Lecture 16: The Russian Response to 911, and the Chechenya “Terrorism”

12th March 2003 (Wednesday)

Announcements on Guest Speakers

Israel Consul General Eli Avidar The Israeli-Palestinian Issue Lecture 19: 19th March 2003 (Wednesda

y) Welcome to sign up for lunch afterwards

Indian Consul Goel The “Mini Cold War” in the Subcontinent Lecture 25: 31st March 2003 (Monday) Welcome to sign up for lunch afterwards

Session Rearrangement

T1: 10:00-11:00am Room 4333 [s] (permanent) T2A: 11:00-11:50am Room 1403 [k] T2B: 11:00-11:50am Room 2304 [s] (permanent) T3A: 12:00-12:50pm Room 4472 [k] T3B: 12:00-12:50pm Room 3301A [s]

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Structure of Lecture 16: Introduction to Russia:

From a Superpower to a Normal Power

Chechenya: Why does Russia bother? Russian Response at 911 The Moscow Theatre Terrorist Attack:

A Case to Review the Russian Response: Success or Failure?

Conclusion: Double Standard The Concept of Mutual-Terrorism The Concept of Passively-Concerted Glo

bal Terrorism

PART IIntroduction to Russia:

From a Superpower to a “Normal Power”

The Glorious Days of the Czarist Russia

The Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Peter the Great (1689-1725)

Complete Westernization Regent Sophia and the Wild Story

Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Largest Country in the World The Everlasting Horse Scandal

Death of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917) The Myth of Princess Anastasia

…as a Superpower

October Revolution (1917) Lenin (1917-1924)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR, 1918-1991) Joseph Stalin (1924-1953) Cold War: One of the 2

Superpowers (1945-1991) Khrushchev (1954-1964) and

Brezhnev (1964-1982) The “Evil Empire”

The Soviet Dissolution (1991)

President Mikhail Gorbachev

(1985-1991) Perestroika (Restructuring) Glasnost (Openness)

USSR 15 Independent Countries Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan,

Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

The Map of Russian Federation

The Russian Federation:Nostalgia & Internal Turmoil

President Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999)

Economic Downfall Separatist Movements

Chechenya, Tartarstan, Vladivostok…

Crime Rate and International Black Hand Societies

The Russian Federation:External Bandwagon to USA

Soviet Compromise in the First Gulf War (1990)

NATO Expansion into the Backyard

NATO Vs Yugoslavia: Attack on Russia’s

Last Reliable Ally The Collective Coup

of Eastern Europe

Mission Impossible ofPresident Putin

President Vladimir Putin (2000- )

The Trauma and Stigma of the Ex-Superpower The Same Syndrome of

Britain Alla Bajanova: “Those Were

the Days”

PART IIChechenya:

Russia’s Nightmare

Chechenya: A Brief History

Caucasus People: The “Warlike Tribe”

Catherine the Great (1762-1796):

The “Greek Plan”: to Annex All the Territories from Chechenya to Athens

The 3 Great Disasters of Chechen History

Chechenya in USSR

1924: The Soviet Annexation

WWII: The Siberian Exodus

1980s: Rise of Separatism and Decentralization

Soviet Dissolution (1991)

“Chechenya Independence”

1990: Declaration of Independence President Dudayev

Russo-Chechen Wars Wars between an Ex-superpower a

nd a 300-year-old Fighter Capture of Grozny: the Grozny Mas

sacre & the Nanjing Massacre Guerilla Warfare Never Stooped

PART III Immediate Russian

Response at 911

“Putin’s Opportunity”

Bridget Kendall: “Putin’s Opportunity.”

“Russo-American Alliance against Terrorism”

(1) Revival of Superpower Status Reminder of its Existence

(2) Targeting against Chechenya American Spiritual Support Dash Humanitarian Opposition Western Comment on the Che

chen Independence Movement: “Inhumane”

Russian Contribution to the War against Taliban

Band C Member in the Anti-Terror Coalition

Exchange of Intelligence Supply Service on the

Battlefield Promise to Back the Northern

Alliance against the Taliban “Yellow Light” to the 5

Central Asian Republics

Soviet-Afghanistan War (1979-1988)

Soviet Leader Brezhnev Fall of the Superpower

Share of Soviet Guerilla Experience in Afghanistan with the USA

Convinced the USA that Afghanistan is Very Difficult to be Conquered

The Bush Comment on the Soviet Strategy after December 2002…

Opportunity Costs

External Opportunity Cost: 5 Central Asian Republics Voluntarily Invite

d the American Presence after 911 Residence of American Army in Afghanistan Russian Privileges in the Iraqi Oil Field

Internal Opportunity Cost: Precedence of American Endorsement in C

hechenya: What if America not approves in the future?

Cutting the Cost: the Russian Veto?

Franco-German-Russian Alliance “The First Alliance Transcending the Cold War

Ideology” Veto in the United Nations?

Oil Contracts in Iraq? BUT… Terminated by Saddam Hussein before the 2nd

Gulf War International Prestige? BUT…

Comparison with the Internal Russian Pressure during the NATO Intervention on Kosovo Civil War

Just to Cut the Opportunity Cost!

PART IV The Moscow Theatre Terrorist

Attack (25 Oct 2002) – A Case Study

Moscow Theatre Terrorist Attack(25th October 2002)

40 Chechen Guerilla Members Raided a Moscow Opera Theatre

700s Hostages Russia Army used Poisonous

Gas 40 Guerilla Members all Died 115 Hostages Died George W Bush:

Praised Putin as “Decisive”

A Proof of Putin’s Success?

International Rally with Putin After Cold War: The Western World use

d Chechenya to criticize the Russian Human Rights

Same as Criticizing the Chinese Human Rights

Gone

American Denunciation of Chechenya After WWII: Central Intelligence Agency

(CIA) supported Chechenya secretly Gone

A Proof of Putin’s Failure?

Continuation of American Expansion into the Central Asian “Backyard” of Russia

Offer of American Help in the Trivial Internal Issue: What if the American troops “h

elped” Russia by stationing at Moscow?

Irony to a Ex-superpower Back to the USSR?!

Assigned Readings

Bridget Kendall: “Putin’s Opportunity.” The Day That Shock the World: Understanding

September 11th. Ed. Jenny Baxter and Malcolm Downing. London: BBC, 2001. P.159-174.

Supplementary Text

Russell, John. “Options for Chechenya in the Post-September 11 World.”

PSA Specialist Group on Communist and Post-Communist Politics, Annual Conference. June 2002. (on Class Webpage)

PART V: Conclusion – The Double Standard,

Mutual-Terrorism & Passively Concerted Global Terrorism

Pre-911 Definition of the Chechenya War in the West

“Russian Suppression of Ethnic Determination”

“Ethnic Determination”: Every Ethnic Group has the Right to Decide

upon their own Future, including to Declare Complete Independence

A Democratic Concept A Universal Concept

Russia Vs Ethnic Determination, by Brutal Means Russia: Still a Totalitarian State

Post-911 Definition of the Chechenya War in the West

Ethnic Determination: Less important than Counter-terrorism

USA Embraced the Previously Denounced States From Allied with Countries with “Good”

Human Rights Record To Allied with Countries with “Bad”

Human Rights Record Russia, Uzbekistan, Romania,

Pakistan…

“Chechen Terrorist Attack on Russia”

Bush’s Argument for his Double Standard

Bush’s Logic: Terrorism is a Concerted Effort under a Secret Mastermind East Turkestan, Chechenya, Al Qaeda, Saddam Hussein American’s Diplomatic Revolution to Search for New Allies

Different Terrorisms are Really Under the Same Mastermind? James Bond: Dr. X Austin Powers: Dr. Evil

America’s Cold War Tactic Reconsidered: To Exaggerate the Capability of Your Enemy In order to Facilitate Your Own Expansion

Concept of “Mutual-Terrorism”

The Chechen Terrorist Attack at Moscow Considered as “Terrorism” by th

e Russia People The Russia Suppression of C

hechenya Independence, and the Destruction of Grozny Considered as “State Terrorism”

by the Chechen People If you have to take side, what

would you choose? Bush: Side with the Stronger On

e!

VS

The Passively Concerted Global Terrorism

Separated “t”errorisms Before 911 and the US Counter-terrorism

Concerted “T”errorism after 911 and the US Counter-terrorism

Bush’s Daily Question: Is Counter-terrorism really successf

ul? Is the world safer today after the Co

unter-terrorist Campaign? Obvious Answers, Doubtful Reason

s

~~The End~~

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