lecture 1: ap style & grammar
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TRANSCRIPT
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AP style/grammar workshop
Jennifer Cox
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objectives
• Refresher on grammar
• Learn to use the AP Stylebook
• Two worksheets to complete after viewing the lecture1. Grammar
2. AP style
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Common grammar obstacles
• Capitalization
• Subject/verb agreement
• Subject/pronoun agreement
• Possessives & contractions
• Passive voice
• Quotes issues
• Commas (handout)
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capitalization
• Proper nouns:• Noun – people, places & things• Proper noun – specific people, places, & things
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/propernoun.htm
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capitalization
• Titles & sentence ordering:• Only capitalize the title if it comes before a name
WRONG: This class is great, said Jennifer Cox, a Professor.
RIGHT: This class is great, said Jennifer Cox, a professor.
EVEN BETTER: This class is great, Professor Cox said.
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Subject/verb agreement
• A verb must agree with the intended number of its subject
WRONG: This class [singular subject] are [plural verb] great. RIGHT: This class [singular subject] is [singular verb] great.RIGHT: These classes [plural subject] are [plural verb] great.
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Subject/verb agreement
The data is collected
The data are collected
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Subject/verb agreement
The media is great.
The media are great.
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Subject/pronoun agreement
The team must win their game.
The team must win its game.
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Possessives/contractions
• You’re & Your
• It’s & Its
• They’re & Their
• Who’s & Whose
• The governor’s bill & The governors’ bill
• James’s shirt & James’ bike
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Passive voice
• Turning the object of a sentence into the subject of a sentence
• Weakens the impact of your writing
• Makes the reader work harder than he or she should
Why was the road crossed by the chicken?
Why did the chicken cross the road?
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Passive voice
The books were juggled by the accounting firm.
The accounting firm juggled the books.
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Quotes issues
• Punctuation ALWAYS goes inside the quotation marks!
• “said” comes after the name…
• unless there is attributing information attached to it
“This class is great,” said Jennifer Cox, a professor at Salisbury University.
“This class is great,” Professor Cox said.
“This class is great,” said Professor Cox.
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Commas - handout
• Commas in a series
• Independent clauses
• Introductory clauses
• Nonessential clauses
• Commas within quotes or paraphrases
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What is ap style?
• Used by newspaper journalists in the United States as a grammatical guide
• Makes words and items generalizable in all locations
• Used by journalists in all types of writing (print and online)
• Used by PR practitioners to communicate with the press• Press releases• Emails• Media kits
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Ap style – look up
• Proper nouns• Organizations (NASA, CIA, the Y/YMCA)• Peoples’ titles (president, military titles, academic
titles)• Places (states, cities without states [datelines])• Company names
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Ap style
Dimensions• Always use numerals
• He is 6 feet tall.
• He is a 6-foot-tall baseball player.
Ages
• She is 16 years old.
• She is a 16-year-old hockey player.
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Ap style
• Technology words:• website• Internet• email• the Web & Web page• URL• Smartphone
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Ap style - Memorize
• Numbers zero through nine- written out; 10 and up – numerical
• Weird ones:• Dumpster & Realtor
• Toward versus towards
• More than versus over
• Fewer versus less than (individual versus bulk items)
• Under way
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announcements
• Reading for tomorrow: Chapter 1 – Changing News Concepts
• Two worksheets due by 5 p.m. tomorrow
• I will post the answers online after that so you can check your work
• Please tune in for tomorrow’s lecture about hard news writing
• First AP style quiz tomorrow in MyClasses – you must take it by 9 p.m.