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KHS Science April 2012

CfE Materials Part 1

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Learning Outcomes


Learning Outcomes&

Practice Questions



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Learning Outcomes



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Learning Outcomes

❒ All substances are made of particles

❒ Particles can be atoms or molecules

❒ Atoms are the smallest particles

❒ Molecules contain a fixed number of atoms joined together

❒ Networks have vast numbers of atoms (too many to count) joined together

❒ Elements contain only one kind of atom

❒ There are about 100 elements

❒ Elements are listed in the Periodic Table

❒ Vertical columns in the Periodic Table are called Groups and represent families of elements with very similar properties.

❒ The family in Group 1 are called the Alkali Metals and are the most reactive metals.

❒ The family in Group 7 are called the Alkali Metals and are the most reactive non-metals.

LiNaKRbCs

FClBrI

At



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Learning Outcomes

❒ Compounds contain two or more types of atoms joined together

❒ Mixtures contain two or more substances but they are not joined to each other

❒ Mixtures can be elements mixed with other elements elements mixed with compounds compounds mixed with compounds

❒ Burning is a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen

❒ Another word for burning is Combustion.

❒ During burning the atoms of a substance will join together with oxygen to form a new substance (compound)

❒ Water is a compound made by joining hydrogen and oxygen together

❒ The formula for water is H2O



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Learning Outcomes

❒ A solid is said to dissolve if it disappears into a liquid and the liquid stays clear

❒ The mixture made when a solid dissolves in a liquid is a solution.

❒ Solids which dissolve in liquids are called soluble.

❒ Solids which do not dissolve in liquids are called insoluble.

❒ A solid is said to be insoluble if it remains lying at the bottom or is floatingintheliquidmakingtheliquidcloudy.

❒ The solid which is dissolving is called the solute.

❒ The liquid which is used to dissolve the solid is called the solvent.

❒ Many chemicals are coloured. If their use depends mainly on their colour then they are often labelled as dyes (soluble) or pigments (insoluble).

❒ Dyes and pigments are used for colouring paint, ink, plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other materials.

❒ The black ink used in pens is actually a mixture of several dyes.

❒ A mixture of dissolved substances can be separated out using a technique called Chromatography



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Learning Outcomes

❒ During Chromatography a solvent rises up the paper.

❒ The different dyes in the mixture dissolve and travel with the solvent.

❒ Some dyes are very soluble and travel almost as fast as the solvent.

❒ Some dyes are less soluble and travel more slowly than the solvent.

❒ The further the solvent goes, the more the dyes separate.

❒ If a different solvent is used then the speed at which the different dyes travel will change. ❒ Air is a mixture of many gases.

❒ Nitrogenmakesupabout⅘ (80%) of the air while oxygenmakesupmostoftheremaining⅕ (20%)

❒ When a substance burns, it removes oxygen from the air.

❒The amount of oxygen in air can be found experimentally by burning phosphorus.

❒As the oxygen is removed, water rises up the cylinder to replace it.

❒% oxygen = x 100

❒A mixture of sand and salt can be easily separated because salt is soluble in water but sand is insoluble.

N2

O2

> 99 %

amount of oxygen amount of air



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Learning Outcomes

Practice QuestionsQ1 Draw lines to connect each Word with its Meaning

Word Meaning

element

compound

mixture

molecule

network

soluble

insoluble

solvent

solute

combustion

Q2 Draw lines to connect the Pictures to the correct Word. (Each word will be used twice)

Element

Compound

Molecule

Network

substances that are not joined together

liquid that is used todissolve something

another word for the burning reaction

substance that is being dissolved

substance that cannotdissolve

unlimited number of atoms joined together

two or more types of atoms joined together

substance that can dissolve

substance made up of only one type of atom

fixednumberofatomsjoined together



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Learning Outcomes

Q3 Calcium metal can be used to produce Hydrogen gas. A few lumps of calcium are dropped into the bottom of a beakerfilledwithwater.

Immediately a glass funnel is placed over the lumps of calcium with the funnel spout pointing upwards. A measuring cylinderfilledwith water is placed over the spout. The funnel traps the bubbles of hydrogen and directs them up into the measuring cylinder,whichfills with hydrogen.

Draw a neat diagram using a ruler (and a stencil, if in school) of the apparatus used in the preparation of hydrogen described above. Label all the chemicals as well as the apparatus.



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Learning Outcomes

Q3 continued A group of pupils decided to investigate how fast the calcium reacts to produce hydrogen. At regular time intervals they measured the volume of hydrogen gas produced.

Here are their results:

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Vol. of gas (cm3) 0 20 38 54 68 80 90 98 98

Draw a graph of their results.



page 10

Learning Outcomes

Q4 Complete the following passage.

TheP____________TablelistsalltheknownE_____________inorder.

There are horizontal rows and vertical columns which are called

G___________andarenumbered1to7withthefinalcolumnsometimes

numbered as 0 or 8.

InthefirstcolumncalledG______1arefoundafamilyofelementscalled

the A___________ M___________. They are the most reactive of all the

M__________ elements.

In the second last column called G_______ 7 are found another family

called The H_____________. They are the most reactive of all the

N____ - M___________ elements.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0



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Learning Outcomes

Q5 a) Give 3 examples of things that do dissolve in water.

b) Give an example of something that doesn’t dissolve in water.

c) Give an example of a liquid, other than water, that can be used to dissolve substances.

d) What word is used to describe liquids that are used to dissolve substances.

Here is a graph showing how the solubility of potassium bromide (KBr) is affected by temperature.

e) As the temperature increases/decreases/stays the same the solubility of potassium bromide (KBr) increases/decreases/stays the same

f) How many grammes of potassium bromide (KBr) would dissolve in 100 g of water at 40°C.

g) How many grammes of potassium bromide (KBr) would dissolve in 50 g of water at 10°C.



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Learning Outcomes

X X X X X X X XWine

1Acid

AAcid

BAcid

CAcid

DAcid

EAcid

FWine

2

Q6 Theacidsfoundinwineareanimportantcomponentinbothwinemaking andthefinaltasteofthewine.Thethreemainacidsfoundinwinegrapes are tartaric, malic and citric but acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acid canallplaysignificantroles.

a) What can you notice about the names of acids?

Chromatography can be used to discover which acids are present in different wines.

b) Which acid is the least soluble?

c) Which acid is the most soluble?

d) Which wine contains the largest number of acids?

e) Which acid or acids were present in both wines?

f) Which acid or acids were not present in either wine?

g) Which acid was present in Wine 1 but not in Wine 2?

h) Which acid was present in Wine 2 but not in Wine 1?

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