lesson 5 lesson 5 speech on hitler's invasion of the u.s.s.r

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Speech on Hitler's

Invasion of

the U.S.S.R

Background Information Background Information U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945)

The conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, fascism in German, Japan and Italy

Background Information:Background Information:

July 7. 1937 Japan invaded Central China.Sep. 1938 Munich Pact, which sacrificed much of Czechoslovakia to Germany


Aug. 1939Russia-Germany non-aggression pact

Sept. 1, 1939German invasion of Poland Sept. 3, 1939France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially beginning World War II


June 22, 1940France surrendered. Aug-Oct. 1940The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900)

Jun 22. 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union.

I. Background Information:I. Background Information: Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl HarbourSept. 1943the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy surrendered.

May 7. 1945Germany surrendered unconditionally.Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender.


Adolph Hitler, (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National Socialist German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian. *image –1*（希特勒当年形象一张）

1920 the Nazi Party1933 Chancellor


1934the union of the presidency and chancellorship in Hitler's person,

the FührerTHE THIRD REICH


1944 an assassination attempt April 29, 1945married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun

April 30, 1945committed suicide


MEIN KAMPT - My StruggleAryan's SuperiorityNazi: National sozialistthe National Socialist German Workers' Party

Elite Corps, black guards党卫军、黑衫党


GESTAPO: secret state police

BLITZ: lightning war

Swastika


CHURCHILL Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965)（ *image –2* 邱吉尔形象一张）

May 1940 - May 1945 first tenure as P.M.

Oct. 1951 - Jan. 1955 second tenure as P.M.


1953 knighted

Sir Winston Churchill

1953 the Nobel Prize in Literature

1955 refusing the title of duke

StyleStyle

masterpieces of orationhighly persuasive and convincing

eloquent: forceful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning

emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passion

Rhetorical devices: Rhetorical devices: ParallelismRepetition Periodic sentenceIt is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune

must be in want of a wife.

Rhetorical devicesRhetorical devices

Noun phrases: with great rapidity and violence

Imperative sentences:let us…, let us…

Inverted sentences:News was brought to me…

Structural AnalysisStructural Analysis

Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime… horrors upon mankind…

Scenario on both sides of the border.

To arouse emotion.

IV. Structural AnalysisIV. Structural Analysis

Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.

What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power remain.

Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text

1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talk

speech: a public speech without regard to its quality, degree of preparation, the quality of its speaker or audience

General word


address implies formality

and careful preparation, and

often gives emphasis to the

importance of the speech.

The president is scheduled

to deliver three addresses

on his trip.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Textoration: formal and solemn public speech. It suggests eloquence, rhetorical style, and usu. a dignified but sometimes high-flown or long-winded appeal to the emotions of a large audience or assembly.


lecture: It often implies reading. It commonly designates a carefully prepared speech on a special topic intended to give information and instruction to a group of students.


talk stresses informality. It may be used to designate either a lecture or an address when the speaker wishes to emphasize his desire to speak directly and simply to his audience as individuals.


2. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief

Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty.

I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.

His political convictions are radical.


3. certainty: the state of being definite or having no doubts

(here in the text) clearly established fact

It's a certainty that this horse will win in the race.

After three days, our victory became a certainty.


5. lie: exist, be found, reside6. presently: before long, shortly, soon

7. hasten: move fastcf: hurryHasten implies urgent quickness while Hurry carries a strong implication of confusion and agitation.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text10. surprise: attack suddenly and without warning

They surprised the enemy from the rear.

11. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay on the ground

The ship grounded on a hidden sandbank in the shallow water.

grounded on the airfield: lying still on the airfield


14. round up: to gather

together scattered animals,

to collect together animals

that are scattered

A cowboy / dog rounds up the

cattle / sheep.


15. horde: a large number or crowd, throng

a horde of locustsWhen a contemptuous term is desired, it is preferred to crowd and throng, esp, when implying rude, rough or savage character.


16. consult: to go to a person, a book for advice, information or opinion

The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions.

Have you consulted the doctor about your illness?

to consult a dictionary


17. issue:the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision

major issues of principlethe act of publishing or officially giving out or making available

Have you seen the latest issue of the magazine?

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text be at issue: of importanceThat is not the point at issue.

v: to produce, to provide officially

to issue an order / a statement

to issue a set of stamps

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text18. count on: depend on, expect, take into account

If there is anything I can do, count on me.

I think we can count on Mr White to support us.

19. enlist: win the support of, get the help or sympathy

Can I enlist your help in collecting the money for victims of the tsunami?


20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness

21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make one's utmost effort

We will go all out to support the development of the west.


22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to

What he says of women is true of men.

People in cities have larger houses now, and the same is true of the living condition in the countryside.


24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about again

The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking.

Shall we revert to our previous topic?

25. arch: principal, chief arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, etc.


26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon:

Q: You are not doing sth. against your own beliefs, are you?

A: No, not at all.


Rimmon:a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus.

Syrian Captain Naaman had leprosy.

His Israeli servant told Elisha, a prophet God.

Elisha told Naaman to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured.


Naaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity.

But being a Syrian, he had to follow his King to worship in the House of Rimmon.

Elisha granted him permission to do so.


bow down in the house of Rimmon: you do sth. outwardly with mental reservation


27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that

Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation.

A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.


cf: therefore: as a result; for that reason, so

I have never been to Africa and therefore I don't know much about it.

I think; therefore I am.（我思故我在）

It rained; therefore the game was called off.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil spirit, the source of evil in the world.

29. reference: a piece of written information about sb.'s character, ability, esp. when he is looking for employment

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text cf: A testimonial is kinder than a reference because it is shown to the person it describes while a reference is truer because it is not shown to him. A recommendation is a letter or statement that speaks in favour or praise of sb. esp, when he is looking for a job.


31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that

He had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead.

A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text 32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spoken)

33. regime: a type or form of government, often derog.

a corrupt regimeHe was tortured under the Saddam regime.

Under the old regime women could not vote.


34. feature: quality, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others

Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism.

The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.


35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of

He is complete devoid of human feelings.

The word “vacuum” refers to space entirely devoid of matter.

36. theme: (Here in the text) basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text 37. appetite: a strong desire to conquer

38. racial domination: the state of having controlling power over the other races by the Aryan nation

Aryan’s superiorityracial equality / discrimination

racism / racist


dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most important place or position

She completely dominates the family and makes all the decisions.

The dominant political party of the country is socialist.


39. excel: surpass, be superior to, outdo, exceed

He excels in music and art / courage / at football.

40. wickedness: badness, evil41. efficient: working well, quick and without waste

42. ferocious: fierce, cruel, and violent

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the TextThe Nazi regime is extremely cruel. It has invaded other countries in the most savage way. The invasions are so effective that they surpass all other kind of human cruelty.

The Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries, in this respect it is worse than any other known form of evil.


42. consistent: constant, faithful, continually keeping to the same principles

When you make a sentence, the subject and the verb should be consistent.

He reaffirmed the government's consistent policy of opposing racial discrimination.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text43. opponent: one who is on the opposite side in a contest or in a conflict

44. unfold: (lit.) to become clear, more fully known

He gradually unfolded her plan to them.

As the investigation goes on, the intrigue behind the dirty deal slowly unfold.


47. folly: (fml) foolishness, unwise act

The old man smiled sadly as he remembered the follies of his youth.

50. immemorial: going beck beyond the reach of memory

51. champion: person who fights for, supports strongly, or defends a principle, a movement, person, etc.


52. means of existence: (Here) food and clothing to keep people alive, things for people to survive

53. wring (wrung): to press hard on, squeeze, to twist, to get by force

to wring water from the wet clothes

His sad story wrung our hearts.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text 54. hardly: (rare) with effort or difficulty, with force, in a severe manner

55. primordial: fundamental and primitive, basic

primordial joys: pleasures shared commonly by all human beings

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text 57. hideous: ugly, morally offensive, very wicked

a hideous crime / criminal58. clank: metallic sound made by the swords and sabres (军刀 )

The prisoner’s ankle chains clanked.

clicking: the sound of spurs (马剌 ) and the metal piece underneath the soles


59. dandy: a person who gives too much attention to dress

cf: playboy: a person who devotes his life in pursuit of pleasure

dandified: dressed like a dandy

Here: German officers in uniforms with shoulder boards, insignias (勋章 ) and decorations


60. crafty: cleverly deceitful, cunning, foxy

craft: skill in deceiving people for a bad purpose

a man full of craft

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text61. fresh from: recently arrived, returned

They are mostly young people fresh from school.

62. cow: to bring under control by violence or threats

The gang of pickpockets were cowed by the sight of a cop.

The smaller boys were cowed by the class bully.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text63. tie down: A person who ties you down restricts your freedom.

(here) to enslave 64. dull: stupid, not cleverA dull speech / city / person65. docile: easily taught or led, obedient, easy to manage

66. brutish: brutal, beast-like


67. Hun: (derog. offensive) German soldier

68. plod: to continue to walk slowly along a road, with difficulty and great effort

69. swarm: a large group (of insects moving in a mass), throng

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text71. smart: feel painful in one part of the body

The place where he had cut his knee was smarting.

He was still smarting under / over her unkind words.

72. prey: victim, a person or animal killed or hunted

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text74. villain: a mean person who is completely given to crime, evil, a thoroughly wicked man

75. cataract: large steep waterfall, overwhelming downpour

cataract of horrors: unparalleled miseries


76. dominion: a self-governing nation of the British Commonwealth

the Dominion of Canada77. in due course: in due time, at the suitable / proper time

I will answer all your questions in due course.

After they were engaged, the wedding followed in due course.


concur: 1) agree, express agreement

She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur with her in this matter.

2) (of events, etc) happen together; coincide

Everything concurred to produce the desired result.


78. irrevocable: that cannot be changed once started

The decision to close the business is irrevocable.

revoke: (fml) withdraw or cancel

to revoke orders, promisesHis driving license was revoked after the crash.


79. resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose

She was resolved to become a ballet dancer.

The government is resolved upon / on the 10-year programme.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text80. vestige: trace, mark or sign of sth. that once existed but has passed away or disappeared

After the flood, not a vestige of the buildings remained.


82. rid… of: make free from a burden or sth. Undesirable

We wish to rid the country of corruption.

How could we rid the house of mosquitoes / rats?


84. yoke: Here: power, control, crushing burden

86. appeal: 1) to make a strong request for help, support, etc.

He appeals me for help.The government is appealing to the world to rescue its people from the disaster.


2) to please, attract, to move the feelings

words appealing to the sensesHis oration does not appeal to the head so much as to the heart of the audience.


87. pursue: to follow closelyThe beggars pursued the travellers.

The plainclothesmen are pursuing an escaped prisoner.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text89. creed: religious belief90. divergence: disagreement, difference, splitting

diverge: to go out in different directions

I'm afraid our opinions diverge from each other (from a common starting point).

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text91. slacken: to make or become weak, to reduce in activity, force, or in tightness

Don't slacken your efforts till the work is done.

92. doom: terrible fate, unavoidable destruction or death

to meet / to go to / to be sent to one's doom


94. fortify: to strengthen against possible attack, to strengthen mentally or morally

to fortify a dam against floodto fortify one's theory with facts

95. rescue: to save from harm or danger


96. tyranny: oppressive power, the use of cruel or unjust power to rule a country

tyrant: a ruler who rules cruelly and unjustly


98. moralize: to teach moral lessons

Do stop moralizing!101. lust: strong evil desirelust for goldlust for powerlust for battle (穷兵黩武 )


102. impel: force, drive, push103. lure: to attract, temptThe cheap prices lured the passers-by.

the lure of women / power / money

Keep him away from the lure of alcohol.


104. outrage: a very wrong or cruel act which causes great anger

The use of H-bombs would be an outrage against humanity.

105. hurl: to throw with force, to throw out violently

hurl a spear at the enemyhurl a brick through the window


106. penalty: punishment for breaking a law, rule, or agreement

Fishing in this pond is forbidden, penalty $5.

107. prelude : Here, an event that serves as an introduction, that paves the way for his planned invasion.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text108. accomplish: to fulfil, to succeed in reaching a stage in a progression

109. intervene: to come in between, to step in so as to halt or settle a quarrel or conflict

The argument between the two boys became so fierce that Dad had to intervene.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Textan armed intervention (武装干预 )

cf: interfere: come into

opposition, get in the way

to interfere in other

country's internal affairs

an armed interference (武装干涉 )


110. thrive and prosper:thrive: to succeed, to grow strong and healthy

Children thrive on milk / in the country air.

His business is thriving.prosper: to succeed, to do well success

prosperous economy


111. conquer： take possession of (sth) by force

The Normans conquered England in 1066.

defeat (an enemy, a rival, etc)Chinese women’s volleyball team conquered its main rivals in the first round of the competition.

Detailed Study of the TextDetailed Study of the Text(fig) overcome (an obstacle)The mountain was not conquered until 1953.

Smallpox has finally been conquered.

conqueror： William the Conqueror, ie. King William I of England

conquest： the Norman Conquest, ie. of England by the Normans


112. subjugate: to bring under control,

She dominated him and subjugated his will completely.

subjugate the oppositionsubjugation: the state of being conquered, the act of taking power over

The villain cowed the poor man into subjugation.


113. hearth: the area around the fire in one's home

hearth and home: (poetic) home and its comforts

Detailed Study of the Text Detailed Study of the Text

114. exertion: effort, the active use of physical or mental power to produce a desired result

The doctor says he must avoid all exertion.

In spite of all his exertion, he failed to penetrate his way into the bus.

Structural AnalysisStructural Analysis

Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime… horrors upon mankind…

Scenario on both sides of the border.

To arouse emotion.

IV. Structural AnalysisIV. Structural Analysis

Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.

What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power remain.

Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision.

RhetoricRhetoric

Simile: a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common.

tenor: the subject of the comparisonVehicle: the image of which this idea is conve

yed The vehicle is almost always introduced by the

word "like" or "as".

RhetoricRhetoric

The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail (vehicle).

The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.

Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.

RhetoricRhetoric

Metaphor: a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated. Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is clearly stated, in a metaphor nothing is mentioned.

The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.

RhetoricRhetoric

Snow clothes the ground.Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and

playing, were moving jewels.Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .The ship ploughed the sea.Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)

Rhetoric Rhetoric

Metaphor:They will be rounded up in hordes.

I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...

Means of existence is wrung from the soil...

Rhetoric Rhetoric

Metaphor:cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke

The scene will be clear for the final act.

Rhetoric Rhetoric

Alliteration:dull, drilled, docile...for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking...

Rhetoric Rhetoric

Assonance: the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words

clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...

easier and safer prey

Rhetoric Rhetoric

Repetition:We have but one aim and one single purpose

nothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate...

This is our policy and this is our declaration

as we shall faithfully and steadfastly

RhetoricRhetoric

Parallelism:The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...I see,...I see...the return of the bread-winner,

of their champion, of their protector

RhetoricRhetoric

We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air

Any man or state... Any man or state...Let us... Let us...

Rhetoric Rhetoric Noun phrases:I had not the slightest doubt where ...

With great rapidity and violence

Periodic sentences:When I awoke on...invasion of Russia.

If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken.

lesson 5 lesson 5 speech on hitler's invasion of the u.s.s.r

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