learning targets identify the external parts of the computer identify examples of input devices...
TRANSCRIPT
Learning Targets
• Identify the external parts of the computer
• Identify examples of input devices
• Identify examples of output devices
• Define basic computer terms
Introduction to Computers
• Active Window: The last window you clicked in.
• Alias: An icon that points to a particular file, folder or application in the Macintosh OS.
• Application: A program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application.
• Bit (Binary Digit): The smallest unit of information in a computer.
• Boot Up: To load an operating system into the computer's RAM (Random Access Memory).
• Byte (Binary Term): A unit of storage capable of holding 8 bits.
• CD-R: one time recordable compact disc.
Definitions
• CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory): A read-only storage medium. CD-ROMs contain up to 650MB of information.
• CD-ROM Drive: A device that can read data from a CD-ROM.
• CD-RW: Allows you to read, write, erase,and write again.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor: A microchip containing the logic circuitry that responds to and processes instructions that drive the computer.
• Click and Drag: Press and hold down the left mouse button. Move the mouse pointer to your desired location then release the mouse button.
• Desktop: The main GUI generated by the operating system.
Definitions - Continued
• File name extension: Comes after the period in a file name and indicates the type of information stored in a file.
• Floppy Disk: A portable magnetic storage medium for computer data. Floppy disks typically hold 1.44 MB of information.
• Floppy Disk Drive: A device that reads data from and writes data to a floppy diskette.
• Gigabyte: A measure of electronic holding space. One gigabyte equals 1,073,741,824 bytes.
• Graphical User Interface (GUI): A program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use.
• Hard Drive: The primary storage location on the computer.
Definitions - Continued
• Hardware: The physical components of the computer system.
• Hierarchical File System: A file system that is organized in the shape of a pyramid.
• Icon: A picture or symbol used to represent a file, folder or application/program.
• Input Device: Any device that generates input for the computer.
• Keyboard: An input device used to submit data to the computer.
• Kilobyte: A measure of electronic holding space. One kilobyte equals 1,024 bytes.
• Megabyte: A measure of electronic holding space. One megabyte equals 1,048,576 bytes.
Definitions - continued
• Memory: The electronic holding place for instructions and data that your computer's microprocessor can reach quickly.
• Menu: A list of options from which you can execute commands.
• Monitor: A video or computer display device.
• Mouse: A small hand-controlled input device that relays signals to the computer, which moves a corresponding pointer on the monitor screen.
• Operating System: An application that manages other applications and devices.
• Output Device: Any device that displays information from the computer.
Definitions - continued
• Program: The Windows OS term for an application (see definition above).
• Random Access Memory (RAM): Primary working memory that holds data and instructions while the computer is in use.
• Read Only Memory (ROM): Built in memory that permanently stores instructions and data. (The instructions and data in ROM are created when it is manufactured and cannot be changed.)
• Reboot: To restart a computer.
• Right-click: click and release the right mouse button.
• Shortcut: An icon that points to a particular file, directory or application in Windows OS.
Definitions - continued
• Shutting Down: Clears the computer’s RAM, disengages all peripheral devices, and turns the power off.
• Speaker: A device that translates computer signals into sound.
• USB Flash Drive: A rewritable storage medium which is plugged directly into a computer through a USB port.
• Wildcard: A symbol that allows the user to perform unrestricted find routines in Windows OS.
• Window: A resizable viewing area on a computer display screen in a system that allows multiple viewing areas as part of a graphical user interface (GUI).
• Write-Protected Disk: Physically altering the disk so that changes cannot be made to the files contained on it.
Definitions - concluded
Parts of a Computer
• Computer consists of• Hardware and software working
together to accomplish tasks• Hardware – physical components• Input devices• Output devices• Processor or central processing unit
(CPU)• Memory
Parts of a Computer
Input Devices
• Operation, program or device that transfers date to the computer
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Controlled by the user
Input Devices
Processor
• Translation of signals
• Microchip which contains the logic circuitry that responds to and processes instructions that drive the computer
• The box is commonly referred to as the CPU• Contains microchip• Memory• Removable storage• Additional components
Processor (CPU)
Output Devices
• Machines displaying information from the computer
• Monitor
• Speakers
• Printers
• Controlled by the computer
Output Devices
• Information from input devices
• Output devices deliver the information to the user
• Word on the screen
• Information to the printer to print
• Sound from the speaker
Processor Translations
• Input devices feed information into the computer
• CPU processes the information – the brains of the computer• Limited understanding• Recognizes two digits – the “0” (zero) and
“1”• Binary language• All data stored as 0’s and 1’s
• Output devices translate information back to the user in an easily understood format
How Computers Work
Binary Numbers – Bits & Bytes• 0’s and 1’s are
referred to as bits – the smallest unit of information on a computer
• A byte is a combination of 8 bits
• Bits – like 8 individual building blocks scattered on the floor
• Byte – 8 bits stuck together
• Multiple bytes combined form more complex units of information• Kilobyte (KB) – 1,024 bytes• Megabyte (MB) – 1,048,576 bytes• Gigabyte (GB) – 1,073,741,824 bytes
Building Blocks
• Amount of electronic holding places available for instructions or data
• 16MB of memory – 16,777,216 bytes or 134,217,728 bits
• Hard drives today are sold in gigabyte or terabyte increments
Memory Capacity
Memory
• The computer cycle would not be possible without a holding place for information - MEMORY• Input process output
• Memory – electronic holding place for instructions and data that the microprocessor can easily reach
• Types• RAM – Random Access Memory• ROM – Read Only Memory
Memory
• RAM - Primary working memory that holds data and instructions while the computer is in use• Can be written to and read from • Temporary memory – can be lost if
not saved, can be changed/updated• ROM – built in memory that
permanently stores instructions and data• Cannot be changed
RAM vs ROM
• A place to store data
• Types• Hard drive• USB Flash drive• Compact Disk/DVD
Disks and Storage
• Storage space for documents, old email, and applications
• Protecting the Hard Drive• Never move a computer while it is
on• The hard drive is spinning and
movement could cause the magnetic disks to become scratched
• Shut down computer properly• Regularly perform diagnostic tests
Hard Drive
• CD ROM – read only storage medium, holds 650MB of information• CD-R – one time recordable compact
disk, holds 700MB• CD-RW – allows you to read, write, erase,
and write again, holds 650MB of data• Can be rewritten up to 1000 times;
but the more it is rewritten the less reliable it becomes
Compact Disks/DVD
• Rewritable storage medium which is plugged directly into a computer through a USB port
• Can hold 128MB to 16GB or more of data
USB Flash Drive
• Input devices feed information into the computer
• The CPU process the information
• The output devices translate this information back to the user
• Process would not be possible without the holding place called memory
SUMMARY
Complete the Skyward online assignment related to Introduction to Computers – use the image on the next slide to answer questions
A
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EB
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D