Learning for Practice and Policy in

SanitationLeaPPS -towards accelerated

coverage and use in household and school sanitation and hygiene

Version Inception Session-1July 2007

By Jo Smet, IRC Int. Water & Sanitation Centre

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 2

The household sanitation situation in Uganda

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

rural improvedsanitation

urban improvedsanitation

DHS 1988DHS 1995DHS 2001

DHS=Demographic & Health SurveyUganda Bureau of Statistics

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 3

Overall observations Household Sanitation Using DHS data: hardly

coverage increase What about your district

and sub-county? Latrine coverage range (JSR

2006): 2% (Kotido) to 95% (Rukungiri)

Lowest coverage in Northern and North-Eastern districts

No data on use of latrines

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 4

School sanitation and hygiene UPE high increase in enrolment Most Primary Schools separate girls, boys and

teachers latrines Physical and hygienic condition latrines

questionable to poor; cleaning frequency too low for high usage

So privacy older girls not ensured: risk for absenteeism

Urinals only for boys Limited no. of latrines for students with physical

disabilities About 60% of Primary Schools do not have hand

washing facilities; 80% do not have adequate water supply

What about your district and sub-county?

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 5

School sanitation situation:pupils per stance

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

target 1997 JSR-2003

JSR-2005

JSR-2006

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 6

Good practices in UgandaFor instance, Rakai District,Nsumba village (“cleanest in Uganda”) Kabale District, Kigezi Diocese (women groups) Busia District - Dabani sub-county (Local Gov’t

through bye-laws) Gulu District - IDP Camps Health Clubs - CARE HEWASA; VAD; Busoga Trust PPP on Hand-washing campaign Good practices in your district or sub-county,

please share and we all learn

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 7

Enabling environment household and school sanitation and hygiene Adequate policy environment Kampala Declaration on Sanitation (1997): vision, 10 strategic actions

and political will What about support from your councillors? National strategy for financing of Improved Sanitation and Hygiene (ISH) MoU between ministries dealing with water, sanitation, health and

education Pro-active National Sanitation Working Group How pro-active is your DWSC? Active WASH Cluster of NGOs/UN active in North Uganda Several good information products (production supported by

Development Partners e.g. WSP, UNICEF, WaterAid) Capacity building: project-specific not coordinated

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 8

Areas for improvement-1 Functioning of District Water and Sanitation Committees

in planning, harmonisation, coordination and implementation

Involvement district and sub-county ‘champions’ and local politicians (councillors, MPs)

Involvement of NGOs and Private Sector in district and sub-county coordination

Harmonisation of funding from different sources at district level - being worked on!

Capacity Building: from project-specific to harmonisation and coordination

Training materials: coordination in production and sharing

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 9

Areas for improvement-2 Use of National Guidelines at decentralised levels Communication between national and district Documenting and versioning of good practices for

practitioners and field staff Sharing of good practices with practitioners and field

staff; trans-district learning Sharing of non-Ugandan good practices Joint learning for effective practice/implementation (at

district/sub-county level); Learning for policy reform and strategy reformulation

(at national and district level)

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 10

Learning for Practice at District level

Sharing Learning

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

PrivateSector

PrivateSector

TSU

Water

Council

EducationHealth

District Water and Sanitation Committee PLUS

Com

mun

icat

ion

to/fr

om n

atio

nal l

evel

Com

mun

icat

ion

to/fr

om s

ub-c

ount

y le

vel

politicianschampion

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 11

Learning for Practice atSub-county level

Sharing Learning

NGO

CBO

CBO

CBO

PrivateSector

PrivateSector

CBO Council

EducationHealth

Sub-county Water and Sanitation Committee PLUS

Com

mun

icat

ion

to/fr

om d

istr

ict l

evel

Com

mun

icat

ion

to/fr

om v

illag

e/sc

hool

s le

vel

Implementation and feedback

Implementation and feedback

politicianschampion

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 12

Learning structures for Practice and Policy

Community level:Focus Household Sanitation

& Behaviour

Primary Schools:Focus Sanitation Facilities &

Hygiene Behaviour

Sub-county level Multi-stakeholder Learning Team

District Water and Sanitation Committee PLUS

National Sanitation Working Group

Regional level Multi-stakeholder Learning Platform (AfriSan plus)

Information/ResourceCentres/PS outputs:

Info Products & Services

Learning FacilitationCapacity Building

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 13

Multi-stakeholder learning platforms -why?

If you always do what you did, you will always get what you got!

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 14

Multi-stakeholder learning platforms -why/what? break down barriers to both horizontal and vertical info sharing speed up processes of identification, development and uptake of

innovation carry out innovation and learning within a group of practitioners,

researchers, policy makers and dev’t partners, the ‘engine’ for uptake and replication

ensure innovation in realistic context (institutional, organisational, financial) for a given district, small town or city for quick uptake and upscaling

create an honest and open environment to share lessons learned – particularly failures

create an environment in which flexibility and adaptation to local circumstances become the norm when dealing with complex problems

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 15

Multi-stakeholder learning platforms -what?If you want to get what you have not got, you will have to do what you have not done!

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 16

Action Learning Cycle

Source: Gonzalez & Meitner

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 17

Expected Outputs & Outcomes Functioning and effective Multi-Stakeholder platforms at district

(DWSC) and sub-county level (SCWSC?) Effective learning&sharing methods developed and applied at EA-

regional, national, district and sub-county level More harmonised and coordinated approaches and support

(demand-responsive) with clear roles for NGOs and private sector More cost-effective household and school sanitation programmes

from innovative approaches Cost-effective and innovative capacity building methods and

materials at district and sub-county Versioned information and documentation products for practice and policy on good HH / school sanitation and hygiene

Learning, capacity building and information management in Ugandan WASH sector institutionalised and coordinated (beyond this project)

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 18

Expected Effects Responsibility for sanitation and hygiene at household and

school management Increased HH/school latrine coverage Increased and sustainable latrine use Improved sanitation and hygiene behaviour Functioning district and sub-county multi-stakeholder

learning teams Effective communication and support national <--> district

<-->sub-county Effective planning, implementation and monitoring systems Reformulated policies and strategies (harmonised and

coordinated)

Jo Smet - IRC: LeaPPS-July 07 19

LeaPPS Uganda: partnership of IRC, SNV and NETWAS Ug All learning organisations (NGOs) All supportive to WASH sector Focus on improving local processes for practice/

implementation, cost-effectiveness and sustainability, policy/strategies/approaches through: Innovation, knowledge management, learning processes,

capacity building, advocacy by IRC Capacity development, supporting local organisations

including private sector by SNV Knowledge management & info sharing (products, services

and channels), capacity building by NETWAS Uganda