lecture no. 1
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Lecture No. 1. Computer Logic Design. About the Course. Title: Computer Logic Design Pre-requisites: None Required for future courses: Computer Organization & Architecture Assembly Language Operating System. About the Course Textbooks. Logic & Computer Design Fundamentals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lecture No. 1
Computer Logic Design
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About the Course
Title:– Computer Logic Design
• Pre-requisites:– None
• Required for future courses:– Computer Organization & Architecture– Assembly Language– Operating System
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Logic & Computer Design FundamentalsLogic & Computer Design Fundamentals(Second Edition Updated; Third Indian Reprint 2003)(Second Edition Updated; Third Indian Reprint 2003)
ISBN: 81-7808-334-5ISBN: 81-7808-334-5M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
Digital FundamentalsDigital Fundamentals(Eighth Edition; First Indian Reprint 2003)(Eighth Edition; First Indian Reprint 2003)
ISBN: 81-7808-876-2ISBN: 81-7808-876-2Thomas L. Floyd
About the Course Textbooks
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Why Study It?
• you want to be a computer scientist • it makes you a better programmer • performance: programming is more than
just getting the answer • it's fun to learn how things work • you may need to buy a computer someday
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More about the Course• Core-course• Foundation for advanced courses
– Advanced Digital Design– Computer Architecture
• Foundation for a career track– Area for advanced design and learning
• System on Chip (SoC)• Active research area,
– A profession, highly in demand in the industry– Offshoots into logic synthesis, design verification, product
and test engineering• In short: An opportunity!! Make the best of it!!
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Course Content• Analog & Digital World• Number Systems• Boolean Algebra & Logic Circuits
– Logic gates– Logic minimization
• Combinational Logic– Memory-less circuits– De/mux, de/encoders, shifters, adder, multiplier
• Sequential Logic– Latches, flip-flops– Registers & Counters– State Machine Design
• Semiconductor Technologies (Switch & CMOS design)
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Course Content• Memory Systems
– Register– RAM– ROM– Caches
• Programmable Logic Devices– FPGA– PLA– PAL
• Instruction Set Architecture– Register Transfers and Datapaths– Sequencing & Control
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Introduction
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Introduction• The course is about the design and Implementation of Digital Systems• What is a digital system• A system is an entity that responds to an input
• The output is a modified form of the inputinput outputsyste
m
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Introduction
• A simple electronic circuit
• The camera Image
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Introduction• The speech recognition system
• Calculators• Computer• Audio CD Player• Mobile Phones
• Radar Detection System• Speech/Image Recognition System• Industrial Control Systems, etc.
Identified
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Introduction
• Digital Systems– The input and output of the system are digital
signals– It is important to know about digital signals– Intensity of light– time– distance
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Analog World
Most things in nature:• Continuous Values• Temperature• Speed• Intensity of Light• Distance• Colors
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Digital World
• Discrete set of values
• Typically, achieved through sampling of analog quantities
• Coded representation of values
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Digital World (cont)
• Widespread usage• Computers and internet driving world economy• Internet doubles in size every year• Moore’s law: processors double in speed every 18
months• Latest processors have millions of transistors and
run billions of cycles per sec• More traditional analog systems migrating to
digital. Why?
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Analog Signal
– value of signal exists at any instant of time– signal may take any value along the vertical axis– occurs in continuous form
Independent variable
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Analog Signal
Independent variable
– Sampled analog signal
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Digitized Signal
– The value of signal only exists at discrete points in time– The reconstructed signal has sharp edges and corners in
contrast to the original signal which has smooth curves
Independent variable
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Under-sampled Digitized Signal
– Number of sample points reduced by half– Loss of information occurs– What about over-sampling?
Independent variable
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The Digital Advantage• Digital data can be processed and transmitted
– more efficiently than analog data– More reliable than analog data
• Digital data has a great advantage when storage is necessary e.g.
• Music when converted to digital form can be – stored more compactly – reproduce with great accuracy and clarity than analog
• Noise does not affect digital data nearly as much as it does analog signals.
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Representation of Quantities
• Analog Systems– Use and work with voltages or signals that are continuous
• Digital Systems– Discrete values but how many?– The whole basis of digital electronics is based on the
simplicity of the “on/off” or “0/1” model– All quantities and values must be coded into this bi-level set
of “0”s and “1”s– All storage and transmission of values in a digital system
occurs using these two binary digits (bits).
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Lecture # 1 (Review)
• Analog– Continuous values
• Digital– Discrete set of values
• Advantages of digital over analog– Can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and
reliably– Take less space– Noise does not effect