lec0 computer architecture by hsien-hsin sean lee georgia tech ece -- introduction
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ECE 4100/6100 Advanced Computer Architecture
Lecture 0 Introduction
Prof. Hsien-Hsin Sean LeeSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology
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Course Information• Instructor: Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee ([email protected])• Office: TBD• Online resources:
– www.ece.gatech.edu/~leehs/ECE6100– Constantly updated, check it out regularly– www.tsquare.gatech.edu
• Prerequisite: ECE3055 Computer Organization and Operating System or the equivalent. • Textbook
– Hennessy and PattersonHennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (44thth edition edition), Morgan Kaufmann, 2006. – ((Recommended) Jean-Loup Baer) Jean-Loup Baer, Microprocessor Architecture --- From Simple Pipelines to Chip Multiprocessors. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
• Other teaching materials – Key papers available later in class meetings and course web– Slides & Lectures
Pre-requisite
Textbook
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Course Scope To Learn • Core concept of modern microprocessor
architecture• ISA, performance• Instruction-Level parallelism• Branch prediction and Front-end fetch• Dynamic HW Scheduling Techniques• Memory Hierarchy• Multiprocessors, SMT, Multi-core, Many-core• Cache Coherence and Memory Consistency
Models• Case studies of Commercial Microprocessors • VLIW, EPIC, Static Scheduling • Physical design, emerging trend, technology
integration (if time allowed)
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This course requires a lot of time commitment
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BY THE WAY
This is not really an “Advanced” Computer Architecture class per se
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Grading• 4 Programming Assignments: 60%
– Individual work, no collaboration– TA’s check-off required– Could cause panicking, heartburn, dizziness,
etc.
• Exams – One in-class exams: 15% – One final exam: 25%
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Stack of A Computing ProblemProblems
AlgorithmsProgramming Languages
CompilersISA
MicroArchitecture
System ArchitectureImplementation
Logic and Circuits
Transistors
Manufacturing
Architects’Territory
Apps Trend
TechnologyTrend
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Moore’s Law (a.k.a. Intel’s Roadmap)
Exponential growthExponential growth
42millions
2,250
10 μm13.5mm2
1.7 billionsMontecito
90 nm596 mm2 2
billionsTukwila
65 nm698 mm2
Source: Intel Corp.Source: Intel Corp.
3 billionsNvidia Fermi
@40nm
3.9 billionsAltera Stratix
FPGA @28nm
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Feature Size
Feature size shrinks by 70% per 18 to 24 months
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Feature Size (More Recent)
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Transistor Cost
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Power Density Trend
leakddstdddd IVIVfCVP 2
Source: Intel Corp.
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Google Server Farms (Oregon)
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Heat Dissipation
3D Cooler Pro
Pure copperCooler
jetCooligy’s channel
Source: K. Skadron
Cooking-Aware (or Colwell’s Charcoal-aware) ComputingPS3 Grill
(http://www.therealps2grill.com
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Focus on Computer Architecture
ComputerArchitecture
Technology ProgrammingLanguages
OperatingSystems
History
Applications
(A = F / M)
instruction set
software
hardware
Virtualization
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Instruction Sets
High Performance
Servers
Desktop, Notebook
PC
EmbeddedProcessors
Market Segments
x86PPC Atom
ARMMIPS SH
x86
X86, Itanium, Sparc, Alpha
Present
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Constantly Changing Definition• 50s to 60s: Computer Architecture ~ Computer
Arithmetic
• 70s to mid 80s: Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers
• 90s: Speculation: Predict this, predict that; memory system; I/O system; Multiprocessors; Networks
• 2000s: Power efficiency , Communication, On-die Interconnection Network, Multi-this, Multi-that. (We are here)
• 2015 and beyond: Thousand-core processors, Self adapting systems? Self organizing structures? DNA Systems/Quantum Computing?
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Job Description of a Computer Architect
• Used to be “Performance, performance, performance”• Make trade-off of performance, complexity
effectiveness, power, technology, cost, etc.
New Fads• Availability
– Where you store your photos, emails and shared docs today?– Cloud computing
• Reliability– Toyota blamed soft errors for the sudden acceleration
problem• Security
– Intel acquired McAfee• Power management
– It is about money !
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Job Description of a Computer ArchitectUnderstand application requirements
– General purpose Desktop (Intel, AMD)– Game and multimedia (STI’s Cell, Nvidia, Wii,
Xbox 360)– Embedded and real-time (ARM, Atom, MIPS)– Online transactional processing (OLTP), data
warehouse servers (Sun Fire T2000 (UltraSparc T1), IBM POWER (p690), Google Cluster)
– Scientific (finite element analysis, protein folding, weather forecast, defense related (DE Shaw Anton, IBM BlueGene, Cray T3D/T3E, IBM SP2)
– Sometimes, there is no boundary …