EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2

LESSON 1:A Review Of Educational Technology 1

What is EducationalTechnology?

Educational Technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological process and resources.

HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

WHERE ARE WE GOING AND WHERE HAVE WE BEEEN?

Educational technology seems to be the phenomenon of the 21st century.

ANCIENT CIVILIZATION History tells us that this started during the ancient civilization when

man started to use pointed sticks to in-script signs and symbols on the leaves of trees and knives for the bark of trees. At about 3100 B.C Egyptians devised a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics.Although they may represent the objects for which they stand for, hieroglyphics symbols usually represent a sound or group of sounds. This development gave rise to the class known as scribes, a group of men trained in the art of writing.

• In ancient Greece, the Spartan Education emphasized the development of the physical body coupled with discipline.

The boys underwent exercises and activities that promoted bodily strength, endurance and vitality. These include dancing, wrestling, horseback riding, swimming and gymnastics. They were taught by the paidonomous, a military commander in the public barracks.

• In Athens, they believe that mind and the body has a strong relationship, thus activities to develop both were the prime concerns in the music schools, the grammar schools and the public gymnasiums or palaestra. With the help of the Sophist, cognitive rules, systematically arranged subject matter instructional technologies and effective instructional materials were designed and implemented.

Education in Medieval EraDuring the Medieval Era, the establishment of the Medieval University was an

important milestone in educational development. Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158 chartered the first university.

The Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain gave a significant contribution in determining the direction of what educational technology is today. The aim of their education was search for knowledge and the application of scientific facts to their daily lives. Their curriculum was the most organized and complete in the elementary, secondary and collegiate levels. Their universities and libraries were the models in the entire Europe because they invented the printing press. They also originated the scientific method of teaching.

Education in Renaissance Period• Authorities agree that modern times began with the movement known as age of

Renaissance or Reawakening. The period has three main lines of concern:

Intellectual to which education belongs:

Aesthetic, Scientific

Along the intellectual development, movements like Humanism, Reformation, Realism, Disciplinism and Rationalism contributed to the development of educational technology especially along theories and practices. Bacon , Rabelais, Vives and Milton advance their own ideas about education; while John Locke came out with his idea about the nature of the child's mind at birth in Tabula Rasa. Johann Amos Comenuiswas recognized for developing the first picture book known as Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures). He was considered as the pioneer in instructional technology development. Maria Montesori contributed her own ideas about teaching, which is the use of multi-sensory materials to teaching, which is still use in Montessori schools of today.

Education in Age of Naturalism• Notable figure during this age was Jean Jacques Rousseau. His

educational views were contained in a book titled Emile, which he authored. The aim of education was the preservation of the natural goodness of the individual and the formation of society based upon the recognition of natural individual rights. Herbart also came out with the five formal steps to teaching now known as the Herbartian Method of Teaching with the following steps: preparation, presentation, comparison and abstraction, generalization and application. Peztallozi believed that teaching is more effective if it proceeds from concrete to abstract, hence the use of actual and real objects that involve most of the senses. Froebel, who was known as the Father of Kindergarten emphasized the use of actual objects, which could be manipulated by the learners.

Pestalozzi

Dewey Skinner Thorndike Locke Montesorri

Education in the 19th Century Famous are the works of John Dewey and Edward Thorndike. Dewey, an American

Pragmatist, formulated the scientific theory of learning while Thorndike, a Connectionist advanced the three primary laws of learning.

These ere paved the way to the development of effective educational technology, including the production of books, the use of blackboards, and the improvement of writing implements like pen and ink. Photography was invented giving way to a movement called visual instruction. In 1926, educational films were used as instructional media In 1932, the first instructional television program was aired at the State University of Iowa.

During the Second World War, the experiences of the American soldiers showed the importance of educational devices such as movies, filmstrips, radio and other pictorial devices. They used these devices in military trainings. After the war more developments in educational technology were seen like the use of programmed instruction by Skinner:, the taxonomy of educational objectives by Bloom; the use of modularized instruction.

Education in Contemporary Times

• The 2nd millennium saw the pervasiveness of educational technology in all aspects of educational organization and management. Most schools have already adopted the computerization of records, entrance procedures and all over aspects of administration and supervision. Schools in the secondary, collegiate levels and even in the graduate level have radically revised and enriched their curricular offerings to include courses in computer applications. Computers became more user friendly so people began procuring sets for personal as well as for office and instructional use.

Types of Technology Use in Education

Smart boards is an interactive white board

that allows the teacher to project an image

from a laptop to the front of the room and

the teacher can then digitally draw on that

image.

Classroom PC

They give them the option of recordings

their notes for long period of time.

Most classes require student to do a lot of

reports and presentations.

This allows for students to be more in tune

With their learning by allowing them to

Have their own personal computer.

Projectors

Projectors hook up to the teacher’s

Laptop and projects on the screen

from the laptop to the white board in

the front of the room.

By doing this it allows the students

To see a larger version of what is on

the laptop screen.

Television

Television can be used to show instructional

DVD’s or to be able to watch important

current events, such as 9-11 or

Presidential elections.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of The Use Of Technology

Parent’s Peace of MindCell phones now allow us to stay in contact with our friends and family anywhere that we are. It is how students communicate problems and emergencies with their parents when they are at school as well.

The Information HighwayAny answer to any question can be found with a few clicks of the keys on the computer or smart phone. Powerful search engines allow an organized and simply way to find the answers that students may need for assignments or projects.

Broaden The MindBefore the internet, children knew what their family taught them. This caused their political and religious views to be the only ones that the children knew. Having access to the technology will expose them to things outside of their parents interests and help them to form their own opinions.

Brings Some Fun Into The ClassroomLearning the same exact way from the same person every day can really get…boring. This boredom turns into a lack of motivation in the students. When they are able to integrate computer learning into their normal schedule, they become much more excited to learn.

Applicable EducationIn the working world, in nearly every job you may take, you have to know how to operate a computer. Teaching this skill in children early will give them an advantages and a learning curve for when they are adults.

Access To Inappropriate ContentThe biggest concern when it comes to the use of technology in schools is how easy pornographic, violent, and other inappropriate materials can be accessed and viewed. This could cause big problems if the material is shared with other students while in the classroom.

Disconnected YouthThis harmful effect of technology has already come to light in today’s world. People are attached to their screens almost 24/7, which is causing an entirely new set of social issues to pop up. This translates into the school system in a bit of a different way, however. More and more students are experiencing social anxieties when it comes to face to face interactions, but are perfectly fine socializing online.

The Cyberbullying TrapGiving students access to anonymous accounts and endless contact avenues can only lead to trouble. Cyber bullying has become a real and in our face problem among young people today. This harassment has no end, which includes the class room. There is also no way to monitor or discipline students who are involved.

The Cyberbullying TrapGiving students access to anonymous accounts and endless contact avenues can only lead to trouble. Cyber bullying has become a real and in our face problem among young people today. This harassment has no end, which includes the class room. There is also no way to monitor or discipline students who are involved.

Inevitable CheatingWhile have an easy access to information may seem like a great thing, it can become a real problem in a test taking environment. Cell phones have made cheating easier than ever. You no longer have to figure out how to write all of the answers down, you can just look them up!

Major DistractionAttentiveness drops drastically in the classroom when students have their cell phones or other technologies out. The focus shifts from their teacher and education, to whatever they are looking at, playing, or doing on their phones.

Always Remember!!!Computers cannot replace a teacher. Computers are

amazing tools for teaching, but technology alone does not facilitate learning.

If computers could replace teachers, all schools, colleges and universities would have computers for teachers.