Lecture 13May 4, 2014

Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

Breaking Prayer

Breaking the PrayerNecessary to break any prayer:• To respond to a call from someone in an emergency or distress,

to prevent an injury to someone, if someone is in imminent danger, to save a life

Permissible to break any prayer:• To prevent the theft or loss of anything worth at least 1 dirham,

regardless of who the item belongs to• For a shepherd to protect his sheep from a wolf or any threat• For a midwife if she fears the death of the child in birth • For a traveler if fear of highway robbery

Prayer of Traveler

Prayer of Traveler• Watan asli• Permanent residence

• Prayers are never shortened here

• Watan iqama• Temporary residence, where one intends to stay for 15 days or more

• Prayers are not shortened here, unless the person makes intention to travel or intends a new watan iqama

• Safar• State of travelling 48 miles or more away from one’s watan, intending

to stay for 14 days or less• Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’at fard prayers to 2 rak’at

Prayer of Traveler• Distances are measured from the borders of the hometown

and the town where one is travelling to• A person who intends to travel a distance of 48 miles or more will

become a traveler once he passes the limits of his city• A person will become a resident once he crosses the boundaries

of his hometown• Or he makes the intention to remain in any place for 15 days or more

• Intention is necessary for determining one’s status as traveler or resident

Prayer of Traveler• Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’at prayers to 2 rak’at while travelling• If one does not, will be considered makruh tahrim

• If one prays 4 rak’at forgetfully and remembers during the prayer, must perform sajdah sahw

• Sunnah prayers may be left while traveling• 2 rak’at before Fajr are highly emphasized to pray• Once one reaches his destination, should pray one’s sunnah

prayers if possible• Will not be shortened

Prayer of Traveler• Permissible for traveler to pray behind resident imam• Traveler must perform the full prayer

• Permissible for traveler imam to lead resident(s) in prayer• Traveler imam should inform the congregation that he is a traveler,

before and after the prayer• When traveler imam finishes 2 rak’at, resident followers will not say

salams and complete the remaining 2 rak’at• Without reciting any Qur’an

• Any missed prayers while traveling must be shortened when made up, even if no longer traveling• Prayers missed while resident will be made up in full, even if traveling

Prayer of Sick Person

Prayer of Sick Person• If one cannot stand due to sickness/injury, he will perform prayer

while sitting• Performing ruku and sujud as usual

• If cannot perform ruku or sujud sitting, will perform by indicating using his head

• If cannot sit at all, will lie down on back or side with face directed toward Qibla and indicate using his head

• If cannot indicate using head, will postpone the prayer and make it up later• If condition persists for 6 prayers or more, will not need to be made up

• Same ruling for one who loses consciousness/sanity for 6 prayers or more

Missed Prayers of Deceased• Missed prayers due upon a person should be indicated in one’s

will • For the one who passes away without having made up prayers

due upon him, the family should give away one fidyah in charity for each missed fard and witr prayer• Permissible to give multiple fidyah to a single poor person

• One may bequeath up to 1/3 of their wealth to go toward missed prayers

• Not permissible to make up the actual prayers on behalf of the person

Witr Prayer

Witr Prayer• The witr prayer is mandatory (wajib) to pray after the fard of Isha• Consists of 3 rak’at, prayer together with one set of salams• In the 3rd rak’at, it is mandatory to recite Al-Fatiha then one

additional surah• Afterward, one says “Allahu akbar” while raising the hands in the

same manner as the Takbir Tahrima (raising hands is sunnah)• One then remains standing and recites the qunut (mandatory)

silently, then completes the rest of the prayer • If one forgets to recite the qunut, should perform sajdah sahw

• Prayed in congregation only in Ramadan

Sajdah Sahw

Sajdah Sahw• Sajdah sahw is mandatory (waib) when one• Unintentionally misses a wajib during prayer• Delays a wajib during prayer• Delays a fard during prayer

• If a wajib is intentionally left, wajib to repeat the prayer

• After reciting tashahhud in final sitting• Perform single salam to right• Recite takbir and perform 2 normal sujud• Perform the final sitting from beginning and complete prayer as

normal

Sajdah Sahw• If forget to perform sahw• If still sitting in place of prayer without having performed any

non-prayer actions• Immediately perform the sajdah of sahw and finish the prayer as

usual• Otherwise wajib to repeat the prayer within its time

• When praying behind imam:• Only perform sahw if imam does, regardless of any mistakes you

made during prayer• Unless you joined prayer late and made mistake individually after

imam completed his prayer

Sajdah Sahw• Examples of acts which require sahw:• Reciting Al-Fatihah twice• Forgetting additional surah in first 2 rak’at of fard prayer• Forgetting additional surah in any rak’at of non-fard prayer• Performing extra ruku or sajdah• Standing after first sajdah (missed sajdah must be made up)• Reciting past tashahhud in any non-final sitting• Forgetting to recite qunut in witr• Recitation of imam counter to soft/loud ruling

Sajdah Sahw• Examples of acts which do not require sahw• Reciting additional surah after Fatihah in 3rd or 4th rak’at of fard

prayer• Repeating same surah in consecutive rak’at of fard/wajib prayer• Leaving the thana, ta’awwudh, tasbihat in ruku/sajdah• Reciting something else in place of Al-Fatihah in 3rd or 4th rak’at of

fard prayer

Emphasized Sunnah Prayers

Sunnah Prayers• Emphasized sunnah – these prayers are close to the ruling of

mandatory (wajib) in regard to sin, as leaving emphasized sunnahs persistently without excuse entails serious blame and misguidance

• Emphasized sunnah prayers:• Fajr time: 2 rak’at before fard (*most emphasized, close to wajib)• Dhuhr time: 4 rak’at before fard, 2 rak’at after fard• Asr time: none• Maghrib time: 2 rak’at after fard• Isha time: 2 rak’at after fard• Jumu’ah: 4 rak’at before fard, 4 rak’at after fard, 2 rak’at after

Mustahabb PrayersMustahabb prayers:• 4 rak’at before Asr• 4 rak’at before Isha• 4 rak’at after Isha• 6-20 rak’at after Maghrib (salat al-awabin)• 2 rak’at to greet the mosque (tahiyyat al-masjid)• 2 rak’at after performing wudu• 4-12 rak’at of late morning prayer (salat al-ishraq/ad-duha)

Mustahabb Prayers• Any voluntary (nafl) prayer• Prayer of making a decision (salat al-istikhara)• Prayer of need (salat al-haja)• Night prayer before the two ‘Id• Night prayer during last ten nights of Ramadan• Night prayer during first ten nights of Dhu’l-Hijjah• Night prayer of the 15th of Sha’ban

Questions?