learning by travelling: what do tourists learn while visiting south african townships?
TRANSCRIPT
+
Learning by Travelling: what do tourists learn while visiting South African Townships?
Dr. Isabella Rega, Bournemouth Universiy [email protected]
+Activities and Local Actors
n Tour guide (local)
n Performance artists and craft workers
n Attractions: nurseries, day care centres, churches, local enterprises
n Accommodations
n Catering businesses
+Slum Tourism: a growing phenomenon
+Slum Tourism: facts
over 1 million slum tourists per year
2-3 hours long guided tours
80% in townships in South Africa and in favelas in Brazil (mature destinations)
Frenzel et al 2015
+Slum Tourism: tensions and themes to explore
Rich owned industry – local based industry (AND NGOs)
Outside – inside the slum actors (power relationships) and mobility
Ethics: poverty as an attraction?
Gentrification
Tourists as co-creators of the destination
Residents perspectives
Frenzel et al 2015
+Slum Tourism: Advantages and Disadvantages
n Host side (Inversini et al 2015, Franzel et al 2015) n Economic n Exposure to other cultures n Challenge stereotypes and isolation n Pride
n Symbolic Attention to slum issues
+Slum Tourism: Advantages and Disadvantages
n Guest side n Challenge the vision of the world and stereotypes
n Disadvantaged: n How the area is toured and represented
n Lack of involvement of local residents
+Learning and Tourism
Learning throughout the lifespan occurs in diverse contexts and travel presents a unique learning environment enabling both unplanned and planned opportunities. (Falk and Dierking 2000)
+Research Questions
(I) What do tourists learn from touring into slums?
(II) What do tourists value and discover about local communities while travelling in slums?
+Sample: reviews gathering process
+Sample: reviews filtering
Before filtering After filtering Cape Town 1561 955 Durban 99 68 Johannesburg 2994 2434 Port Elizabeth 58 44 Pretoria 9 1
South Africa 5038 3502
+Sample: reviews, authors and pictures
+Variables
n Country
n City
n Slum
n Category – Attractions, Lodgings, Restaurants
n Rating (of the review)
n Through Mobile
n Date
n Level of contribution
n Age
n Gender
n Nationality
n Continent
n Style
+Sample: demographics
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
undefined
18-24
25-34
35-49
50-64
65+
+Sample: demographics
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Female
Male
undefined
+Sample: demographics
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Africa
Asia
Australia/ Oceania
Europe
North America
South America
undefined
+Data Analysis
n Similarity Analysis
n Cluster Analysis
n Correspondence Analysis
+
graph_simi_1
+Conclusions
n The importance of the mediators, fellen tours vs uthando
n Peculiarities of locations – Cape Town vs Johannesbourg
n Touring poverty is at the core but the touristic experience embraces several others cultural and historical aspects
+Next steps: perspectives and methodologies
n Analyse the pictures
n Look at demographics and variables
n Look at specific learning theories: n Experiential learning (Kolb) n Transformative Learning (Mezirow)
+Next steps: Comparative Research
Before Filtering After Filtering Reviews Pictures Reviews Pictures
Varanasi 27 9 1 0 New Delhi 494 298 362 251 Navi Mumbai 8 13 0 0 Mumbai (Bombay) 2744 757 2026 341 Kolkata (Calcutta) 51 20 0 0 Jaipur 27 7 0 0 Chennai (Madras) 68 41 0 0 Bengaluru (Bangalore) 73 36 5 0 India 3547 1181 2394 592 Cape Town 1561 752 955 358 Durban 99 52 68 21 Johannesburg 2994 1207 2434 676 Port Elizabeth 58 18 44 13 Pretoria 9 9 1 0 South Africa 5038 2038 3502 1068 Angra dos Reis 1 0 0 0 Arraial do Cabo 1 0 0 0 Belo Horizonte 4 0 0 0 Rio de Janeiro 4087 2161 2308 734 Salvador 26 15 3 0 Sao Paulo 26 17 1 2 Brazil 4145 2193 2312 736 Total 12730 5412 8208 2396
+Next Steps: Intervention
Feedback to local communities to improve community based touristic enterprises through capacity building
+Funding Agency and People
British Academy Grant
Isabella Rega, Bournemouth University, UK
Mauro Sarrica, Università la Sapienza, Italy
Alessandro Inversini, Bournemouth University, UK
RA: Tiago Nery and Darta Drabovica