Learn Python the Hard Way

Exercises 1 – 12

http://learnpythonthehardway.org/

Exercise 1: Quotation marks

Which of these will throw an error?

a) print "They wouldn't do that."b) print 'They wouldn't do that.'c) print 'They wouldn\'t do that.'d) print "They wouldn't do that.'

Exercise 2: Comments

Which line is commented out?

a) print "Fourscore and seven years"b) # print "Fourscore"c) print "Eighty years" # this is fourscore years

Which one will print blank lines?

print "Fourscore and seven years ago"##print "Our fathers brought forth"

print "Fourscore and seven years ago"printprintprint "Our fathers brought forth"

1)

2)

Exercise 3: Math

Which one of these would give a different answer than the others?

a) 4 + 6 / 3 + 5b) 4 + (6 / 3) + 5c) (4 + 6) / 3 + 5d) (4 + 6 / 3) + 5e) 4 + (6 / 3 + 5)

PEMDAS

• P ( )• E exponents, e.g. 10**2• M *• D /• A +• S –

But …

PEMDAS is not the whole story

• P ( )• E exponents, e.g. 10**2•MD* / %• AS + –

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

Exercise 4: Math

What is the answer Python will give to all of these?

a) 5 > 10b) 10 < 2c) 1444 < 1443d) 1 > 2

Exercise 4: Math

True or False:< > <= >= == !=

More about True and False to come, in Zed’s exercise 27.

(Note: In Python, these values always start with an uppercase letter.)

Exercise 5: Integers and floats

What is the answer Python will give to this?

1 / 4

Exercise 5: Integers and floats

What is the answer Python will give to this?

1 / 4.0

Learn this!

>>> 1 / 40>>>

integer

>>> 1 / 4.00.25>>>

float

Exercise 6: Modulus

What is the answer Python will give to all of these?

a) 4 % 2b) 10 % 2c) 144 % 12d) 100 % 25

Modulo

The modulus operand is commonly used to find out if a number is odd or even.

%Don’t get confused: In Python, the percent sign (yes, the same character, but used differently) is also used for format strings, as seen first in Exercise 5. (You’ll be seeing even more of that!)

Modulo (also modulus)

What will this return? (That is, what answer will Python give?)

115 % 11

Variables

Variables

Name

apple

Value

Variables

Variables

apple

Variables

Name Value

apple

Variables

Name Value

apple

Variables

Name Value

apple 57

Variables

Name Value

apple

Any questions?

“Format strings”

• %s %d %r %f• Each one is slightly different• They are a kind of shorthand for working with

variables in Python• NOTE! These are NOT variables!• Zed also calls these “format characters”• NOTE! This is NOT modulus!

%r %s %d Not all the same.

Notice how %r in this case returns something very different from %s

String formatting continued

• %s string: use this for text• %d use this for integers (no decimal places)• %f float: shows up to 6 decimal places • %r representation: works for numbers and

strings, but (usually) adds quotation marks *

* Zed says, “The %r is best for debugging.”(But you don’t really know what debugging is.)

The value of “play”

(an essential part of learning to code)

\n newline (line break)\t tab (indent)The backslash \ is “the escape character.”

Putting things together

a = "Mary had a little lamb."b = "Its fleece was white as snow."c = "And everywhere that Mary went"d = "The lamb was sure to go."

print "\n\n%s\n\t%s\n%s\n\t%s\n\n" % (a, b, c, d)

What would happen if the order were changed to: (d, c, b, a)

Running that program …

Escapes

Zed says memorize all of these. I don’t think that’s necessary.But do memorize this:

The backslash \ is the escape character.

Escapes!

raw_input( )

Zed’s exercises 11 and 12 introduce this.

raw_input( )

Learn Python the Hard Way

Exercises 1 – 12

(we’re just getting started)