lecture 27 biology of mental disorders. symptoms of schizophrenia bizarre disturbances in thought...
TRANSCRIPT
Lecture 27
Biology of Mental Disorders
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Bizarre disturbances in thought (dissociative thinking)
• Paranoid and grandiose delusions
• Auditory hallucinations
• Odd array of emotional changes
Dopamine hypothesis and schizophrenia
• Amphetamine psychosis
• Antipsychotic drugs
• Parkinson’s disease
• Psychotogen hypothesis
Autism
• Social isolation
• Stereotyped behaviors
• Resistance to change in routine
• Abnormal sensory responses
• Insensitivity to pain
• Inappropriate emotional expressions
• Disturbances of movement
• Speech deficits
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
• Hyperactivity and inattentiveness
• More likely in boys than girls
• Treated with ritalin – a dopamine reuptake inhibitor
• May have a genetic link….?
• No gross brain differences, although volume is about 4% less than normal. Also reduced blood volume in the basal ganglia
Depression
• Unhappy mood rather than sadness
• Unipolar vs. Bipolar disorders
• Lithium can help relieve symptoms of BP
• Monoamine hypothesis of depression
Drugs used to treat depression
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (inhibit the enzyme that breaks down 5-HT, NE, and DA)
• Tricyclics and heterocyclics (inhibits reuptake
• Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Marplan, Nardil, Parnate
• Elavil, Wellbutrin, Aventyl, Norpramin
• Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
Sex differences and depression
• Help seeking patterns
• Psychosocial reasons
• Genetic
• Endocrine physiology
Anxiety Disorders
• Phobic disorders
• Anxiety states
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Left orbital gyrus
• Caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia
• Serotonin and OCD….??
Prions, mad cows, and Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease
• “scrapie”
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease)