1.sanitation policy and the mdgs

8/22/2019 1.Sanitation Policy and the MDGs

1/22

Environmental Sanitation Policy

& the MDGs


2/22

The National Environmental Sanitation

Policy (NESP)

The main objective was to develop and maintain

a clean, safe and pleasant physical environmentin all human settlements, to promote the social,

economic and physical well-being of all sections

of the population


3/22

Main areas covered in the Policy The policy provides guidelines for Metropolitan, Municipal and

District Assemblies in the implementation, provision andmaintenance of environmental sanitation services and facilities

The broad spectrum of environmental sanitation includes solidand liquid waste, industrial and hazardous waste, stormwater

drainage, environmental and hygiene

education, vectors of disease, and disposal of the dead

It also defines the roles of related institutions and organizations.Technical aspects, cost recovery and the legal framework are alsoaddressed in the policy.


4/22

Main Targets Creating awareness through establishment and

observation of a National EnvironmentalSanitation Day.

Managing all of the solid waste generated

90% of the population having access to in-houseapproved sanitation facilities, and the remaining10% using hygienic public sanitation facilities

Safe and sound disposal of solid waste in well-managed landfills

Liquid waste being totally treated and disposed in

appropriate treatment plants


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Phasing out of pan latrines by 2010

Active sanitary inspections of premises and

vector control programmes

Strict enforcement of regulations and

standards

80% of environmental sanitation servicesbeing delivered by the private sector


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MEASURES PUT IN PLACE TO IMPLEMENT ESP

Assigning responsibilities and roles: Establishing aninstitutional framework with clearly defined roles andlinkages to support implementation of the policy

Establishing technical capacity within the Ministry ofLocal Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) toorient and support the District assemblies in theprovision of environmental sanitation services.

Developing skilled professional and sub-professionalmanpower for the sector

Legislation: Modernize, strengthen and enforceenvironmental sanitation legislation.


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MEASURES PUT IN PLACE TO IMPLEMENT ESP

Develop capacity in the Assemblies to manage

environmental sanitation

Strengthen communitys role in environmental

sanitation.

Increase private sector participation in

environmental sanitation service deliver and,

wherever possible, recover costs directly fromservice beneficiaries.

Develop clean and appropriate technical systems

and promote research into technologies.


8/22

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE POLICYSTRENGTHS

There is now an Environmental Sanitation Sub-Sector as part of thenational development programme.

The policy caters for both urban and rural areas and covers the broaddefinition of environmental sanitation and encompasses all aspects ofwastes management, drainage, cleansing of public places, pest andvector control, food hygiene etc.

The policy defines the scope of environmental sanitation, institutionalresponsibility, legal framework as well as elements such as cost recovery

and technical aspects. The roles and responsibilities of the District Assemblies and the various

stakeholders in planning and delivery of sanitation services within theLocal Government System are clearly and unambiguously defined in legalprovisions and in the policy.

Generally the issue of sanitation has been recognized and the issue has a

high level of political support.


9/22

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY (Contd)WEAKNESSES

Not much is said about sanitation in schools, thus development in this area couldbe stifled.

Although women are more directly involved in the problem of water and

sanitation availability, the policy does not specify the roles of men and women,leaving the women and children burdened with the consequences.

There is poor coordination between stakeholder institutions involved insanitation, especially between the MLGRD and CWSA, which is one of the majorrole players.

The policy does very little towards increasing funding, even though it is highly

supported by the government, and has not adequately tackled the question offinancial sustainability.

The policy does not specify how to achieve the human resource development (asufficient number of suitably qualified sanitary engineers and specially trainedstaff) for the provision of adequate sanitation which it emphasizes.

Management of sanitation information was not part of the policy.


10/22

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY (Contd)

OPPORTUNITIES

The mentioning of sanitation in the National Poverty

Reduction Strategy as a key area is important as it

could pave the way for increased resource allocation.

The sector may be portrayed as an attractive option

for investors.

The sector may come out with a strategy or

institution delegated to monitor or store information

on sanitation.


11/22

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY (Contd)THREATS

A gap exists between the MLGRD and the CWSA.

There is lack of human resources and resource allocation.

There also exists corruption and bribery in legislation. The financial responsibility for the provision of household

excreta disposal facility lies on the individual households.

The low level of funding influences the effectiveness andability of sector MDAs to live up to the tremendous challenge

of the agreed goals. Applied research in the area of technical options has been

very low.


12/22

SWOT OF ESP IN RELATION TO MDGs

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

Target 1: Halve the proportion of those in extreme poverty between1990 and 2015.

Indicator: Proportion below national basic needs, poverty line. Target 2: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by

2015.

Indicator: Prevalence of underweight children (children under 5)

Increasing access to safe water and improvements in environmental

health ensures healthy people who are able to secure improvedlivelihoods and break the cycle of poverty and ill-health. Poverty canalso be eradicated through improved access to quality educationparticularly at the primary level.


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Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education.

Target 3: Achieve universal access to primary

education by 2015.

Indicator: Gross primary enrolment ratio.

Attendance and participation in school will be

increased when diarrhea and other diseases

are minimized or eradicated. School sanitation

must however be addressed to encourage

girls participation.


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Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women.

Target 4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary educationby 2005.

Indicator: Ratio of females to males in primary, junior and seniorsecondary schools.

Target 5: Achieve equal access for boys and girls to senior secondary bythe year 2005.

Indicator: Ratio of females to males in senior secondary schools.

As part of their empowerment, women in the secondary and tertiaryinstitutions should be encouraged to study water and sanitation relatedcourses to equip them to assume strategic positions and contributedirectly to decision-making on water and sanitation issues. Effectiveinterventions in environmental health risks would improve womens livesand through increased participation. Also, improved access to safe waterand sanitation will enable women to put more of their time to financiallyproductive use, leading to poverty reduction.


15/22

Goal 4. Reduce child mortality. Target 6: Reduce under-five mortality by two-

thirds by 2015.

Indicator: Under-five mortality rate.

The number of children under five who die as aresult of unsafe water, unsanitary andunhygienic conditions would be significantly

reduced if proper environmental healthpractices are implemented by the governmentand adhered to in the provision of child healthand nutrition.


16/22

Goal 5. Improve maternal health. Target 7: Reduce maternal mortality ratio by

three-quarters by 2015.

Indicator: Maternal mortality per 100,000.

This again borders on availability and adequacy

of proper sanitation conditions and potable

water. Improved access to water and sustainedsanitation facilities will reduce the incidence of

maternal illness, and will in turn lead to

improved livelihood and childhood care.


17/22

Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and otherdiseases.

Target 8: Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by

2015. Target 9: Halt and reverse the incidence of Malaria.

Environmental health measures should be put in place

to prevent health treatments. The collection anddisposal of waste water to prevent breeding of

mosquitoes should be implemented. Prevention of

illnesses would be cost-effective compared to fighting

them.


18/22

Goal 7. Ensure environmental

sustainability. Target 10: Integrate the principles of sustainable

development into country policies and programmesand reverse loss of environmental resources by 2015.

Indicator: Proportion of land area covered by forest.

Target 11: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of peoplewithout sustainable access to safe drinking water.

Indicator: Proportion of population with sustainableaccess to an improved water source.


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Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability.

Measures to educate the public on the need to preserve

natural resources would lead to reduced destruction offorests through bush fires. Also, implementing litigationagainst illegal timber contractors would preserve naturalforest resources. Environmental health improvements andmeasures should be implemented and a sustainable

means of generating income for ensuring sanitation andadequate water supply should be put in place. Adequatewater supply promotes improved sanitation which in turnreduces or prevents pollution of water resources.


20/22

Goal 8. Develop global partnerships for development.

Target 15: Deal comprehensively with Least

Developed Countries (LDC) debt and make debt

sustainable in the long term.

Indicator: Debt service as a percentage of

exports.

Funding of sanitation projects and transfer of

technology can come about by forming

development partnerships.


21/22

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Sanitation policies should be reflected into laws toensure compliance. There is the need to updateenforcement procedures of sanitation bye-laws andreview institutional arrangements.

2. Sanitation should be seen as a developmentalproblem linked with poverty reduction and be givena high priority. Sanitation strategies should also begender sensitive and promote hygiene and

sanitation improvements.3. Strengthening the institutional capacity of the Policy

Division of the MLGRD to play the lead role in theimplementation of the Environmental Sanitation

Policy.


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4. There is political will towards promulgation of policies

BUT, there is a perception that there is a lack of

implementation support. There is a need for increased

implementation support, political advocacy for

implementation by key organizations such as NESPoCC

5. There is a need to improve capacity at all levels includingthe MLGRDE and MMDAs in environmental sanitation.

Applied research in area of technical options should bepromoted in the training of professionals.

6. There is the need to strengthen partnership andcoordination between the many institutions involved inpromotion and development of sanitation.

1.sanitation policy and the mdgs

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