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UGPA2233 MaterialsScience and Engineering

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Chapter 1

Introduction - Classification andProperties of Materials, Atomic Structure

and Inter-atomic Bonding

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Lecture 1 

Classifcation and

Properties o Materials

Criteria for Material Selection

Correlation between processing, structure, properties & performance

of materials.

Material Classifications

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aterials Science + Materials Engineerin

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components t$at are involved in design%prodction% and tili'ation of materials.

 Processing  Strctre

 Properties

 Performance

 ($ese components are interrelated. (oscceed in processing  materials )it$ a givenset of properties% it is necessar" to nderstand

t$e !asis of t$e properties from t!e atomicand molecular level  and to nderstand !o"small di#erences in structure  can lead to alarge di#erence in observed properties

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*$at is Processing +

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*$at is Strctre +

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E.g. Copper

S!atomic strctre Atomic strctre

Pre Copper Copper ,-- Slfate

Microscopic strctre Macroscopic strctre

Copper re Copper rods

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*$at is Properties +

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Electrical properties $ response of materials to)ards electric 0eldand depends on t$e presence of imprities and deformation – e.g.Condctivit" and dielectric constant

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%!ermal properties $ response of materials to)ards $eat ortemperatre and depends on strctral c$anges & imprities – e.g.1eat capacit"% t$ermal condctivit" & t$ermal decomposition.

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Magnetic properties $ response of materials to)ardsmagnetic 0eld & depends on t$e composition of nonmetallicelements– e.g. Magnetic storage & permea!ilit".

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&ptical properties $ response of materials to)ards electromagneticor lig$t radiation & depends on strctral c$anges and imprities– e.g.inde of refraction and re4ection% transmittance & a!sor!ance.

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'eteriorative properties $ measre t$e response to environmental factorsinclding moistre% o"gen% v radiation% !acterial activities & depends on t$ec$emical reactivit" – fractre & crac#ing% )eat$ering & ageing in pol"mers andcorrosion.

5rea#ing of pol"merc$ains reslts in

microstrctral c$anges& 0nall" degradation of

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*$at is

Performance +

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Materials

Classi0cationsMetals ( Alloys

Ceramics ( )lasses

&rganic Polymers

Composites

Advanced

Materia

MMC

PMC

CMC

Semiconductor

Materials o

t!e uture

*iomaterials

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Stents

Pie'oelectric ceramicsMagnetostrictive materials

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Smmar"