lesson 01 - measurement.ppt
DESCRIPTION
INstrumentation for pressure, Basic principalsTRANSCRIPT
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Principles of Principles of MeasurementMeasurement
Let the Games Let the Games Begin!Begin!
LESSON 1
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ObjectivesObjectives• Measurement of Measurement of
temperature and pressure temperature and pressure • Units of measurementUnits of measurement• Measurement devicesMeasurement devices
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ReferencesReferences
• Introduction to Naval Introduction to Naval EngineeringEngineering
• Principles of Naval EngineeringPrinciples of Naval Engineering
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Purpose of Measuring Purpose of Measuring DevicesDevices
• Why essential to proper Why essential to proper operation of propulsion operation of propulsion plants?plants?
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WHAT IS WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?TEMPERATURE?
• An indication of the internal energy An indication of the internal energy contained in a substancecontained in a substance• Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly
proportionalproportional• Poly-Atomic Gases: translational, Poly-Atomic Gases: translational,
rotational and vibrational kinetic rotational and vibrational kinetic energy.energy.
• Temp is a measure of but not Temp is a measure of but not directly proportional to internal directly proportional to internal kinetic energy.kinetic energy.
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Measurement of Measurement of TemperatureTemperature
• Relative ScalesRelative Scales• Fahrenheit (°F)Fahrenheit (°F)• Celsius (°C) Celsius (°C)
• Absolute ScalesAbsolute Scales• Rankine (°R)Rankine (°R)• Kelvin (K)Kelvin (K)
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Temperature Temperature RelationshipsRelationships
(°F) = 9/5*(°C) +32(°F) = 9/5*(°C) +32
(°C) = 5/9*[(°F) –32](°C) = 5/9*[(°F) –32]
(°F) = (°R) – 459.67(°F) = (°R) – 459.67
(°C) = (K) – 273.15(°C) = (K) – 273.15
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Measurement of Measurement of PressurePressure
• Definition: Force per unit areaDefinition: Force per unit area• Units of measurementUnits of measurement
• Pounds force per square inch Pounds force per square inch (psi) (psi)
• Inches Hg or inches HInches Hg or inches H22O (“Hg)O (“Hg)• Atmospheres (atm)Atmospheres (atm)
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Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
• Gage pressure (PSIG)Gage pressure (PSIG)• Absolute pressure (PSIA)Absolute pressure (PSIA)• Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in
Hg)Hg)• Atmospheric pressure (14.7 Atmospheric pressure (14.7
psi)psi)
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Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Press. + Press. + Gage Gage Press.Press.
Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure - Vacuum = Atmospheric Pressure - Absolute Absolute PressurePressure
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Pressure RelationshipsPressure Relationships
Atmospheric Pressure(Average at Sea Level)
VACUUM(in. Hg)
GAGE PRESSURE
(PSIG)ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
(PSIA)
0 PSIA
14.7 PSIA
30 PSIA
0 PSIG
0 In. Hg
29.92 In. Hg
15.3 PSIG
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SensorSensorss
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Principle of OperationPrinciple of OperationTemperature DevicesTemperature Devices
• Expansion ThermometersExpansion Thermometers• Liquid in glassLiquid in glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled system/distant readingFilled system/distant reading
• PyrometersPyrometers• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and optical pyrometersRadiation and optical pyrometers
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Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
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Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
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Expansion Expansion ThermometerThermometer
• Liquid in GlassLiquid in Glass• BimetallicBimetallic• Filled Filled
System/Distant System/Distant ReadingReading
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PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
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PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
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PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
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PyrometersPyrometers
• ThermocoupleThermocouple• ResistanceResistance• Radiation and OpticalRadiation and Optical
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Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
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Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
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Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
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Operation of Pressure Operation of Pressure Measuring DevicesMeasuring Devices
• ManometersManometers• Bourdon tubeBourdon tube• Bellows gageBellows gage
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QuestionQuestions?s?