lecture 7 our sun ecologyfloydmodelhigh.sharpschool.net/userfiles/servers... · 1 zintroduction...
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IntroductionGeorge Wong, mycologist
Office Hour: TBATBAOffice: St. John 612BSt. John 612BTelephone: X63940X63940Email: biol101@[email protected]
Mushroom
EcologyEcologyHow organisms interact with each other and their physical environment.Includes relationship between people and environment.
Lecture 7Lecture 7 Our SunOur Sun
All energy comes from the sun!
Food ChainFood Chain
Food ChainFood Chain
Circle of LifeMufasa: Everything you see exists together, in
a delicate balance. As king, you need to understand that balance, and respect all the creatures-- from the crawling ant to the leaping antelope.
Simba: But, Dad, don't we eat the antelope?
Mufasa: Yes, Simba, but let me explain. When we die, our bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass. And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life.
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BiomesBiomes
Earth can be divided into BiomesBiomes
Today’s Lecture:Today’s Lecture: Biome CharacteristicsBiome Characteristics
Occupy large regionsPlants & animalsHave specific climate with similar plants and animal adaptations
Species composition is not the same in different areasSpecies composition is not the same in different areas
DesertsDeserts
Australia
California
Morocco
Tunisia
Categories of Biome
TundraTaigaGrasslandsDesertsDeciduous ForestsTropical Rainforests
ChaparralSavannaTropical DeciduousRain Forest
Primary Biomes Other Biomes
Division into Biomes
Latitudes define some biomes
Latitude determines temperatures
ArcticArctic Circle
Temperate Tropic of Cancer
Tropical
Tropic of CapricornTemperate
Antarctic CircleAntarctic
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Tundra Biome Characteristics of Tundra BiomeTundra Biome
Found only in Northern HemisphereVery short growing seasonMosses, lichens, sedges, no trees
TundraTundra Tundra PlantsTundra Plants
Characteristics of Tundra BiomeTundra Biome
Permafrost layerAbundant water (wet sponge)
waterVegetation –“carpet”
permafrost
soil
soil
Characteristics of Tundra BiomeTundra Biome
Permafrost restricts root growth.Reason for small plants.
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More Tundra PicturesMore Tundra Pictures More Tundra PictureMore Tundra Picture
Characteristics of Tundra BiomeTundra Biome
Some animals in the TundraLemmingsArctic FoxSnowy OwlCaribou LemmingsLemmings
lemmings
Lemming Lemming ComicComic
Arctic Fox Arctic Fox PicturePicture
Arctic Fox
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Snowy Owl PictureSnowy Owl Picture
snowyowl
Caribou PictureCaribou Picture
caribou
Taiga BiomeTaiga Biome Characteristics of Taiga Biome
Snow: cone shaped trees
Evergreen conifers
Seasonal cycle: migrations
Abundant, open water
Nutrient rich soils
Taiga Picture Taiga Picture
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Moose
moose
Lynx
lynx
Snowshoe hare
Snowshoe hare
Grasslands Biome
Names: Steppe, prairie, plain, etc.
Temperate & tropics similar
Unbroken sea of grass
Grazing adapted plants
Fires important: no trees?
Grasslands BiomeGrasslands Biome
Prairie dogs
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bison
giraffes
Desert BiomeDesert Biome
Widely spaced plants
Spiny and succulents plants
Many types of animals, well adapted
Desert Biome
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Desert Biome
Spade-foot ToadsSpade-foot Toads
playa (temporary lake)
Deciduous Forest BiomeDeciduous Forest Biome Deciduous Forest Biome
Broadleaf plants; seasonal
Complex biome
Good canopy & understory
Fairly rich soils; productive
Early settlers used land for agriculture, but abandoned.
deer
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black bear
Tropical Rainforest BiomeTropical Rainforest Biome
Large number of speciesTall, stratified tree canopy= dark on forest floor (seedlings?)Good drainageRapid decomposition = nutrients in plants
Tropical Rainforest Biome
Understory
Canopy layer
Emergent layer
Forest floor
Heavily modified by human activityExample: US grasslands barely exist.Mostly has been taken over by agriculture.So Biomes defined by potential, not actual plants & animals
BiomesBiomes
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Defined by climate of region
Combination of temperature & rainfall most important factors.
Biomes cold
hot
dry wet
tundra
taiga
dese
rt
gras
slan
d
deci
duou
s
rain
fore
st
Questions
1. Another name for the grassland biome is:
2. The area used as the basis for defining a biome is:
3. Water in the soil in tundra regions:
4. In which of these biomes would you expect to find the fewest trees?
5. Which of these biomes is likely to have the largest percentage of its area covered by water?
6. Grassland climates:
7. Rich understory vegetation:
8. The spatial extent of each biome is primarily determined by:
Questions
9. Gould argues that the gravel deposits studied by Buckland as evidence of "Noah's flood”
10.Gould uses Buckland (in The Freezing of Noah) to show that a good scientist, when a theory they have proposed is shown to be wrong,:
Questions