lecture03 parks gardens

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parks:

L e c t u r e 0 3 :

miss iffa nayan

anatomy of a park

c o n t e n t s :

introduction 1

definition of park 2

public recreation 3

park hierarchy 4

design principles for park

planning 5

Degradation Modernization

Urbanization

High rise development Environmental problem

Chaotic planet

Tight schedule

“people nowadays….”

Chasing after time

Unhealthy lifestyle High rate of mortality

1 “world nowadays….”

what is park?

2

a planned environment that typically correlates with

open space, allocated or reserved fully or partially, for

the purpose of public recreation.

could be comprises of natural elements; or man-

made elements; or combination of both.

why is park important?

act as “green lung” for the city and a focal point that

breaks up the monotony of concrete jungle.

promote healthy lifestyle that can influence the

increase of quality of life.

to counterbalance the harsh reality of a hectic urban

life.

3

passive

• sight-seeing

• walking

• relaxing

• picnicking

• gathering

• meeting

• jogging

active

• hiking

• playing outdoor games

• trekking

• camping

• running

• cycling

• mountain biking

• swimming

• bird watching

• snorkeling

• etc.

public

recreation

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national park

regional park

national park

regional park

urban park

local park

community park

neighborhood park

pocket park

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2

3

4

5

6

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theme park linear park

national park

regional park

urban park

local park

community park

neighborhood park

pocket park

metropolitan park

state park

city park

** categorized by size and location

of the area, type of activity & facility

standards

** size of the area may varies

depends on population ratio and

park acreages

** based on concept & design ideas

4

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general guidelines :

Recreational parks should located far from site sewage, waste disposal and electrical substations

The form of parks is acclaimed to be square

Should have good irrigation and drainage system, not a

flood prone area

Water resources and catchment area should be maintained

Softscape elements should occupied a minimum 60% of

overall parks

All recreational parks should follow design guidelines from local authorities

4 1 national park

definition: natural area of land and/or sea

designated to;

a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for

present and future generations

b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical (harmful) to the

purposes of designation of the area

c) provide foundation for spiritual, educational, recreational and

visitor opportunities

all (a+b+c) of which must be environmentally and culturally

compatible

able to accommodate overall population of the country

size of the area is unlimited

*sources:

World Conservation Union (ICUN)

Department of Town & County Planning Malaysia

4 1 national park

general attributes/features: Gazetted under protected areas

No alteration of existing topography

Serve the purpose of protecting wildlife and vegetation species

and other natural features

Provide environmental friendly or suitable recreational activities,

e.g ecotourism activities etc.

Distance limit for accessibility is unlimited

4 2 regional park

definition: a large site located at prominent locations in a region, i.e at urban

areas or at urban fringe areas or in proximity to major transport

interchanges

a centre point for all urban, rural and other territorial population for

recreational activities

has unique features of natural environment

provide facilities with a greater scope than the core activities and

serve the wider recreational needs

acceptable distance is within1 hour drive from residential areas

minimum size of the area is 100 hec and above

minimum population size to cater is the whole region/territorial

population

*sources:


4 2 regional park

general attributes/features:

metropolitan park

Located at the heart of a city

Must be accessible and feasible

Provide adequate facilities to cater large number of visitor, e.g

elementary play area, preschool play area, sport fields/courts,

picnic area, open area for events, landscaped area, car parking

etc.

4 2 regional park

general attributes/features:

state park

Has unique characteristics of natural environment, e.g rare species

of wildlife or vegetation, million years of rock cliffs etc.

Offer adventure/active/passive recreations with maximum

protection and safeguarded by qualified personnel

Should be accessible by any mode of transportation

Provide adequate facilities and amenities

4 3 urban park

definition: a medium-size site located in urban areas and close to major

transport interchanges

an active activity centre for urban residents

acceptable distance between 5.0 km to 10.0 km from residential

areas

size of the area approximately within 40 hec to 100 hec

able to cater population size of 50,000 and above

*sources:


4 3 urban park

general attributes/features: A well developed park, i.e natural area that consists of softscape

elements is more than 60%

Provide sufficient facilities, e.g sports centre/ field sports, play area,

paved courts, car parking, picnic area etc.

4 4 local park

definition: A small to medium-size site, located in or within service centre

(city/town)

Also categorized as city or town park

Can be perceived as larger than a community park

Accessible from anywhere within city/suburb areas

Acceptable distance at 3.0 km from residential areas

Size of the area is typically within 8 hec to 40 hec

Able to cater population size of 12,000 to 50,000 people

*sources:


4 4 local park

general attributes/features: A public recreational park with basic recreational activities

Comprising of an area for passive and partially active activities, e.g

sports activities, walking, fishing, day camping, picnic area etc.

4 5 community park

definition: Publicly owned lands, provided for full public access

Aim at providing recreation opportunities beyond those supplied by

neighborhood parks (larger in scale).

Comprising of areas for physical, social and cultural activities

Acceptable distance at 1.5km from residential areas

Size of the area is typically within 2 hec to 8 hec


*sources:


4 5 community park

general attributes/features: A mix of passive of active recreation areas

Usually feature basic amenities, e.g sport fields, courts, lawn areas,

picnic area, parking area etc.

4 6 neighborhood park

definition: A park that serve the recreation needs of people living within a

residential area

Typically accessed by pedestrians and bicyclists, and are generally

located on streets with sidewalks

Acceptable distance at 1.0 km from residential areas

Size of the area is typically within 0.6 hec to 2.0 hec


*sources:


4 6 neighborhood park

general attributes/features: Designed for diverse passive recreational activities

Serve as a neighborhood’s social focus

Feature basic facilities such as playground, seating area, open

lawn, pathways, etc.

4 7 pocket park

definition: A mini-size site for a park, may located in between building blocks or

built-up areas

Formerly are unused lands converted into green spaces

Acceptable distance is 0.5km from built-up areas

Typically within 0.2 hec to 0.6 hec

Can cater a population of 300 to less than 1,000 people

*sources:


general attributes/features: Designed for local population within its boundary or for specific

group of users (e.g young children or senior citizens)

Typical facilities such as small open area, bench, picnic table,

walkway, planting boxes/pots etc.

4 7 pocket park

4 8 theme park

definition: A park that design based on specific theme or concept

It is designed, controlled and managed for several purposes, i.e

enjoyment, amusement, entertainment and education

It should be accessible and motivate large number of people to

travel some distance from their home, usually leisure time, to visit

them for a short/limited period of time

*sources:


Raluca, D.C & Gina, S., Faculty or Domestic and International Tourism Economy, Romanian-American

University

4 8 theme park

Theme Main Activities Proposed Location Example of Sites

Recreational water

Provide active recreational activities particularly water-based

Area where possible with natural or man-made water bodies

Water theme park

Entertainment Provide activities related to entertainment/amusement for societies

Area where possible adjacent to major transport interchange

e.g: Sunway Lagoon, Genting Highland etc.

Art and culture Activities based on art

and culture of different races for education purposes

Area where

possible has historical background of art and culture

e.g: cultural

village, cowboy town etc.

Safari Provide experience to animal life, especially native and threatened species

Area where is far from massive development and reachable

e.g: zoo, nigh safari, bird sanctuary etc.

4 8 theme park

Theme Main Activities Proposed Location Example of Sites

Adventure Extreme and adventure related activities, e.g wall and rock climbing,

atv adventure etc.

Area that have good access

Extreme park, adventure park

Underwater Activities related to expose the under water ecological life for education and

learning purposes

Indoor area or enclosed

e.g: underwater park

*sources:


(Olahan Kajian Semula Taman Tema, 2011)

4 8 theme park

water based

4 8 theme park

entertainment

4 8 theme park

art and culture

4 8 theme park

safari

4 8 theme park

adventure

4 8 theme park

underwater

4 9 linear park

definition: A park that design based on specific design concept or idea

Commonly designed to respect the existing landforms and natural

site conditions

This park creates spaces between developments and represent as

transition space between built-up areas

Located in urban and sub-urban areas

Usually found along riverbanks, road reserves or beach-fronts, or

inter-connecting pedestrian walkways to the frontage of

rivers/water features

*sources:


Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI)

4 9 linear park

5

rules of thumb for park planning

Design a park so that it;

- protects and enhances the environmental, cultural and heritage

values of an area

- assists with place-making by building on the special attributes of an

area

- is pleasant and welcoming

- is well maintained and actively managed

- is safe and perceived to be safe

Ensure accessibility with park that is;

- distributed throughout an area providing equitable access to all

residents

- easy access via public transport where appropriate, walking and

cycling networks

- connected where practicable with a broader open space

Usability is ensured by open space that is;

- is of a sufficient size and shape to cater for its intended purposes

- is adaptable, catering for multiple users and types of activities

- for children and disable, has access to facilities which are associated

with moderate to vigorous physical activity

- is shared by a number of user groups

Thank you!

lecture03 parks gardens

Art & Photos