largest _________ (21 ft 2 in adult, weighs about 8 lbs) usually attaches to _________ (exception:...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 5THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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MISCELLANEOUS
Largest _________ (21 ft2 in adult, weighs about 8 lbs)
Usually attaches to _________ (exception: flexion creases)
Thinnest layer? (0.5mm) _______________ Thickest layer? (4.0mm) _________________
Why a system?
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STRUCTURE OF SKIN
Epidermis – stratified ____________; stratum basale (cell __________); stratum corneum (keratinized); Langerhans cells (___________ cells, APCs); melanocytes (roughly ________ # in everyone)
Dermis – loose and ___________connective; dermal papillae epidermal ridges (f_______, surface area); elastin/collagen; blood vessels; receptors for t______, pr________, p_______, and temp.; hair ____________; sweat glands; sebaceous glands (produce _________)
Subcutaneous (Hypodermis) – loose connective and ____________ (insulates; excessive amounts = obesity)
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STRUCTURE OF SKIN
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EPIDERMIS
Notice all of the bacteria.
Stratum corneum. Notice how the squamous cells form a protective scale-like layer (~15-20 cells thick).
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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)
Develops from hair ___________ (cuticle cells of hair and cuticle cells of follicle grow in __________ directions – keeps hair from _________ _______)
Three phases of hair follicle cycling: Anagen – growth (2-8 years; genetically determined) Catagen – transition (2-3 weeks; end of ______; cut
off from ___________ supply) Telogen – rest (about 3 months, then hair _______
out; about 50-150 shed/day) As the hair grows, __________ digest sheath
around hair shaft at skin’s surface Sebaceous gland and arrector ______
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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)
Hair
Notice how the cells grow in opposite directions.
Hair Magnified (3:12)
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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (HAIR)
Color of hair is controlled and affected by ________. Albinism is a genetic ___________ that
prevents the production of _____________ within melanocytes.
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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (NAILS)
Nails – nail root; nail bed; nail body (plate); lunula; cuticle; made mostly of k_____________ cells; grow __________ on the hand you use – Why?
Condition of nails can provide clues to underlying ____________ (color, shape, presence of lines on nail body)
What’s the cause of the white spots? Should we worry about them? Will they kill us?!?!
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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES (SWEAT GLANDS)
Sweat glands – most concentrated on ____________ (Why?); apocrine (empty into _______ _________); eccrine (empty onto ________ ____________); ceruminous glands (cerumen, wet/dry); mammary glands (modified sweat glands that secrete __________)
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
Protection from physical ____________ Protection from ___________ invasion Prevents __________ loss/gain Synthesis of vitamin ____ (in presence
of light) Regulation of body __________________
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TEMP REGULATION
Heat arises from breakdown of _______ose and ATP (heat is absorbed by __________); vasodilation; vasoconstriction; sweating; contraction of _____________ pili; hyperthermia; hypothermia; fever – benefits?
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DISORDERS
Athlete’s foot: _________ infection Impetigo: ____________ infection; usually S.
aureus Furuncles/carbuncles: inflammation of hair
____________ and ________________ glands; ______________ infection; can become severe in people with d___________; S. aureus
Eczema/psoriasis: overactive ______ ___________
Dandruff: increased keratinization Urticaria: hives; ______________ reaction How to become a dermatologist (3:36)
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DISORDERS
Athlete’s Foot (fungal infection)
Impetigo (bacterial infection)
Carbuncle in diabetic (bacterial)
Furuncle/boil (bacterial)
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DISORDERS
Urticaria/hives (allergic reaction)
Eczema (overactive cell division; skin irritant)
Psoriasis(overactive cell division; genetic)
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CANCERS
Melanoma – due to _____; malignant; cancer of ____________; arises from _________; ~8000 deaths per year in US, ~50,000 worldwide
Basal cell carcinoma – due to _____; ___________ tumor in basal cells of epidermis
Squamous cell carcinoma – due to _____; usually ___________; found in ____________ cells of epidermis
Moles – benign overgrowth of melanocytes Warts – not tumors; _________ infection (HPV:
human papillomaviruses - nearly 200 of them; a few are oncoviruses)
Treeman (7:31) Treeman after surgery (1:53)
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CANCERS
Melanoma on Skin
Melanoma on the iris
Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma Animation (3:01)
Melanoma Video (5:04)
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MELANOMA SURGERY
Photos courtesy of Josie Harrington, former student
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BURNS
1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th degree
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
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BURNS
Rule of nines Used to
determine the _________ of a burn
Expressed in _____
What is its purpose?
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WOUND HEALING
wound clot scab WBC work fibroblasts make new tissue scar
Benefits of a wound-healing medication Wound Healing Process (4
:06)How wounds heal (4:00)
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AGING
Dermis thins; epidermis becomes _________; less ___________ in subcutaneous; less collagen and elastin (reduced flexibility); difficulty maintaining temp. _______________; fewer hair __________; less sebaceous glands (cracking due to less __________); fewer ______________ (blotchy pigmentation); gray hair – Why?
Age spots (UV damage)M
eet
Mrs
. Tin
ker!