Lecture 15May 18, 2014

Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

‘Īd Prayer

‘Īd Prayer • The two ‘Īd’s: ‘Īd al-Fitr (1st of Shawwal) and ‘Īd al-Adha (10th of

Dhu ‘l-Hijjah)• The two ‘Īd prayers are wajib on the one for whom the

Jumu’ah prayer is fard, with same conditions• Except for the khutbah, which is sunnah for ‘Īd

• Time for the ‘Īd prayer begins after the sun has sufficiently risen and lasts until zawal (mid-day)• Better to pray earlier

• The ‘Īd prayer must be performed in congregation• If one misses the ‘Īd prayer, cannot pray by himself

‘Īd Prayer • The ‘Īd prayer consists of 2 rak’at with 6 extra takbirs• Three takbirs given before the recitation of Qur’an in the 1st rak’at

• After reciting the thana’ • Three takbirs given after the recitation of Qur’an in the 2nd rak’at

• Before going into ruku• For each of these six takbirs, the hands are raised as are during

the Takbir Tahrima, and then dropped to one’s side• Imam recites out loud• Sunnah to recite Surat al-’Ala and Surat al-Ghashiya

‘Īd Prayer • The ‘Īd khutbah is sunnah to perform after the ‘Īd prayer• If the ‘Īd khutbah is delivered, wajib to listen attentively• Everything disliked/prohibited during the Jumu’ah khutbah also

applies for the ‘Īd khutbah • The khutbah is delivered similarly to the Jumu’ah khutbah• For ‘Īd al-Fitr, the imam should include teaching the rules

regarding the Sadaqat al-Fitr• For ‘Īd al-Adha, the imam should include teaching the rules of the

sacrifice and the Takbir Tashriq

‘Īd Prayer • Makruh to perform any nafl prayer before the ‘Īd prayer at home

or at the ‘Īd grounds• Makruh to perform nalf prayer after the ‘Īd prayer at the ‘Īd grounds

• The prayer for ‘Īd al-Fitr can be delayed for one day with valid excuse• Ex. Heavy rain, security issues, etc.• If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is invalid

• The prayer for ‘Īd al-Adha can be delayed for three days with valid excuse• If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is makruh but still valid

Sunnahs of ‘Īd• The sunnahs of ‘Īd are:• Keep the night of ‘Īd alive with worship• Eat an odd number of dates or something else sweet

• For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to eat before the prayer• For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to eat after the prayer

• Perform ghusl,, apply scent, use the miswak• Wear one’s finest clothes• To pay the Sadaqat ‘l-Fitr before going for the prayer

• For ‘Īd al-Fitr only• To walk toward the ‘Īd grounds• To recite the takbirs of ‘Īd on the way until before the ‘Īd prayer

• For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to recite silently• For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to recite out loud

• To return home from the prayer by a different route

Takbir Tashriq

• Wajib to recite the Takbir Tashriq after every fard prayer beginning from Fajr of 9th Dhu’l-Hijjah until Asr of 13th Dhu’l-Hijjah• Total of 23 prayers

• Must be recited once immediately after every fard prayer• Including Jumu’ah prayer

• Must be recited by everyone, male or female, whether praying in congregation or by oneself• Women should recite silently

Tarawih

Tarawih• Emphasized sunnah prayer for both men and women during

the nights of Ramadan• Consist of 20 rak’at (performed in sets of two, with 10 sets of

salams)• Valid only after the Isha prayer (until Fajr)• Best to prayer Witr after Tarawih

• To perform in congregation is an emphasized sunnah for men• Sunnah kifaya – communal sunnah

• Recommended to rest after every 4 rak’at • For as much time as was required to perform the 4 rak’at

Tarawih• Sunnah to perform a khatm (complete recitation) of the entire

Qur’an once in the Tarawih prayer• If too burdensome for congregation, can recite shorter lengths of

Qur’an• Should not shorten other parts of the prayer

• i.e. skipping the thana’, basmala, ta’awwudh, etc.

Correcting the Imam

Correcting the Imam• If the imam forgetfully adds a 3rd sajdah• The follower will not follow the imam• Will instead indicate by saying “subhanAllah”• Will then continue prayer with imam and perform sahw with him

• If imam forgetfully stood after the final sitting• Indicate to imam and wait for him to return• If imam returns before performing sajdah of extra rak’at, complete

prayer with imam• If imam performed sajdah of extra rak’at, the follower is now separate

from the imam – give salam individually and exit prayer• Correcting recitation

Janazah and Burial

Last Moments• Sunnah to keep dying person on his right side, facing Qiblah• Or on his back, feet toward Qiblah, head slightly raised• As long as undue difficulty

• Sunnah to perform talqin • Repeatedly reciting shahadatayn (two testimonies of faith) in a

soft voice• Should not command him to recite the shahadatayn

• When the person passes away, his jaws should be closed and fastened, and his eyes should be shut

Du’a• The one closing his eyes should say:

In the name of Allah, and on the way of the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, make his affair smooth for him; ease for him that which is to follow; make him happy by his meeting You; and make that which

he has gone off to better than that which he has left

Washing Body• Next his ‘awrah should be covered, and the rest of his clothing

removed• He will be given a wudu (except for rinsing mouth and nose)• Hair (and beard) are washed with soap and water• Then his body will be washed (ideally thrice)• Body placed on its left side, and body is washed from right to left• Body then placed on right side, and body washed from left to right• Body is then seated, stomach is wiped gently, and a third wash

with pure water is given• Body then dried with a towel

Preparing Body• Hair (and beard) should not be combed• Hair and nails should not be trimmed• Perfume is applied to the hair and beard of men

• Camphor is applied to the body parts used to perform sajdah• Feet, knees, hands, forehead and nose

• Funeral shrouds should be perfumed with incense an odd number of times and wrapped around the body

Burial Shrouds• Sunnah to use white cotton cloth from the quality of that

which they would wear in their life• For men:• Bottom wrap (izar) will extend from the head to the feet• Top wrap (qamis) will extend from base of the neck to the bottom

of the feet• Outer wrap (lifafah) will extend from the head to the feet, long

enough to wrap the entire body and enough extra cloth to tie the shroud

• Turban is makruh

Burial Shrouds• For women:• The izar, qamis and lifafah is the same as for men• Veil (khimar) will cover the face and head• Chest cloth (khirqa) will tie around the chest

• The izar and lifafah are sufficient to fulfil the obligation for a man• The izar, lifafah and khimar are sufficient to fulfil the obligation

for a woman• The bare minimum for both men and women is based on

whatever is available

Janazah Prayer• Janazah prayer is a fard kifayah• Intention is made to pray for the sake of Allah and to

supplicate for the deceased, behind the imam• Body of deceased must be in front of imam• Includes 4 takbirs and final salams• Followers will repeat the takbirs softly• Hands are only raised on the initial takbir• After first takbir, hands will be tied and remain tied for duration

of prayer• All followers will recite du’as softly behind the imam

Janazah Prayer• After first takbir (takbir tahrima): recite the thana’• After second takbir: salawat on the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص• After third takbir: supplication for the deceased• Page 197

• After fourth takbir: the two closing salams will be given behind the imam

Janazah Prayer• Janazah prayer should not be delayed once the person has passed

and the body has been prepared• Disliked to delay for purpose of attracting a larger crowd

• All pre-conditions of normal prayer apply the Janazah prayer• No Qur’an recitation, ruku, sajdah or sitting in Janazah prayer• Can be performed after fard of Fajr or Asr• Should not be performed in other prohibited times (sunrise, sunset and

zenith)• Deceased must be a Muslim• Janazah prayer should not be prayed over certain people

• Janazah prayer does not need to be in congregation

Janazah Prayer• One does not make du’a of forgiveness in the Janazah prayer

(after 3rd takbir) for a child or insane person• Because they are sinless• Instead, du’a is made to seek blessing through them

• A baby in whom the sign of life was seen or heard but died immediately• Will be named, washed, wrapped in shroud, prayed over and

buried• Prayer is not offered for still-born child

Burial• Recommended to move reasonably fast when carrying the body

for burial• Preferable to walk behind the procession• Disliked to make dhikr/recite Qur’an out loud while following• May make dhikr silently, or remain silent

• Disliked to sit before the casket is lowered into grave• Grave should be dug the height of a body • At least half a body

• Can be dug as lahd (an L-shape in the ground) or shaqq (straight down)

Burial• The one lowering the body says: “In the name of Allah, and on

the way of the Messenger of Allah”• Body is directed toward qiblah while on its right side• Knots of the shroud are untied• Mustahabb to hold sheet over the top of the grave for a

woman while body is being placed in it• Grave will be covered with pieces of bamboo, thin wooden

planks or raw bricks, then soil poured over it• Mustahabb to start feet-first with men, head-first with women

Burial• Those present should throw three handfuls of dirt into the

grave, with each handful saying:

• “From it (the earth) We created you”• “And to it We will return you”• “And from it We will raise you once again” – Qur’an 20:55

Burial• After dirt is poured into grave, should be rounded on its top

with an elevation of a hand’s span or more, resembling the hump of a camel

• Recommended to recite Qur’an and make du’a for the deceased• Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 1-5, at the head• Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 285-286, at the feet

Burial• A casket should not be used in the grave• Unless required by law

• Haram to build on the grave for adornment• Permissible to place bricks/stones on top to prevent grave from

being desecrated• Visiting graveyard is a sunnah• Should greet the decased, recite Qur’an and supplicate for the

deceased• Careful to not step on or over any graves

Martyr• A martyr (shahid)is one who is killed by enemy combatants,

rebels or highway brigands, robbers in one’s house, or unjustly by a Muslim with a sharp object

• A martyr will not be washed• Will be buried with his blood and in his clothes• Janazah prayer will be performed over him in this state• Unless he/she was in a state of major ritual impurity upon death

Questions?