laurie l. hazard, ed. d. bryant university [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Ice BreakersWhat is your most visited website?
What is the last item you purchased online?
What is your favorite band/musical artist?
What is your favorite TV network?
What is your favorite magazine?Tru Youth Research
Situating Ourselves With Our Students
A Vision of Students Today "A Vision of Students Today" from blip.tv: Professor Michael Wesch asked students how they learn, what they need to learn,
their goals, hopes, dreams, what their lives will be like, and what kinds of changes they will experience in their lifetime.
Beloit College Mindset ListUse your first class to “situate yourself with your
students.”Create an ice breaker or steal one from a website
or colleague ( p. 2)Avoid buying into myths: My colleagues will lose
respect. They’ll think I’m spending valuable class time on fun and games.
College Student DevelopmentSeven Vectors Seven Tasks for First-
YearsDeveloping CompetenceManaging EmotionsDeveloping AutonomyEstablishing IdentityFreeing Interpersonal
RelationshipsDeveloping PurposeDeveloping Integrity
Chickering, A. (1972). Education and Identity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Making FriendsGetting Good GradesEstablishing Future GoalsManaging TimeBeing on One’s Own
Without Family and Friends
Establishing an IdentityMaintaining Physical Self*Brower, A. (1990). Student perceptions of life-task
demands as a mediator in the freshman year experience. Journal of the Freshman Year Experience, 2(2), 7-30. 1-8/92
Generation MeJean M. Twenge, Ph.D.Generation Me: Jean Twenge, Ph.D.Those now from elementary school to
thirty-some-things The majority of CCRI students were
born between 1978-1993The results of twelve studies on
generational differences based on data from 1.3 million Americans
Focus on those born in 70’s, 80’s, 90’s
Generational DifferencesChildren Born Prior to 1970
Children Born Post 1970
Good ChristiansHard WorkersObedient
Shift from obedience, good manners, loyalty and religion to the “Do Your Own Thing” parenting
HappyIndependentOpen Minded
Fall of social rules/rise of the individual
Recent Research
Howe, N. and Strauss, W., Millennials Go To College, 2ndedition, Life Course Associates, (2007)
A Portrait of Generation Next (2006) Pew Research Center
Twenge, J.M. (2006)., Generation Me: Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before
The Rise of NarcissismNegative trait defined as excessive self-importanceOne of the few personality traits that psychologists agree is
almost completely negativeOverly focused on self; lack empathy; feel entitled to privileges;
feel superior to others; more likely to feel hostile, anxious, compromise health, and fight with family and friends
In the 50’s, 12% of teens agreed with statement, “I am an important person.” In the late 80’s, 80% did (almost seven times as many!)
Curricula designed to raise self-esteem likely raised narcissism Ex) Self-Science: The Subject Is Me (instead of biology)
Fosters entitlement: in workplace, young people expect too much too soon: high salaries and promotions; in school, where’s my A?
Rise of NarcissismFrom: Further Evidence of An Increase In Narcissism Among College Students, Twenge, Konrath, Foster, et al.
General Research Self-regulatory behavior is at the heart of being
successful in college.The same study habits that contributed to success in
high school are unrelated to college performance.High school grades and SAT scores together usually
account for 25% of the variance in grade point average.
Time management components are significant predictors of cumulative grade point average and account for more variance than SAT scores.
Personality traits affect individuals’ pursuit of achievement and whether they’ll utilize success strategies that have been taught to them
Personality Variables Related to Academic Achievement
Conceptions of Intelligence Locus of Control
Incremental vs. Entity View
(Dweck and Leggett, 1988)
Growth vs. Fixed Mindset (Dweck, 2006)
Generalized expectancy
Internal vs. External
Internal: Self, Hard work, Effort
External: Luck, fate, chance, powerful others
Another Personality Trait Change: LOCTwenge, Zhang, and Im (2004). It’s Beyond My Control: A Cross Temporal Meta Analysis of Increasing Externality in LOC, 1960-2004
From 1960 to 2002 , college students increasingly believed that their lives were controlled by outside forces as opposed to their own efforts
The average college student in 2002 had a more external loc than 80% of college students in the 60’s
As individualism has increased, so too has externalityLefcourt (1991) describes externality as a “failure to act in
one’s own behalf in trying to remedy unpleasant situations, in the face of potential stress, or in trying to bring about rewarding outcomes
Internal locus of control has been found to be the strongest predictor of achievement with minority students than any other variable (Coleman et al., 1966)
Externality encourages a victim mentality that attributes negative experiences to outside sources, which, in turn, undermines personal responsibility.
Student TransitionsTraditional aged students are transitioning
from adolescents to young adulthoodFrom high school to collegeFrom one institution of higher education to
another (transfers)From unemployment to back to schoolFrom one field to another (job retraining)From one semester to the nextFrom graduation to work
Psychology of AdjustmentDefinition of PsychologyNew students must adjust their mental
processes (mindset) and behaviors (strategies) to be successful in college in four areas:
AcademicSocial EmotionalIntellectual
Academic AdjustmentStudent Reflection:
Study Space Activity:I quickly learned that the rigorous academic program would require more time and effort than my other school. Not to mention a complete overhaul of my studying techniques. The first thing that hit me was that I was no longer able to get the most potential of studying when I try to study in my room. I would need to go to the Library or any quiet study lounge.
Choose a study space on campus that meets the criteria outlined in this chapter. Use this new space for at least an hour to do some course work. Were you more efficient in this new study environment? Why/why not? What have you learned about selecting a study space?
Intellectual AdjustmentBefore coming to college, diversity was a rarely talked about subject in any school I had ever attended. To be honest I was ashamed of this. It was as if diversity was an ugly subject that no one wanted to talk about. It was a refreshing surprise when the first day I walked onto campus here that there was a banner in the Student Union that said something to do with diversity. Until I attended college I was not aware of all that diversity truly meant and what further helped was the class exercise we did on diversity and discrimination. When I had to sit down and examine if I had been discriminated against in my life, and I realized that I had, it made me understand diversity even more and it made the issue hit home even more.
Social Adjustment
Some of my successes this semester were that I was able to make great friends and fit into a group where I feel absolutely comfortable. Having that support system in place, whether it is to have fun or to bounce thoughts off of is a key component to make it through whatever choices one makes in life.
Emotional AdjustmentThe beginning of the school year was stressful. I had to perform well in all of my roles, and there were a lot of people expecting a lot from me. First, I have my family who is expecting me to graduate with honors. They have high expectations because I am the oldest of five siblings and my parents want me to be the best example for my siblings to follow. Then, there are two people who have generously offered to pay for some of my education. They have high expectations of me because they want to see me succeed in the future. I have a boss who relies on me for a lot of his daily tasks. And then, I have my husband who is usually waiting for me to go home and have dinner ready for him.
Feeling Like A FraudImposter Syndrome
“I still believe,” confessed Mike Myers, “that at any time the No-Talent Police will come and arrest me.” Myers is not alone.
The question is, why do so many clearly smart, capable, successful people feel like intellectual frauds who are merely impersonating a competent person?
Dr. Peggy McIntosh, Wellesley CollegeDirector of the Wellesley Centers for Women
Self-ConceptThe thoughts, feeling, attitudes and behaviors that
encompass who we are.
Roger’s called this the “phenomenal field.”
Changes over the lifespan
Openness to Experience/Remove Obstacles Toward growth
I am FILL IN THE BLANK
Academic self-concept
The Phenomenal Field Changes Throughout A SemesterStudent Information Sheet: Beginning of the
semesterpp. 3-6
Intentional Interventions: Week Three, Post Mid-Termspp. 7-9
Success Counseling: Office Hoursp. 10
A Student’s Phenomenal Field
As I’m sure you are slightly curious, what made me come to this revelation was while I was trying to apply myself, I realized I just can’t study properly on my own; I’m just not cut out for this. I have always known that, so it isn’t a big shock. Honestly, I don’t think I am, and never thought I was, going to make it through all four years of college anyway, it’s not for me. I need to just shut up and do this class, no matter how pointless I may think it is; what’s it matter anyhow, even if I learn one thing all year it wouldn’t be a total waste of time. Learning is learning, whether I know I’m doing it or not.
A Student’s Phenomenal FieldProf. Hazard showed little sympathy last year in my parents divorce, my depression and sickness (swine flu that lead to pneumonia). Even though I had an exam grade average of a B- she took away the entire 20% participation without letting me know that I was at risk of losing such a large chunk of my grade. When I would let her know why I was missing she would only send feel better emails, not please come see me, etc. I thought I was being excused.
What to focus on?Reading Strategies and Self-Regulatory
Behaviors
The EnvironmentReading In The Age of Technology
The Internet Is An Interruption SystemHypertext and different media comes at us
simultaneouslyResearch shows we read faster and less
thoroughly as soon as we go on-lineEmail applications check for new messages every
five to ten minutesOffice workers check mail 30 to 4o times per hourEach glance breaks concentration and burdens
working memory: the cognitive penalty severeSwitching costs: every time we shift our attention,
the brain must reorient itself, which further taxes our mental resources
Technology Dry Out Activity, p. p. 11-13
Farewell Facebook
Reading Is Reading: Either You Can Do It or NotThe ability to transfer written
symbols into sounds, decoding, is a skill that can be taught and mastered
Rigfap churbit askane More to reading than making soundsReading comprehension, the ability to
extract meaning from text is not transferable
Tacit Knowledge Exam
Domain Specific KnowledgeBaquacilWinchTenureSphygmomanometerDebentureHistrionicMalapropism
Resources50 Ways to Leave Your Lectern (2003)
Constance C. Staley
Foundations for Learning: Claiming Your Education (3rd Edition) (2012)Laurie L. Hazard and Jean-Paul Nadeau
What the Best College Teachers Do (2004)Ken Bain
Vocabulary Building Strategies
Index Card System (pp. 14-15)
Word Journals
Anything else?
Intertextuality
Instructional ApproachInstructors offer multiple texts and materials of
wide genres to give students the opportunity to:Increase background knowledgeMake connections across and among textsDevelop multiple perspectives, interpretations,
and broader pictures of topic, and develop critical thinking skills (Lenski, 1998)
Pedagogical Tool (p. 16)
Research on Self-Regulation
Laurie L. Hazard
Procrastination is a self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood (Steel, 2007).
Some assert that procrastination is not a problem of time management (Marano, 2007), yet twenty percent of people identify themselves as chronic procrastinators (Marano, 2007)
Self-regulatory behavior is at the heart of being successful in college (White & Kitchen, 1991).
The same study habits that contributed to success in high school are unrelated to college performance (Matt, Perchersky, and Cervantes, 1991)
Time management practices and the ability to combat procrastination are more predictive of first-year college achievement than SAT scores and high school grades combined (Hazard, 1997).
Typical Tools for Time Management Instruction
PrioritizeMake To-Do ListsEngage in Goal SettingCreate Daily, Weekly, Semester Planners
Roadblocks to Effective Time Management Pedagogy and Practices
Laurie L. Hazard
The concept of time management is a misnomerTime on task is rarely addressedMotivation and self-efficacy are not typically
assessedProcrastination behaviors and attitudes are not
identifiedPsychodynamics of procrastination are not
discussedEngagement is not measuredAccountability is not created
Combating Procrastination and Goal Setting Worksheets (pp. 17-21)
Questions?
