lecture 2 history of air transport

7/25/2019 Lecture 2 History of Air Transport

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History of Air Transport December 17, 1903

First powered flight in a heavier than air aircraft known to man.

Orville Wright propelled himself through the air a distance of 35 m near

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USA. 1914 1918

During the world war Zeppelin aero planes were freely used byGermans for passenger transport

May 1918 Long distance air mail service was introduced between Washington and

New York

1918

First international air service was started between Toulouse in France

and Barcelona in Spain August 27, 1939

First jet flight was made in Germany. The jet aircraft was manufacturedby Heinkel Aircraft Company in Germany


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First Flight by Wright Brothers


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Zeppelin Aircraft

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppelin


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History of Air Transport 1911

Recorded as beginning of air flight in India by HenriPiquet, a French man. This flight was betweenAllahabad and Naini Junction (7 km)

1912

Opening of first domestic air route between Karachiand Delhi by the Indian State Air Service incollaboration with the Imperial Airways, UK

1932 Tata airlines, the first India Airline, was founded by

JRD Tata who himself piloted its inaugural flight.


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History and Organisation of Air Transport

1945: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) wasformed with the following functions:

Regulatory functions such as air worthiness of aircraft, licensing ofpersonnel, investigation of incidents/accidents, bilateral matters,approval of tariffs/schedules etc.

Till the formation of other bodies, DGCA had also looked after the

administration of airports and provision of navigational andcommunication facilities at the airports

At the time of independence the following eight airlineswere operating:

Tata Airlines Indian National Airways

Air Service of India Deccan Airways

Ambica Airways Bharat Airways and

Mistry Airways Orient Airways (shifted to Pakistan)


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1953

Airline industry was completely nationalized and Indian Airlines and AirIndia (earlier Tata Airline) were formed as public sector organizations

1972

International Airport Authority of India (IAAI) was set up for operation,management, planning and development of the four internationalairports

1978 Bureau of Civil Aviation Security was formed as a cell in the DGCA for

coordinating, monitoring, inspecting and training personnel in civilaviation security matters. BCAS was reorganized into an independentDepartment under Ministry of Civil Aviation since 1987

1985

Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Academy was created to cater to thefinely honed flying skills and the technical experience required by

modern pilots



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1986

National Airports Authority (NAA) was set up for administering thedomestic airports other than the four international airports

NAAs function was also to provide navigational and communicationfacilities at all airports including the four international airports

1995

Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed by merging IAAI and NAAwith a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion andmodernization of the airports.

2000

Security functions at all airports were taken over by CISF. Earlier the

security functions were performed by the police personnel requisitionedfrom State Governments



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Requirement of Civil Aviation

Building of airports to accepted internationalstandards

Establishment of standard navigational aids

Setting up of a world wide weather reportingsystem

Standardization of operational practices tominimize the possibility of error ormisunderstanding


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International Civil Aviation Organization

ICAO was established in 1947 with headquarters at Montreal,Canada

Is a specialized agency of United Nations

Ensure safety and orderly growth of civil aviation throughout theworld

Encourage the art of aircraft design and operation for peaceful

purposes Encourage development of airways, airports and air navigational

facilities for international aviation

Meet the needs of the people of the world for safe, regular, efficient

and economic air transport Prevent economic waste by unreasonable competition

Ensure the rights of the contracting nations and avoid discrimination

Promote safety and development


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International Civil Aviation Organization

The international design standards and recommended practicesprescribed by ICAO are applicable to all airports serving

international air commerce

At present 189 nations are the members of ICAO

ICAO has two bodies, viz., Assembly and the Council

Assembly composed of representatives from all the contractingnations is a sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years

The Council is the governing body with 36 members. Thesemembers are elected by the assembly for a three year term.


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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was

formed in 1958 for administering airportsin USA

The FAA develops, directs and fosters thecoordination of a national system of airports

It also develops and establishes standards

FAA


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Aircraft Characteristics Type of Propulsion

Size of Aircraft Minimum Turning Radius

Minimum Circling Radius Speed of Aircraft

Capacity of Aircraft

Aircraft Weight and Wheel Configuration Jet Blast and Noise


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Type of Propulsion Propeller driven Piston Engine (P)

Thrust is generated by propeller which is powered by gasoline fed

reciprocating engine (Cesna Aircrafts) Turbo Prop (TP)

Thrust is generated by propeller which is powered by turbine engine. Itsturbine uses almost all the engine's energy to turn its compressor andpropeller, and it depends on the propeller for thrust, rather than on thehigh-velocity gases going out of the exhaust. (ATR, Dornier)

Turbo Jet (TJ) Dont depend on propeller for thrust. Thrust is directly obtained from

turbine engines (Concorde)

Turbo Fan (TF) Similar to turbo jet, but with a small fan attached to the turbine engine.

The fan causes more air to flow around (bypass) the engine. Thisproduces greater thrust and reduces specific fuel consumption. Thispropulsion system is the most efficient. (most of the present dayprincipal transport aircrfats Airbus, Boeng, McDonnell-Douglas)


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Turbo Prop


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Turbojet


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Turbo Fan

lecture 2 history of air transport

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