law commission report no. 212- laws of civil marriages in india a proposal to resolve certain...

8/18/2019 Law Commission Report No. 212- Laws of Civil Marriages in India a Proposal to Resolve Certain Conflicts

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

LAW

COMMISSION

OF

INDIA

Laws of Civil Marriages in India –

A ro!osal "o Resolve Cer"ain Confli#"s

Report No. 212

OCTOBER 2008

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LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA (REPORT NO. 212)

Laws of Civil Marriages in India –

A ro!osal "o Resolve Cer"ain Confli#"s

Forwarded "o Dr$ %$ R$ &'ardwa() *nion Minis"er for

Law and +,s"i#e) Minis"r- of Law and +,s"i#e)

Govern.en" of India /- Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan)

Char!a"# Law Co..ission of India) on 12"' da- ofO#"o/er) 3445$

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T'e 15"' Law Co..ission was #ons"i","ed for a !eriod of

"'ree -ears fro. 1s" Se!"e./er) 3446 /- Order No$

A$784139193446:Ad.n$III ;LA< da"ed "'e 16"' O#"o/er)

3446) iss,ed /- "'e Govern.en" of India) Minis"r- of Lawand +,s"i#e) De!ar".en" of Legal Affairs) New Del'i$

T'e Law Co..ission #onsis"s of "'e C'air.an) "'e

Me./er:Se#re"ar-) one f,ll:"i.e Me./er and seven

!ar":"i.e Me./ers$

C'air.an

%on=/le Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan

Me./er:Se#re"ar-

Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal

F,ll:"i.e Me./er

rof$ Dr$ Ta'ir Ma'.ood

ar":"i.e Me./ers

Dr$ ;Mrs$< Devinder >,.ari Ra'e(a

Dr$ >$ N$ C'andrase0'aran illai

rof$ ;Mrs$< La0s'.i +a./'ol0ar

S."$ >ir"i Sing'S'ri +,s"i#e I$ Ven0a"anara-ana

S'ri O$$ S'ar.a

Dr$ ;Mrs$< S'-a.l'a a!!,

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T'e Law Co..ission is lo#a"ed in ILI &,ilding)

3nd Floor) &'agwan Das Road)

New Del'i:114 441

Law Co..ission S"aff

Me./er:Se#re"ar-

Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal

Resear#' S"aff

S'ri S,s'il >,.ar ? +oin" Se#re"ar- @ Law Offi#er

Ms$ awan S'ar.a ? Addi"ional Law Offi#er

S'ri +$ T$ S,laan Rao ? Addi"ional Law Offi#er

S'ri A$ >$ *!ad'-a- ? De!,"- Law Offi#er

Dr$ V$ >$ Sing' ? Assis"an" Legal Adviser

Ad.inis"ra"ive S"aff

S'ri S,s'il >,.ar ? +oin" Se#re"ar- @ Law Offi#er

S'ri D$ C'o,d',r- ? *nder Se#re"ar-

S'ri S$ >$ &as, ? Se#"ion Offi#er

S."$ Ra(ni S'ar.a ? Assis"an" Li/rar- @

Infor.a"ion Offi#er

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T'e "e" of "'is Re!or" is availa/le on "'e In"erne" a"

'""!?99www$law#o..issionofindia$ni#$in

B Govern.en" of India

Law Co..ission of India

T'e "e" in "'is do#,.en" ;e#l,ding "'e Govern.en"

Logo< .a- /e re!rod,#ed free of #'arge in an- for.a" or

.edi,. !rovided "'a" i" is re!rod,#ed a##,ra"el- and no"

,sed in a .isleading #on"e"$ T'e .a"erial .,s" /e

a#0nowledged as "'e Govern.en" of India #o!-rig'" and

"'e "i"le of "'e do#,.en" s!e#ified$

An- en,iries rela"ing "o "'is Re!or" s'o,ld /e addressed

"o "'e Me./er:Se#re"ar- and sen" ei"'er /- !os" "o "'e

Law Co..ission of India) 3nd Floor) ILI &,ilding)

&'agwan Das Road) New Del'i:114441) India or /- e.ail

"o l#i:dlani#$in

5

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http://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/mailto:[email protected]://www.lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/mailto:[email protected]


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DO No. 6(3)133/2007-LC(LS) 17 October, 2008

Dear Dr. Bhar!a" #$,

S%b& La!' o C$$* +arr$ae' $ $a

roo'a* to e'o*e Certa$ Co*$ct'

hae reat *ea'%re $ or!ar$ here!$th the 212th eort o the La!

Co$''$o o $a o the aboe '%b"ect.

he '%b"ect ha' bee tae % suo motu or a re''$ ee to ae the Sec$a*+arr$ae ct, 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct, 16. N%ero%' arr$ae' tae *ace

!$th$ $a a $ ore$ co%tr$e' !h$ch are o%t'$e the ab$t o ar$o%' er'oa* *a!'a' !e** a' the9 caot be oere b9 the eera* a coo *a! o c$$* arr$ae' or

the rea'o o ot ha$ bee ora**9 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t. ho%h the'e

eactet' are eat e;%a**9 or a** co%$t$e' o $a, 9et the9 cota$ e! ro$'$o' !h$ch reat*9 $h$b$t eo*e o certa$ co%$t$e' to aa$* the. or the


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?ee$ th$' $ $, the La! Co$''$o ha' '%e'te certa$ aeet' $

both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct, 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct, 16 'o that the$r ro$'$o' becoe %$or*9 aa$*ab*e to a *arer %ber o arr$ae' o a** $a

co%$t$e'. accete a $*eete, the recoeat$o' !$** o a *o !a9 $

o%*ar$:$ c$$* arr$ae'.

aco!*ee the e=te'$e cotr$b%t$o ae b9 ro. Dr. ah$r +ahoo,

%**-t$e +eber, $ rear$ th$' eort.

@$th !ar rear',

Ao%r' '$cere*9,

(Dr. #%'t$ce . La'haa)

Dr.


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CONTENTS

C'a!"er ae No.

C'a!"er I? In"rod,#"ion 0

C'a!"er II? T'e S!e#ial Marriage A#" 187

. O* Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 11

B. Ne! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 12

C. ter-e*$$o%' C$$* +arr$ae' 13

C'a!"er III? T'e Foreign Marriage A#" 16

. So*e$:at$o o Ne! +arr$ae' 15

B. e$'trat$o o >=$'t$ +arr$ae' 16

C'a!"er IV? T'e ro'i/i"ed Degrees in Marriage

. Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 17

B. Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 17

C. ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 20

C'a!"er V? T'e A!!li#a/le Law of S,##ession

. er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 21

B. er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 22

C. >ect o the eet o 176 23

D. er the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 26

C'a!"er VI? Re#o..enda"ions 27

C%ATER I

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In"rod,#"ion

er the re'et *ea* '9'te o $a c$t$:e' hae a cho$ce bet!ee the$r

re'ect$e re*$$o-ba'e a co%$t9-'ec$$c arr$ae *a!' o the oe haa, o the other ha, the eera* a coo *a! o c$$* arr$ae'. @h$*e the

*a!' o the $r't o the'e cateor$e' are eera**9 e'cr$be b9 the coe$o%'

e=re''$o er'oa* *a!'E, the *atter *a! $' o% $ the o**o!$ t!o

eactet'&

($) Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154F a

($$) ore$ +arr$ae ct 16.

he $r't o the'e ct' $' eat or tho'e ett$ arr$e !$th$ the co%tr9 a

the *atter or tho'e $a c$t$:e' !ho a9 arr9 $ a ore$ co%tr9.

he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $' ot cocere !$th the re*$$o o the

art$e' to a $tee arr$ae. 9 er'o, !h$cheer re*$$o he or 'he

roe''e', a9 arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' e$ther !$th$ h$' or her co%$t9 or $

a co%$t9 other tha h$' or her o!, ro$e that the $tee arr$ae $

e$ther ca'e $' $ accor !$th the co$t$o' or arr$ae *a$ o! $ th$' ct

GSect$o 4H.

he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a*'o ro$e' the ac$*$t9 o t%r$ a

e=$'t$ re*$$o%' arr$ae $to a c$$* arr$ae b9 re$'ter$ $t %er $t'

ro$'$o', ro$e that $t $' $ accor !$th the co$t$o or arr$ae *a$ o!

%er th$' ct GSect$o 15H.

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he ct ro$e' or the ao$tet o +arr$ae O$cer' !ho ca both

'o*e$:e a $tee arr$ae a re$'ter a re-e=$'t$ arr$ae oere b9

a9 other *a! GSect$o 3H.

he ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 ac$*$tate' 'o*e$:at$o o c$$* arr$ae'

b9 $a c$t$:e' o%t'$e the co%tr9, !$th aother c$t$:e or !$th a ore$er.

h$' ct a*'o $' ot cocere !$th the re*$$o o the art$e' to a $tee

arr$aeF a9 er'o ca arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' e$ther !$th$ h$' or her o!

co%$t9 or $ a $eret co%$t9.

or carr9$ $t' %ro'e' the ore$ +arr$ae ct eo!er' the Cetra*

oeret to e'$ate +arr$ae O$cer' $ a** $t' $*oat$c $''$o' abroa.

N%ero%' arr$ae' tae *ace $ $a !h$ch are o%t'$e the ab$t o

ar$o%' er'oa* *a!' b%t caot be oere b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct e$ther

or the rea'o o ot ha$ bee ora**9 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t. he

;%e't$o !h$ch *a! !o%* the a*9 to '%ch arr$ae' rea$' %re'o*e.

Both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 are

eat e;%a**9 or a** $a co%$t$e'. Aet the9 cota$ 'oe ro$'$o' !h$ch

reat*9 $h$b$t eber' o certa$ co%$t$e' to aa$* the$r ro$'$o'.

o eet the'e cocer' the re'et reort 'ee' to '%e't certa$

aeet' $ both the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct

16. he %ro'e o the'e '%e't$o' $' to ae the t!o ct' aa$*ab*e to a

*arer %ber o arr$ae' tha the9 o! are a to ae the !$e*9 accetab*e

to a** co%$t$e' o $a.

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C%ATER II

T'e S!e#ial Marriage A#" 187

. Old Special Marriage Act 1872

he $r't *a! o c$$* arr$ae' $ $a !a' the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872

eacte %r$ the Br$t$'h r%*e o the recoeat$o o the $r't La!

Co$''$o o re-$eeece era. t !a' a ot$oa* *a! $$t$a**9 ae

aa$*ab*e o*9 to tho'e !ho $ ot roe'' a9 o the ar$o%' a$th tra$t$o' o

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B. New Special Marriage Act 1954

154 the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae ct o 1872 !a' reea*e b9 a re*ace !$th

a e! *a! bear$ the 'ae t$t*e. h$' $' a ot$oa* *a!, a a*terat$e to each othe ar$o%' er'oa* *a!', aa$*ab*e to a** c$t$:e' $ a** tho'e area' !here $t $' $

orce. e*$$o o the art$e' to a $tee arr$ae $' $ater$a* %er th$' ctF

oe ca arr9 %er $t' ro$'$o' both !$th$ a o%t'$e oeI' co%$t9.

he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct oe' ot b9 $t'e* or a%toat$ca**9 a*9 to a9

arr$aeF $t ca be o*%tar$*9 ote or b9 the art$e' to a $tee arr$ae $

reerece to the$r er'oa* *a!'. t cota$' $t' o! e*aborate ro$'$o' o

$orce, %**$t9 a other atr$o$a* ca%'e' a, %*$e the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae

ct o 1872, oe' ot ae the D$orce ct 186 a*$cab*e to arr$ae'

oere b9 $t' ro$'$o'.

or the


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C. Inter!eligious "i#il Marriages

he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct $' aa$*ab*e a*'o or $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' a oe'

ot e=et a9 co%$t9 ro $t' ro$'$o' $ th$' re'ect.

he


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he $a D$orce ct, ho!eer, 'a9' that $t !$** a*9 ee $ o*9 oe art9 $' a

Chr$'t$a. h$' $' aother co*$ct-o-*a! '$t%at$o.

$e! o the'e co*$ct' o ar$o%' er'oa* *a!', a** e;%a**9 reco$:e $$a, $t !$** be $ the $te'' o th$' that a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' Ge=cet

tho'e !$th$ the e $ '%ch a arr$ae ha' bee

'o*e$:e %er a9 other *a!, or the %ro'e' o atr$o$a* ca%'e' a

ree$e' the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct ca be ae a*$cab*e to the. S%ch a oe

!$** br$ a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' $ the co%tr9 %er %$or *a!. h$' !$**

be $ accorace !$th the %er*9$ r$c$*e o rt$c*e 44 o the Co't$t%t$o o

$a re*at$ to %$or c$$* coe.

he !or Sec$a*E $ the cat$o o the ct ee' reco'$erat$o. 1872

!he the $r't *a! o c$$* arr$ae' !a' eacte a o-re*$$o%' arr$ae co%*

be reare a' 'ec$a*E a' the art$e' to '%ch a arr$ae ha to eo%ce the$r

re*$$o. +arr$ae b9 re*$$o%' r$te' !a' the the r%*e a a c$$* arr$ae co%* be

o*9 a e=cet$o. No! $ the t!et9-$r't cet%r9 ca**$ o-re*$$o%' c$$*

arr$ae' 'ec$a*E ha' *$tt*e "%'t$$cat$o. Be$ a %$or *a! !h$ch the art$e'

to a9 $tee arr$ae ca ot or $rre'ect$e o the$r re*$$o or er'oa* *a!,

$t ee ot be e'cr$be a' a *a! ro$$ or a 'ec$a*E or o arr$ae. t

ro"ect' '%ch arr$ae' a' %%'%a* a e=tra-or$ar9 a create' $'$$' $

the $' o the eera* %b*$c.

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C%ATER III

T'e Foreign Marriage A#" 16

. Solemni'ation o( New Marriages

ore$ +arr$ae ct !a' $r't eacte $ $a $ 103 %r$ the Br$t$'h r%*e.

t rea$e $ orce t$** 16 !he a e! ore$ +arr$ae ct !a' eacte o

the atter o the e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154.

er th$' ct a arr$ae a9 be 'o*e$:e, $ a ore$ co%tr9,

bet!ee t!o $a' or a $a a a ore$er, $rre'ect$e $ e$ther ca'e o there*$$o a er'oa* *a! o the art$e', $ the co$t$o' or arr$ae *a$ o! $

the ct are %*$**e (Sect$o 4).

he oeret o $a $' eo!ere b9 th$' ct to ao$t +arr$ae

O$cer' $ ore$ co%tr$e' ro ao't $t' $*oat$c a co'%*ar 'ta $

tho'e co%tr$e' (Sect$o 3).

he ct oe' ot hae a9 ro$'$o re*at$ to $orce, %**$t9 or a9

other atr$o$a* ree9 or re*$e. or th$' %ro'e the ct ae' the re*eat

ro$'$o' o the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a*$cab*e, mutatis mutandis, a*'o to

a** arr$ae' 'o*e$:e or re$'tere %er $t' ro$'$o' (Sect$o 18).

he ct $' et$re*9 ot$oa* a $t' ro$'$o' o ot aer'e*9 aect the

a*$$t9 o a arr$ae 'o*e$:e $ a ore$ co%tr9 other!$'e tha %er $t'

ro$'$o' (Sect$o 27).

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B. !egistration o( )*isting Marriages

arr$ae 'o*e$:e $ a ore$ co%tr9 %er a9 other *a! $c*%$ the

*oca* *a! o that co%tr9 ca be re$'tere %er the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 $$t %*$*' the co$t$o' or a*$$t9 o arr$ae' *a$ o! $ th$' ct GSect$o 17

(1) to (3)H.

he roce%re or re$'trat$o o re-e=$'t$ arr$ae' %er the ct $'

'ae a' or 'o*e$:at$o o e! arr$ae'.

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C%ATER IV

T'e ro'i/i"ed Degrees in Marriage

. Special Marriage Act 1872

he cocet o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$aeE $' reco$:e b9 a** '9'te' o

a$*9 *a! a eera**9 eer9 a$*9 *a! ha' $t' o! *$'t o re*at$e' !$th !ho

oe caot arr9. he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 $ ot cota$ a9 '%ch *$'t

a o*9 *a$ o! that&

he art$e' %'t ot be re*ate to each other $ a9 eree oco'a%$$t9 or a$$t9 !h$ch !o%*, accor$ to a9 *a! to

!h$ch e$ther o the $' '%b"ect, reer a arr$ae bet!ee the

$**ea*.E

h%', $ re'ect to roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae $ a $tee c$$* arr$ae to

be re%*ate b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 er'oa* *a!' o the art$e',

coo or $eret, rea$e $ orce.

B. Special Marriage Act 1954

he e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 !ho**9 chae' the '$t%at$o $ re'ect o

roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae. Oe o the co$t$o' or a $tee c$$*

arr$ae to be 'o*e$:e %er th$' ct $' that the art$e' are ot !$th$ the

eree' o roh$b$te re*at$o'h$E GSect$o 4 ()H. he e=re''$o eree' o

roh$b$te re*at$o'h$E $' e$e $ Sect$o 2 (b) o the ct a' a a a a9 o

the er'o' et$oe $ art o the $r't Sche%*e a a !oa a a9 o the

er'o' et$oe $ art o the 'a$ Sche%*e.E h%', %*$e the $r't Sec$a*

+arr$ae ct 1872 th$' ct $cororate' $t' o! *$'t o roh$b$te eree' $

arr$ae, 'earate or e a !oe.

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each o the t!o *$'t' o roh$b$te eree' there are 37 etr$e'. he

re*at$o' et$oe $ the $r't 33 etr$e' $ each *$'t are reare a' roh$b$te

eree' $ arr$ae %er a** other *a!', both co$$e a %co$$e. he'eetr$e', thereore, o ot $h$b$t a9 er'o o !hateer re*$$o ro ot$ or a

c$$* arr$ae. he *a't o%r etr$e' $ the t!o *$'t' et$oe be*o!, ho!eer,

o'e a rob*e or certa$ co%$t$e'&

(a) +ist I ,(or men-

34. atherI' brotherI' 'o

35. atherI' '$'terI' 'o

36. +otherI' '$'terI' 'o

37. +otherI' brotherI' 'o

(b) +ist II ,(or women-

34. atherI' brotherI' a%hter

35. atherI' '$'terI' a%hter

36. +otherI' '$'terI' a%hter

37. +otherI' brotherI' a%hter

h%' a** $r't co%'$' atera* a atera*, ara**e* a cro'' are

*ace b9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct $ the cateor9 o roh$b$te ar$ta*

re*at$o'h$.

he Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 ae' a ro$'$o or re*a=at$o o the r%*e

o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae. o the co$t$o that art$e' to a $tee c$$*

arr$ae %'t ot be !$th$ roh$b$te eree' o arr$ae the ct a' the

o**o!$ ro$'o&

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ro$e that !here a c%'to oer$ at *ea't oe o the art$e' er$t' a arr$ae bet!ee the, '%ch arr$ae a9 be 'o*e$:e

ot!$th'ta$ that the9 are !$th$ the eree' o roh$b$te

re*at$o'h$.E Gc*a%'e () o Sect$o 4H

he !or c%'toE a' %'e $ th$' ro$'o $' e$e b9 the ct $ the

o**o!$ ter'&

th$' 'ect$o Jc%'toI $ re*at$o to a er'o be*o$ to a9 tr$be

co%$t9, ro% or a$*9, ea' a9 r%*e !h$ch the State

oeret a9, b9 ot$$cat$o $ the O$c$a* a:ette, 'ec$9 $

th$' beha* a' a*$cab*e to eber' o that tr$be, co%$t9, ro%

or a$*9.E G>=*aat$o to Sect$o 4H.

he o'$t$o o $r't co%'$' %er the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $' $

accor !$th the


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Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, ho!eer, oe' ot *ace a9 'eco co%'$ $ $t' t!o

*$'t' o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae.

he co'e;%ece o the'e *ea* ro$'$o' $' that $ a


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C%ATER V

T'e A!!li#a/le Law of S,##ession

. 0nder t$e Special Marriage Act 1872

' ha' bee 'tate aboe, the $r't Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 co%* $$t$a**9 be

aa$*e o*9 b9 tho'e !ho $ ot c*a$ to be


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125 a** '%cce''$o *a!' the e=$'t$ !ere $cororate $to a e! a

corehe'$e $a S%cce''$o ct. o the *a!' ere $to th$'

co'o*$at$ *a! !ere the o* $a S%cce''$o o 1865, the ar'$ S%cce''$oct 1865 a the


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h$' ro$'$o !a' %$or*9 a*$cab*e to !hoeer ote or a c$$* arr$ae,

!hether !$th$ or o%t'$e oeI' co%$t9. ' a re'%*t, a** er'oa* *a!' o

'%cce''$o cea'e to a*9 $ the ca'e' o c$$* arr$ae'. .

C. )((ect o( t$e Amendment o( 197/

O the recoeat$o o the La! Co$''$o o $a (5 th eort, 174)

ar*$aet eacte the +arr$ae La!' (eet) ct 176. h$' ct ae

Sect$o 21- to the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, !h$ch rea' a' o**o!'&

@here the arr$ae $' 'o*e$:e %er th$' ct o a9 er'o !ho

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($) @here a ar'$ ot' or a c$$* arr$ae, !hether !$th$ or o%t'$e

h$' co%$t9 the eera* $her$tace *a! %er the $a

S%cce''$o ct !$** a*9 -- ot the ar'$ '%cce''$o *a! a'

$cororate $ that ct.

() @here a Chr$'t$a ot' or a c$$* arr$ae, !hether !$th$ or

o%t'$e the Chr$'t$a co%$t9, the $a S%cce''$o ct !$**

a*9.

er the $act o the +arr$ae La!' (eet) ct 176, th%',

c$t$:e' o $a ot$ or a c$$* arr$ae are c*a''$$e $to three cateor$e',

$:.&

(a)


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ba'e *a! o $her$tace co$$e $ the or o the ar'$ S%cce''$o ct 1865 !h$ch

!a', o the$r ea, re'ere ee %er the e! co'o*$at$ *a! ca**e the

$a S%cce''$o ct 125. or th$' rea'o o ar'$ !at' to ae %'e o the Sec$a*

+arr$ae ct 154 a' $t !o%* er$e the o the$r *a! o '%cce''$o.

here 'ee' to be o rea'o !h9 the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 'ho%* at a**

ae a ro$'$o rear$ '%cce''$o *a! to be a*$e $ ca'e o c$$* arr$ae'.

er the o* Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 1872 art$e' to a c$$* arr$ae ha to $''oc$ate

the'e*e' ro re*$$o a 'o a9 co%$t9-'ec$$c *a! o '%cce''$o co%* ot

a*9 $ a9 '%ch ca'e. ' th$' !o%* create a ac%%, $t !a' %ao$ab*e to ae

the $a S%cce''$o ct 1865 a*$cab*e to the. B%t, th$' $' ot the ca'e %er the

e! Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 %er !h$ch there $' o ee to reo%ce re*$$o $

a9 ca'e o a c$$* arr$ae. So, '%cce''$o to the roert$e' o the art$e' a9 !e**

cot$%e to be oere b9 the$r re'ect$e er'oa* *a!', !hether the9 be*o to the

'ae co%$t9 or to t!o $eret co%$t$e' e'ec$a**9 '$ce $ th$' co%tr9

there $' o cocet o a arr$e co%*eI' "o$t roert9.

t a9, o co%r'e, be ae o''$b*e or a9 $$$%a* to ot or the $a

S%cce''$o ct 125 $rre'ect$e o !hether h$' or her arr$ae $' a c$$* arr$ae or

a re*$$o%' arr$ae oere b9 a er'oa* *a!. B%t the re'et *$ae bet!ee c$$*

arr$ae' a the a*$cab*e *a! o '%cce''$o 'ere' o %ro'e. O the cotrar9,

or certa$ co%$t$e' $t $' a $'co%raeet a a 'er$o%' $h$b$t$o aa$'t ot$

or a c$$* arr$ae.

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D. 0nder the oreign Marriage Act 19/9

Noe o the ro$'$o' re*at$ to "o$t a$*9 'tat%', $her$tace r$ht' o art$e'

to a c$$* arr$ae a the '%cce''$o *a! a*$cab*e to the art$e' a the$r $orch$*re a the$r %t%re e'ceat' o% $ the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 $'

a *ace $ the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16 !h$ch $' '$*et o the'e $''%e'.

h%', e'$te 'o*e$:at$o or re$'trat$o o a arr$ae %er the ore$

+arr$ae ct 16 the art$e', the$r $''%e' a %t%re e'ceat' rea$ '%b"ect

to the 'ae *a! o '%cce''$o !h$ch !o%* a*9 other!$'e.

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C%ATER VI

Re#o..enda"ions

the *$ht o a** that ha' bee 'a$ aboe !e $ that there $' a re''$ ee to

ae the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16. @$th a

$e! to are''$ th$' ee !e ae the o**o!$ recoeat$o'&

1. he !or Sec$a*E be roe ro the t$t*e o the Sec$a* +arr$ae

ct 154 a $t be '$*9 ca**e he +arr$ae ct 154E or he

+arr$ae a D$orce ct 154.E he '%e'te chae !$** create ae'$rab*e ee*$ that th$' $' the eera* *a! o $a o arr$ae a

$orce a that there $' oth$ 'ec$a*E abo%t a arr$ae

'o*e$:e %er $t' ro$'$o'. t $' $ act arr$ae' 'o*e$:e%er the co%$t9-'ec$$c *a!' !h$ch 'ho%* be reare a'

'ec$a*.E

2. ro$'$o be ae to the a*$cat$o c*a%'e $ the Sec$a* +arr$ae

ct 154 that a** $ter-re*$$o%' arr$ae' e=cet tho'e !$th$ the

=*aat$o to

Sect$o 4 o the Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 be e*ete.

5. he 'ae ro$'$o $ re'ect o roh$b$te eree' $ arr$ae (a'

'%e'te $ ararah 3 aboe) be $cororate a*'o $to Sect$o 4 o

the ore$ +arr$ae ct 16. he ro$'o to c*a%'e () o that

Sect$o a c*a%'e (a) o Sect$o 2 o the ct be e*ete.

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6. ** reerece' to '%cce''$o a "o$t a$*9 be reoe ro the

Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154 a Sect$o' 1, 20, 21 a 21- o the

Sec$a* +arr$ae ct 154, ea*$ !$th '%cce''$o a eber'h$

o "o$t a$*9, be reea*e.

7. ro$'$o be $'erte $to the $a S%cce''$o ct 125 that a9

er'o !h$cheer co%$t9 he or 'he be*o' to a9, b9 a

ec*arat$o o a$a$t or b9 a !r$tte a %*9 atte'te !$**, ot orthe a*$cat$o o th$' ct $'tea o the *a! o '%cce''$o other!$'e

a*$cab*e to h$ or her.

@e hae a co'$ere o$$o that the'e recoeat$o', $ accete

a $*eete, !$** o a *o !a9 $ o%*ar$:$ c$$* arr$ae' a

'$ce a** '%ch arr$ae' !o%* be oere b9 the 'ae *a! $t !$** be a

$ht9 'te to!ar' tra'*at$ $to act$o the $ea* o %$or$t9 $ c$$*

*a!' e$'ae b9 rt$c*e 44 o the Co't$t%t$o o $a.

;Dr$ +,s"i#e AR$ La0s'.anan<

C'air.an

;rof$ Dr$ Ta'ir Ma'.ood< ;Dr$ &ra'. A$ Agrawal<

Me./er Me./er:Se#re"ar-

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law commission report no. 212- laws of civil marriages in india a proposal to resolve certain...

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