lecture 1: ocn400 chemical oceanography prof: jim murray ta: nemiah ladd
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Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TA: Nemiah Ladd Introduce Murray and Ladd 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges) 4. Course web site: http: // www.ocean.washington.edu /courses/oc400/ 4. Themes for course - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography
Prof: Jim MurrayTAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael1. Introduce Murray2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges)4. Course web site: http://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/geol330/5. Themes for course6. What do we want students to be able to do?7. How will we know what they can do?
Problem Sets (7), Paper Discussions (5), Mid-Term (1)8. Course Activities / Materials9. Greatest Challenges for Students
Four Main Themes
1.Global Carbon Cycle2.Are humans changing the chemistry of the ocean?3.What are chemical controls and tracers for biological production?4. What is the fate of organic matter made by biological production?
Quantitative Tools to Master
1. Equilibrium Calculations (carbonate system, speciation, solubility, oxidation-reduction reactions)
2. Stable and Radioactive Isotopes (mass balance equations, decay equations, secular equilibrium)
3. Simple Box Model approaches and fluxes (e.g., gas exchange, primary new and export production, sedimentation)4. What controls the global systems of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen.5. Reading and Discussion of the literature
Global Carbon Cycle
Global Carbon Cycle
Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE
Reservoirs and Fluxes
Mauna Loa CO2 record – Started by David Keeling (SIO)
NOAA-ERL Data
Latest CO2 Reading399.00 ppmJuly, 2014
Source of anthropogenic CO2
Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC
(BP 1950)
Projected (2100)
Current (2001)
CO
2 Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pmv)
Vostok RecordLaw Dome RecordMauna Loa RecordIPCC IS92a Scenario
Carbon TrackerAtmospheric CO2 from 800,000 years ago to the present
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbgUE04Y-Xg
Are Humans Changing the Compositionof the Ocean?
Yes, in may ways!
Examples include:Ocean AcidificationLead and Mercury distributionsNitrate distributionsFukushima radionuclides
Because the ocean mixes slowly, half of the anthropogenic CO2 stored in the oceans is found in the upper 10% of the ocean.
Sabine et al. Science (2004)
Global Anthropogenic CO2 Inventory = 118±19 Pg C
Rate of Change in Inventory of anthropogenic CO2
Chemistry, Biology and Circulation
Nitrate concentrations High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll
regions:
Fate of Organic Matter
Source: JGOFS / IGBP
CO2
PreindustrialCO2:
maximumstrength biopump: 160 ppm
PreindustrialCO2:
Physical pumpalone: 400 ppm
Oceanic Primary Production: Sept. 97 – Aug. 98
CO2 CO2
Biological Pump Physical (solubility) Pump