Ò उसको /उस usko/use
ि + को Ò उनको / उनह unko/unhẽ
3.3 Exercises
1. Translatethesentences:
i) Mohanhasfever.
ii) Ramanissorryforthis.
iii) Pramilaregretsthis.
iv) Iwasworriedaboutyou.
v) Rameshhassomeproblem.
2. Makeimperativeformsoftheverbsaccordingtothepersonasperthemodelgivenbelow:-
Verbroot Familiar Informal Politetu: tum a:p
ja: ja: ja:o ja:iea:kha:na:chkarlepi:
3.4 Let’scount
31 इकतीस ikti:s
32 िततीस batti:s
33 ततीस taĩti:s
34 चौतीस chaũti:s
35 पतीस paĩti:s
36 छततीस chhatti:s
37 सतीस saĩti:s
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38 अडतीस aṛti:s
39 उनतालीस unta:li:s
40 चालीस cha:li:s
Recapitulation
Youhavelearntthefollowingstructuresinthislesson.
1. ImperativeformsofVerb.
tu: Ò
a:kha:ja:
tum Ò
a:okha:oja:o
a:p Ò
a:iekha:ieja:ie
2. Obliqueformofpluralnouns
a:dmi Ò a:dmiyõkom.plural
laṛke Ò laṛkõko
beṭiyã: Ò beṭiyõkof.plural
mezẽ Ò mezõko
3.Sub + को Construction Ò
mujhko bukha:r haiusko ghu:mne ki: ichchha: hai
Expandthefollowingpatternsasshowninthemodel:
Model: आ (come)आओÒइधर आओÒतम इधर आओÒतम इधर मत आओ
जा(go)Ò ………………………………………………………….
रख(keep)Ò ………………………………………………………….
िठ(sit)Ò ………………………………………………………….
दख(see)Ò ………………………………………………………….
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Please read your lessons carefully before answering the Response Sheets.
Student on : .............................
Directorate on : ..............................R.S. received by the
परापरााक Marks
5 ....... / 20 6 ....... / 20 7 ....... / 20 8 ....... / 20
पतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागDEPARTMENT OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES
क दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयCentral Hindi Directorate
हिादरी सह टिफिक पराठयकरम (अागजी मराधयम)CERTIFICATE COURSE IN HINDI (English Medium)
उतर पत 5-8 Response Sheets 5-8
Please always quote your roll No. iN all corresPoNdeNce with us
कपया छातर अपना रोल नबर एव पता नीच ललख।Fill up the Following in block letters
रोल न /roll no.
छातर की मातभाषा Mother tongue of the student
.................................
क./शीमती/शी / kum./smt./shri .................................................................................................................
पता / postal Address .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
........................................................ पपन / pin
मलयाकन क ललए उततर पतर इस पत पर भज : Filled-in response sheets are to be sent to :
उप निदशकपतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागका दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयपशचमी खाड-VIIररामकषणपरमिई हदललरी-110066 (भरार)
The Deputy Director
Dept. of Correspondence Courses
Central Hindi Directorate
West Block VII
Rama Krishna Puram
New Delhi - 110066 [INDIA]
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उततर पतर Response Sheet
}5Exercise IWrite the following words in Devanagari:
kaun ................... ................... pita:ji: ................... ...................
kya: ................... ................... kaisa: ................... ...................
achchha: ................... ................... a:p ................... ...................
bha:i: ................... ................... aur ................... ...................
ma:ta:ji: ................... ................... adhya:pak ................... ...................
sa:f ................... ................... patraka:r ................... ...................
Exercise IIAnswer the following questions :
1. आपकरा िराम कयरा ि ?
...............................................................................................................................
2. कयरा आप भरारीय ि ?
...............................................................................................................................
3. मराररयरा कौि ि ?
...............................................................................................................................
4. अधयरापक करा िराम कयरा ि ?
...............................................................................................................................
5. कयरा डविड पतकरार ि?
...............................................................................................................................
Exercise IIITranslate into Hindi:
1. Ravi is Indian.
...............................................................................................................................
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3
2. I am a German.
...............................................................................................................................
3. Maria is Russian.
...............................................................................................................................
4. India is my country.
...............................................................................................................................
5. Are you a student?
...............................................................................................................................
6. What is this?
...............................................................................................................................
Exercise IVMake questions with the help of words given in the table.
आप
मीररा
मोिि
मराराजी
यराम
म
कस
कसरा
कसी
िो
ि
ि
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
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Exercise VMake sentences with the help of suitable words given in the table.
म
आप
म
िि
छरात
अधयरापक
अमररकि
जमटिि
इाजीनियर
पतकरार
ि
ि
िो
ि
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Exercise VIFill in the blanks by using Hindi equivalents of the words given in the bracket.
1. म ................................ ि । (alright)
2. वपराजी ................................ ि । (sick)
3. ररीरा ................................ ि । (fine)
4. मोिि ................................ ि । (journalist)
5. म ................................ िो । (who)
6. िि ................................ ि । (tired)
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Exercise VIIAnswer the following questions in affirmative or negative
1. कयरा यि आम ि ? जी िरा, यि आम ि।
2. कयरा यि आख ि ? ......................................................
3. कयरा यि कलरा ि ? ......................................................
4. कयरा यि जरा ि ? ......................................................
5. कयरा यि घडी ि ? ......................................................
6. कयरा यि फकराब ि ? ......................................................
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
5
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उततर पतर Response Sheet
}6Exercise IMake sentences as per model with the help of words given within brackets.
Model: यि ................... ि। (your house [m.])
यि आपकरा घर (m.) ि।1. यि ................... ि। (my book [f.])
............................................................................................................
2. यि ................... ि। (his table [f.])
............................................................................................................
3. यि ................... ि। (Mohan’s car [f.])
............................................................................................................
4. य ................... ि। (my mother [f.])
............................................................................................................
5. यि ................... ि। (your brother [m.])
............................................................................................................
Exercise IIWrite the plural forms of the following words.
लडकरा ...................... दकराि ......................
कमररा ...................... खखडकी ......................
दरिराजरा ...................... कसथी ......................
पाखरा ...................... शमठराई ......................
िल ...................... चचडडयरा ......................
घर ...................... मज ......................
सब ...................... मरालरा ......................
िध ...................... लडकी ......................
परदरा ...................... कलरा ......................
6
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Exercise IIIFill up the blanks with suitable form of the words given in brackets................................ कमररा (my) ............................... सकल (mother’s)
............................... बरी (her) ............................... दफर (father’s)
............................... घडडयरा (their) ............................... बहिि (your)
............................... पररिरार (his) ............................... फकराब (his)
............................... घर (Ram’s) ............................... कपड (our)
Exercise IVTransform the following sentences into plural as per the given model.
Model: यि एक रपयरा ि। य दस रपय ि। (ten)
1. यि एक शलिरािरा ि। य ..................................... ि। (three)
2. यि एक आम ि। य ..................................... ि। (five)
3. यि एक आदमी ि। य ..................................... ि। (two)
4. यि एक फकराब ि। य ..................................... ि। (fifteen)
5. यि एक िल ि। य ..................................... ि। (twenty)
6. यि एक लडकी ि। य ..................................... ि। (six)
Exercise VTransform the following sentences into singular as per the given model:
Model: य मररी सराडडयरा ि। यि मररी सराडी ि।
1. ि रराम की बिि ि। ..........................................
2. य चचट हठयरा फकसकी ि ? ..........................................
3. ि िल सादर ि। ..........................................
4. य आदमी चनि क ि। ..........................................
5. य मर ब ि। . ..........................................
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Exercise VIComplete the following sentences using appropriate adjectives.
(सिद, गरम, सराि, ििरादरार, गादरी, लराल, ियरा)
1. यि चराय ............................. ि ।
2. कमर ............................. और ............................. ि।
3. गलराब करा राग ............................. ि।
4. दरादराजी करा को ............................. ि।
5. य शलिराि ............................. ि।
6. दरीिरार ............................. ि।
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
8
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उततर पतर Response Sheet
}7Exercise IFill in the blanks using appropriate postpositions म / पर.
1. फकराब मज ............ ि।
2. पि जब ............ ि।
3. कमर ............ दस छरात ि।
4. घर ............ चरार कमर ि।
5. पशसल िराथ ............ ि।
6. मराराजी सकल ............ पढराी ि।
Exercise IIAnswer the following questions with the help of the English words given in brackets.
1. वपराजी किरा ि ? वपराजी ................................................ (office)
2. हदललरी किरा ि ? हदललरी ................................................ (India)
3. िल किरा ि ? िल ................................................ (basket)
4. बादर किरा ि ? बादर ................................................ (tree)
5. मोिि किरा ि ? मोिि ................................................ (market)
6. कपड किरा ि ? कपड ................................................ (almirah)
7. ममरा किरा ि ? ममरा ................................................ (roof)
Exercise IIIFill up the blanks with proper form of nouns followed by postpositions with the help of clues given within brackets. Please note that only ‘आ’ ending masculine nouns change into ‘ए’ when followed by postpositions and other nouns remain unchanged.
1. ........................................ खब रोशिी आी ि। (in the big room)
2. ........................................ ििरा ििरीा ि। (in the small room)
3. ........................................ करा दराम कयरा ि? (small suitcase)
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4. यि थलरी ........................................ ि। (for your younger brother)
5. ........................................ दो सौ रपय ििरीा ि। (in my envelope)
6. ........................................ कयरा िराम ि? (your elder son’s)
Exercise IVWrite 10 lines about your home.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Exercise VWrite Hindi equivalents.
Eight ............................ Twenty ............................
Five ............................ Twenty five ............................
Eleven ............................ Twenty six ............................
Sixteen ............................ Three ............................
Eighteen ............................ Thirty ............................
10
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Exercise VIWrite 10 sentences on the basis of the following table.
मििमिमआपि
हदललरीकरािपरआगरराकिरा
मस
िििोि
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Exercise VIITransform the sentences as per the model.
Model: िि माबई स ि। उसकरा घर माबई म ि।
1. ि कोलकरारा स ि। ..........................................................................
2. िि लडकी हदललरी स ि। ..........................................................................
3. ि दोिो चनि स ि। ..........................................................................
4. िि किरा स ि? ..........................................................................
5. ि जयपर स ि। ..........................................................................
6. िम यिरा स ि। ..........................................................................
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Exercise VIIIFill in the blanks in the following text:
1. यि ..................... पररिरार ि। पररिरार म ..................... लोग ि।
2. म, ..................... पतिी, मररा ..................... और मररी .....................।
3. बरा पराचिीा ..................... म ि और बरी दसररी .....................।
4. मररी पतिी सकल म ..................... ि। म बक म मिजर ..................... ।
5. मर वपराजी और ..................... गराि म ि।
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
12
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उततर पतर Response Sheet
}8Exercise IMake imperative forms of the words according to the person as per the model given below.
Verb root Familiar
Informal
म
Polite
आप
जरा जरा जराओ जराइए
आ
कि
िराच
कर
ल
पी
सि
खोल
दख
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
Exercise IIFill up the blanks with appropriate imperative forms of the verbs.
1. वपराजी खरािरा ......................................... । (खरा)
2. रराम, अब घर ......................................... । (चल)
3. आप चराय ......................................... । (पी)
4. हदिश, घर ......................................... । (जरा)
5. गरजी, यिरा ......................................... । (बठ)
6. बरा, इधर ......................................... । (आ)
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Exercise IIITranslate the following sentences into Hindi.
1. Go home. ..............................................................
2. Do not bring milk, bring coffee. ..............................................................
3. Namita, sing a song. ..............................................................
4. Rameshji, sit here. ..............................................................
5. Ramu, clean the room. ..............................................................
6. Uncle, please have a tea. ..............................................................
7. Please give the letter to them. ..............................................................
8. Mohan, give this pen to Rohan. ..............................................................
9. Do it fast. ..............................................................
10. Meet Shekhar at 7 o’clock in the evening. ..............................................................
Exercise IVSubstitute underlined word with the words given in the brackets:
आप अादर आइए। (भीर, बरािर, ऊपर, इधर)
1. आप ............................... आइए।
2. आप ............................... आइए।
3. आप ............................... आइए।
4. आप ............................... आइए।
मझ खरािरा दो। (भराई को, इिको, उस, उसको, उनि)
1. ............................... खरािरा दो।
2. ............................... खरािरा दो।
3. ............................... खरािरा दो।
4. ............................... खरािरा दो।
5. ............................... खरािरा दो।
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आप ररािल को जमटिि पढराइए । (खरािरा खखलरा, परािी वपलरा, अादर तबठरा, कपड हदलरा)
1. आप ररािल को .............................................................।
2. आप ररािल को .............................................................।
3. आप ररािल को .............................................................।
4. आप ररािल को .............................................................।
Exercise VTransform the following as per model given.
A) मोिि सौ रपय दो। मोिि जी, सौ रपय दरीशजए।
सीरा, यि फकराब लो। ..................................................................
मोिरा, एक कराम करो। ..................................................................
रमश, भीर आओ और चराय वपओ। ..................................................................
B) बरािर म जराओ। बरािर बराररश ि इसशलए बरािर म जरािरा ।
कल म आओ। कल छट री ि इसशलए .................................................... ।
आम म खराओ। म बीमरार िो इसशलए .................................................... ।
चराय म लराओ। आज गमथी ि इसशलए .................................................... ।
कल म खररीदो। कल खरराब ि इसशलए .................................................... ।
Exercise VIRewrite the following sentences by substituting with proper plural form of nouns given within brackets against each line:
शसिमरा िराल क सरामि लोगो की भीड ि। (लडकरा) शसिमरा िराल क सरामि लडको की भीड ि।1. ............................................................................................ (लडकी)
2. ............................................................................................ (पशलसिरालरा)
3. ............................................................................................ (आदमी)
4. ............................................................................................ (शसिमरा दखि िरालरा)
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5. ............................................................................................ (हक खररीदि िरालरा)
6. ............................................................................................ (आि िरालरा और जराि िरालरा)
7. ............................................................................................ (गराडी)
Exercise VIIConstruct 10 sentences with the help of the following table, choosing appropriately from all the columns:
बचच को
उनि
मझ
रराजि को
मररी बिि को
लरीलरा को
उस
दो हदि स
कल स
सोमिरार स
बखरार
जकराम
प करा ददटि
शसरददटि
ि ।मकराि की
िौकररी की
सिरासथय की
चचा रा
परशरािी
बडी
बडरा
खशी
दख
खद
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
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Exercise VIIITransform the following sentences as per model:
Model: वपराजी आज खश ि। वपराजी को आज खशी ि।
1. कल स म परशराि ि। .......................................................................
2. सीश दो मिरीि स बीमरार ि। .......................................................................
3. बचचरा फकस बरा पर उदरास ि? .......................................................................
4. मरा आज दखी ि। .......................................................................
5. बिि मझस िरारराज ि। .......................................................................
Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
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5. Excuse me please. (कषमरा करिरा)
..................................................................................................................................
Exercise VISelect the correct intensifiers from दिरा, लिरा and जरािरा to complete the following sentences:
1. मररी बरी ि अपिी सिलरी को फकराब द .................................................।
2. शील िमशरा समय पर कराम कर ..........................................................।
3. अगल िफ सभी मिमराि आ ................................................................।
4. अधयरापक ि विदयराचथटियो को सिराल समझरा ..............................................।
5. िम लोग आज ररा को रलगराडी म सो .....................................................।
Exercise VIIComplete the following sentences with the Hindi equivalents of the English expressions given in the brackets.
Model: रागि को थोडी दर ............... । (allow to take rest)
रागि को थोडी दर आरराम करि दो।
1. म आज िरापस जरािरा चरािरा ि, .......... (let me complete the work)
..................................................................................................................................
2. सरलरा बरािर ििरीा जरािरा चरािी, .......... (let her remain in Delhi)
..................................................................................................................................
3. िम सराइफकल चलरािरा ििरीा आरा, .......... (let us go on foot)
..................................................................................................................................
4. आज छट री ि, .......... (let us watch the film)
..................................................................................................................................
5. बचच की बीय ठीक ि, .......... (let him eat ice cream)
..................................................................................................................................
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Comments & Instructions
1. Improvements needed
(a) Spellings
(b) Grammar Points
(c) Structures
2. General assessment of the performance.
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)
Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date
20