WALL FINISHES

LECTURE FOUR

FINISHES

Wall finishes are materials applied to a base partition, either to give it certain characteristics or for strictly aesthetic reasons, or for both. In most cases, the base partition is made from gypsum wallboard over wood or metal studs, and the finish is not a structural part of the wall.

FINISHES

• Paint • Wallpaper • Vinyl Wallcovering • Acoustic Wall Panels • Ceramic Tile

FINISHES: PAINT

Paint Ingredients Include: • Pigment - colour, hiding, bulk. Finely ground natural or synthetic

materials that give paint its color and hiding power. Without pigment, paint will dry to a varnish like finish. The more pigment the less gloss in the paint finish.

• Binders /Resin- binds pigment, adhesion, durability and affects paints film protection.

• Solvent – The ingredient of a paint that dissolves the binder and keeps the paint liquid until it dries. Also called the liquid. In latex paints the solvent is water, while in oil-based paints the solvent is typically mineral spirits.

• Additives – various components to improve the paint with certain attributes. They can improve paint life within container and paint application on substrate. These include mildewcides, thickeners (rheology modifers), surfactants and defoamers.

Paint Types: •Water based – uses vinyl or acrylic resins as binders. Acrylic is better in durability. Typically odor free and can be used with water.

•Solvent based – include varnishes, shellac (like the manicure) silicone and urethane. Application is more of a stain, shows material below. Strong odor.

•Epoxy Paint – very durable, resistant to corrosion and chemicals. Extremely strong odor. Adheres to concrete, metal and wood. High performance.

•Polyurethane Paint – superior resistance to abrasion, grease, water and fuel. High gloss finish, glasslike sheen. Strong odor.

FINISHES: PAINT

Paint Finishes: •Flat – highest PVC (Pigment Volume Concentration) levels. Rich appearance, soft looking surface. Used where less glare is requited.

•Eggshell- (Pearl or Satin) – Lower PVCs, slightly higher light reflections. Moderately scrubbable. Used in moderately trafficked rooms.

•Semi Gloss- Next step down in PVC content. Good scrubbability. Used where there is high traffic.

•Gloss or High Gloss – Low PVC paints with a very shiny surface (polyurethane). More likely to show surface imperfections. Finished wall should be Level 4 or 5. Manufacturers: Benjamin Moore, PPG, Sherwin Williams et al

FINISHES: PAINT

Application • Random Match- a type of pattern in which there are no elements

that must line up from strip to strip. Wastes the least amount of material and amounts are easily calculated.

• Straight Match – when the wallcovering has a directional design that must be matched to its adjacent strips. The pattern repeat on this application will require more material than that of a random match.

• Half Drop Match – Design elements drop from one strip to the next by half the distance of the pattern repeat. Every other strip starts at the ceiling line at the same place in the pattern.

FINISHES: WALLPAPER

FINISHES: WALLPAPER

Application • Decorative Layer – Thinnest layer and in most cases consist of inks

applied to intermediate layer. May also have a protective polymer to provide added performance characteristics.

• Intermediate layer - Provides the surface upon which the decorative layer is printed. Provides the background colour and can be any colour depending on the design. It can range in thickness.

• Third Layer – Substrate or backing is the portion that goes against

the wall. Can be a wide variety of materials that range from vinyl, woven to unwoven fabrics, to lighter paper products.

• Sources: Koroseal, Maharam, DesignTex, Knoll et al, Forms and

Surfaces, Ceilings Plus, Armstrong, Modular Arts

FINISHES: WALLPAPER

•Used for both aesthetic and functional reasons.

•Wall panel core materials include- o Polyester batting: upholstered appearance o Fiberglass blanket: acoustical absorption o Fiberglass board: tackable, some acoustic benefit o Mineral fiberboard: impact resistance, can be acoustically

perforated

FINISHES: ACOUSTIC PANELS

FINISHES: ACOUSTIC PANELS

FINISHES: ACOUSTIC PANELS

FINISHES: ACOUSTIC PANELS

Ceramic tile types, sizes, and standards vary greatly. Despite this variety, there are basically two methods of installation: •Thin-set •Full mortar bed

FINISHES: TILE

Thin Set • Used in light commercial installation

such as kitchens, toilet rooms, and showers as well as dry areas.

• It should not be subjected to continuous wetting.

• Practical for minimum wall thickness and moderate cost consideration.

FINISHES: TILE

TYPICAL THIN SET

RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS

NOTE: THERE ARE MYRIAD VARIATIONS OF TILE INSTALLATIONS THAT DEPENDS ON HOW THE SPACE IS USED. THE TILE CONTRACTORS OF NORTH AMERICA (TCNA) HANDBOOK IS USUALLY A GOOD START.

FINISHES: TILE

•Supporting partition could be masonry or studs. •In commercial application it will be metal studs. •Water resistant gypsum wallboard is recommended if light wetting will occur. For heavy areas, reinforced cement board is used. •Glass mesh should be used instead of GWB if more intense moisture will occur. •Thin –set application will used dry set or latex Portland mortar in its application.

FINISHES: TILE

•More durable than thin set •Uses a thick bed of cured mortar. •Commercial application in either a dry or limited wet Exposure. •Waterproof membrane added to the assembly if tile will be continuously wet. •Substrate can also be masonry, concrete or wood stud partitions as long as the weight allows.

FINISHES: TILE

FINISHES: TILE