lecture slides stats1.13.l00.air
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Lecture slides stats1.13.l00.airTRANSCRIPT
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Statistics One
Introduction
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Introduction
• Statistics, broadly defined, is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of data
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Introduction
• Data: a collection of numbers assigned as values to quantitative variables and/or characters assigned as values to qualitative variables
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Introduction
• Example: Academic records of children in elementary school
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Introduction Student Gender Age
(Months) Math History Language
TR M 80 95 91 73 CS F 79 79 75 87 PP M 84 75 82 84 DB M 84 94 98 95 MM F 82 93 78 78 AC M 83 91 79 80 …
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Introduction
• Data: the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived
• Data à Information à Knowledge
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Introduction
• Statistician: a person who is skilled in applying the tools of Statistics
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Introduction
• Types of Statisticians • Academic research • Medical research • Survey studies • Education • Market research
– Analytics and Big Data
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Introduction
• Statistic: a quantity calculated from a sample of data
• Average Age of students • Average Math grade • Standard deviation of Math grade
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Introduction
• Sample: a subset of the population
• Population: the entire collection of cases to which we want to generalize
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Introduction
• Statistic: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample
• Parameter: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population
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Introduction
• Descriptive statistics: procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data
• Inferential statistics: procedures that allow for generalizations about population parameters based on sample statistics
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Introduction
• Research methods • Descriptive • Correlational • Experimental
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Introduction
• Descriptive – Organize and summarize the data
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Introduction
• Correlational – Examine relationships among variables
• Is Math grade correlated with History grade?
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Introduction
• Experimental – Randomly assign students to different schedules
• Year-round • Summer break
• Is achievement affected by schedule?
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Introduction
• The International Year of Statistics, 2013! – For information:
• www.statistics2013.org
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Introduction
• “Statistics is becoming more critical as academia, businesses, and governments come to rely on data-driven decisions, greatly expanding the demand for statisticians.”
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END INTRODUCTION
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