Leapfrog Geothermal 3.5

Technical release notes

This document outlines the major features and improvements in Leapfrog Geothermal 3.5. More

information about Leapfrog Geothermal can be found online at www.leapfrog3d.com or by contacting

your local Leapfrog support contacts.

Software requirements and upgrade notes can be found at the end of this document.

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New Features 2

Wells 2

Numeric Upscaling of LAS and Point Data 2

Flow Simulation 5

Assigning fault rock types to a TOUGH2 grid 5

TOUGH2 in scene property display 7

Graphs & Statistics 8

Statistics on LAS Data 9

Statistics on Geophysical points data 10

Graph interaction with the scene 11

Upscaling Comparison 13

Block Model Improvement 14

Statistics 14

Exports 15

Central Support 16

Central Improvements 16

Mesh Import from Central 16

Improved Local Project Handling 17

Supporting Data 17

View Integration with Geothermal 19

General Improvements 20

Value filter for the topography 20

Identify Mesh Parts in the Scene 20

Assign selected intervals to the base lithology 20

Upgrade notes 21

Project upgrades 21

32-bit architectures 22

System Requirements 22

Version information 22

2

New Features

Wells

Numeric Upscaling of LAS and Point Data

There is a new tool for well log upscaling available in Geothermal 3.5, the numeric point upscaling tool.

This works with downhole points, such as LAS points.

As part of adding this feature to Geothermal, all “compositing” features have been renamed to

“upscaling” and the Composites folder in the Wells folder is now called the Upscaled Tables folder.

To use the new well log upscaling tool, right-click on the Upscaled Tables folder and select New

Numeric Point Upscale:

Upscale in selects the region in which upscaling parameters will be applied. Choices are Entire well,

Subset of codes (grouped and ungrouped) and Intervals from table.

Upscaling length does not apply to upscaling in Intervals from table, which uses interval lengths from

the selected table. Otherwise, the Upscaling length is the length of each upscaled interval.

You can also set the Minimum points and Sampling method, which can be Whole interval or

Dominant category.

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In the Output Columns tab, you can choose which columns to upscale.

In the Output Algorithms tab, you can select between Arithmetic, Geometric, Harmonic, Max,

Median and Min.

4

Arithmetic Mean

Harmonic Mean

Geometric mean

5

Flow Simulation

Assigning fault rock types to a TOUGH2 grid

Faults typically have a crush zone that affects the flow properties of the surrounding rock. Modelling

fluid flow inside a fault is an important aspect of creating a reservoir model, which is why a new

faulted rocktype evaluation has been added to TOUGH2 models.

This evaluation is based on the fault system of the geological model associated with the TOUGH2

model. For TOUGH2 models created in Geothermal, the faulted rocktype evaluation is automatically

created when the TOUGH2 grid is defined; for imported TOUGH2 grids, the evaluation is created when

rocktypes are generated for the grid.

Each fault is assigned its own lithology value and if more than one fault intersects a block, a

combination lithology is created. This grid shows two intersecting faults (blue and wine coloured)

evaluated on the grid; all geological model blocks in this image are set to display in green. There are

three faulted lithologies, one for each fault and one for the blocks where the two faults intersect:

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In the project tree, the Fault Rock Evaluation appears under the Rock Types table. You can change

which of the geological model's faults are evaluated by double-clicking on the Fault Rock Evaluation

and disabling faults:

The Thickness value represents the width of the fault's crush zone. It is a distance value, and blocks

within that distance are assigned the fault lithology. The default value is 0, which means that only

blocks intersected by the fault will be assigned the fault lithology.

You can also change the evaluation names in this window; simply double-click on the name and edit

the text. It is recommended that you keep evaluation names shorter than 10 characters.

Fault lithologies are separated from the geological model's lithological units in the rock type table:

7

TOUGH2 in scene property display

Clicking TOUGH2 blocks now displays more information about the properties of the selected block:

8

Graphs & Statistics

An extremely useful and easy to use Statistics feature is now available for well data (both interval

and point), LAS data, geophysical points data and block models in Geothermal 3.5.

For well data tables, scatter plots, Q-Q plots, box plots and interval length statistics are available.

Scatter plot of porosity vs log(permeability)

The first of the new statistical graph configurations describes and illustrates univariate statistics on

numeric columns, including interval length, in one complete window. Several options, including a

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separate and exportable summary table, manual axis limits and bin width controls, will have a

significant impact on the usability of this feature.

Statistics on LAS Data

10

Statistics on Geophysical points data

Points data in the geophysical data folder also supports the new statistics functionality.

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Graph interaction with the scene

A key feature in how the graph interacts with the scene opens a multitude of options, e.g. categorising

data in the 3D scene that has been analysed and scrutinised in the graph. A sharp look and feel to the

presentation gives the user a report-ready appearance.

Interaction with LAS Data

Interaction with Block Model Evaluation

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Upscaling Comparison

Comparing the distributions of two sets of interval based data, e.g. a porosity distribution before and

after upscaling, requires a specialized graph. The new graphical layout has been identified as the most

effective way to pick up subtle differences in symmetry and therefore, when assessing the changes

upscaling has had on the distribution, this graph is the ideal tool. Similar to the univariate

configuration, the user is presented with a slick statistical suite to guide important resource decisions.

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Block Model Improvement

Statistics

To view block model statistics, right-click on the block model and select Statistics. It’s no longer

necessary to select evaluations before opening the Statistics window; all evaluated objects are

available in the Statistics window.

Statistics can be grouped by category or by numeric column, and empty categories can be hidden.

Here, the selected numeric columns are grouped by the GM category column:

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Exports

Geothermal 3.5 has introduced improvements to the following exporters:

● The CSV export format for block models and sub-blocked models

● The Isatis and Datamine export formats on block models

These improvements include:

● Selecting which evaluations, calculations and filter results to export as columns

● Filtering rows out of the data exported using a query filter, which results in only TRUE results

being exported

● Omitting rows where all statuses are one or more of Error, Without grade, Blank or Outside

● Exporting status codes for category, numeric and filter columns

● Choosing the character set format

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Central Support

Central is a project and model database providing a single source of truth, model management, an

audit trail and collaborative visualisation tools.

Geothermal 3.5 supports Central 1.4.

For a full description of all the new features in Central 1.4 please see the Central 1.4 release notes.

Central Improvements

Mesh Import from Central

Central now has the capability to import meshes from other Central projects. This means that it is

possible to share up-to-date resources from one project to another improving how multiple users can

contribute to a single project. Meshes can be imported to the Meshes folder in Leapfrog. Imported

meshes can be output volumes, surfaces or user meshes from a project on the same instance.

Fast reload functionality allows an up-to-date version of the mesh from the same branch to be easily

imported. When a new version of the mesh is available, all projects with out-of-date meshes will

display an out-of-date icon indicating that the mesh should be reloaded.

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Once meshes are imported into the project from Central, they can easily be incorporated into dynamic

workflows in the project.

Improved Local Project Handling

When projects are downloaded in a Leapfrog modelling product, they now appear as tiles rather than

in the tree. This provides more clarity as to which revision is being edited.

Supporting Data

Selecting objects in scene in the Central Browser now displays supporting data. The supporting data

provides addition information about blocks, drillholes, points and surfaces.

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19

View Integration with Geothermal

It has never been so quick and easy to consult a colleague on a tricky model, share impactful visual

information with stakeholders or update key personnel on a developing situation. View, Leapfrog’s

web-based solution for visualising on a purpose-built scene, will be fully integrated into Geothermal

3.5.

With a couple of clicks, you can upload a 3D view from Geothermal to the web, where it can be

accessed from anywhere in the world. You can set permissions, share and access 3D Views, interrogate

the data using slices and create ‘slides’ on points of interest in order to focus the conversation.

For complete information on View and demo workflow, visit www.lfview.com.

Information is displayed when you upload a scene to View:

· A warning will be displayed if any of the objects selected are too large to upload.

· You can choose which objects in the scene to upload to View.

· The size of each object in the scene is displayed.

· The total number of objects selected is displayed, together with the upload limit.

With large and complex scenes, this information will help in deciding what objects to upload.

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General Improvements

Value filter for the topography

When a topography is displayed showing numeric values, it is now possible to filter those values:

Identify Mesh Parts in the Scene

When exporting a mesh that has multiple parts, distinguishing between the different parts that can be

exported has previously been a case of trial and error. When exporting a single mesh, it is now

possible to identify in the scene what parts of a mesh correspond to the select part in the Export Mesh

Parts window.

Assign selected intervals to the base lithology

When selecting intervals, it is now possible to assign intervals to existing category codes

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Upgrade notes

Project upgrades

Leapfrog Geothermal 3.5 is backwards compatible and supports direct project upgrades from any

version of Leapfrog Geothermal since version 2.6. Projects built in earlier versions of the software

must be opened using Leapfrog Geothermal 2.6 prior to being opened with 3.5. Backdated versions of

the software are available at leapfrog3d.com.

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32-bit architectures

Leapfrog Geothermal 3.5 does not support 32-bit operating systems.

System Requirements

Version information

Supported Recommended

Operating System1,2 Windows 7 (64bit) Windows 8 (64bit) Windows 8.1 (64bit) Windows 10 (64bit)

Windows 7 (64bit) Windows 8.1 (64bit) Windows 10(64bit)

Processor,

Intel CoreTM i3,i5 or i7 CPU (2nd generation or later) Intel XeonTM

Intel CoreTM i7-6800K Intel CoreTM i7-6900K Intel CoreTM i7-7700 Intel XeonTM E5-2630 v3

System Memory 4 GB (Minimum) 32 GB RAM

Free hard disk space Legacy spinning hard disk 250 GB capacity 25 GB free space

Solid state disk drive 1 TB Capacity 100 GB free space

Display resolution 1280 x 720 (Minimum) Single display unit

1920 x 1080 (HD) or better Multiple display setup

Graphics8 NvidiaTM (Desktop hardware) GeForce 700 series3

GeForce 900 series3

GeForce 1000 series3

Quadro 600 series and above Quadro K series3

Quadro P series3

GeForce GTX 950i7

GeForce GTX 1050Ti7

GeForce GTX 10507

NvidiaTM (Mobile hardware)

GeForce 700M series3

GeForce 800M series3

GeForce 900M series3

GeForce 1000 series3

Quadro M series3

Quadro P mobile series

GeForce GTX 950M7

GeForce GTX 1050M7

AMDTM / ATITM (Desktop hardware) Radeon HD 8000 series3

Radeon R5 series3

Radeon R7 series3

Radeon R9 series3

Radeon RX series3

Firepro V series3

Firepro W series3

Radeon RX 4607

Radeon RX 25707

AMDTM / ATITM (Mobile hardware) Radeon HD 8000 series3

Radeon R5 series3

Radeon R7 series3

Radeon R9 M3757

Radeon RX 4607

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Radeon R9 series3

Radeon RX series3

FirePro M series

IntelTM Integrated Graphics HD Graphics 20004

(Generation 2 or later) HD Graphics 510 (Generation 6 or later)

Notes: 1 Running Leapfrog in virtualised environment is not supported 2 Running Leapfrog via a remote desktop connection or other remote login system is not supported 3 Hardware configuration must include 512MB Video RAM or greater 4 Must be 2nd generation IntelⓇ CoreTM i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater 5 Must be 3rd generation IntelⓇ CoreTM i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater 6 Must be 4th generation IntelⓇ CoreTM i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater 7 Models with peak processing power greater than 600GFLOPS are recommended 8 Touch-screen hardware is not supported

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