LAUNCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE

Chapter 10

EQ: WHAT DIFFICULTIES DID THE

NEW GOVERNMENT FACE? WHAT WERE ITS

ACHIEVEMENTS?

Washington is President!!! Elected by

Electoral College 1789

Established the cabinet Sec. of State:

Thomas Jefferson Sec. of the Treasury:

Alexander Hamilton Sec. of War: Henry

Knox

The Washington Administration Washington is elected

unanimously by the electoral college in 1789 $25,000 per year…big

bucks! Serves 2 terms (1789-97) Appoints Jefferson and

Hamilton to his cabinet Draws lines for two political

parties Immediately move to ally with

France Citizen Genet affair

Work to reduce national debt from the war

Works to establish a national capital Appoints Benjamin Banneker

to survey the city Washington D.C. is born

The Washington Administration Deals with domestic unrest

orderly Whiskey rebellion

Works to deal with the British encroachment

Neutrality in foregoing affairs Refuses a third term

No limits until 22nd Amendment

Retires in 1797 Returns to Mt. Vernon and

farming Serves as an advisor to the

new federal military under President Adams

Judiciary Act (1789) Created the Supreme Court, Federal District and

Circuit Courts and established an attorney general Supreme Court: could hear appeals from the

federal district , state courts and circuit courts. Federal District: jurisdiction over minor criminal

cases, admiralty and maritime cases, and civil actions on federal matters.

Circuit Court : trial court jurisdiction over serious criminal cases and three categories of civil cases: cases where the United States was a plaintiff; cases where at least one of the parties was alien to the United States; and cases between parties of different states if the amount at issue exceeded $500. 1st chief justice: John Jay The number of justices has changed over time

The Bill of Rights Thank you James Madison! Ideological differences

between Federalists and Anti-federalist threaten to derail ratification of the Constitution

Madison offers a compromise Writings of Jon Locke Virginia Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights

Establishes inalienable rights for individuals not spelled out in the Constitution itself

“I believe that the great mass of the people who opposed [the Constitution], disliked it because it did not contain effectual provision against encroachments on particular rights”

Hamilton’s Economic Plan Hamilton’s economic plan

Federal Government should take an active role in the development of the economy

Total debt: 54 million; Hamilton believes debt is good

Federal government would assume debts of states from the war (21.5 million) Develop a system of repayment

(face value plus interest) Develop a system of excise tax to

fund and repay debt (taxed whiskey) Tariff to pay interest on debt: 8% on

imports Instrumental in the

establishment of the Federal Bank in 1791 : print $ and would hold gov’t deposits

Plan favors the wealthy, he thought they would then be willing to lend $ to the gov’t

Small debt state of VA plays lets make a deal: agree if capital is placed on the Potomac River

Father of the National Debt

Hamilton Economics Opposed

Federal bank located in Philadelphia; given 20 year charter

Sets the stage for differing views on the interpretation of the Constitution Jefferson favors strict

construction: interpret Constitution literally (thought states had the right to manage $-states bank is unconstitutional)

Hamilton favors loose construction: broad interpretation of implied and necessary powers

Jefferson resigns his post as secretary of state

Whiskey Rebellion PA 1794 Distillers oppose the

1791 excise tax Tar and feather revenue

collectors Washington sends in

federal troops (13,000) 3 “rebels” killed

Sends message that the gov’t will enforce the law

Two Parties Emerge Two clear political parties had emerged from the

Federalist/Anti-federalist debates Alexander Hamilton– Federalist

Supports French Revolution at first; oppose involvement in war (1789-99)

Want economic trade with Britain; strong central gov’t; support private enterprise

Thomas Jefferson – Jeffersonian Republicans Wants to fight British for France and in defense of American

liberties; support’s states rights British funding Miami Confederacy who terrorize Americans (U.S.

defeats them in Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794) Following victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the

Miami Indians surrendered their claims to Indiana and Ohio Washington- Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

Citizen Genet Affair- wants U.S. to join war against Britain in 1793; outfitting French warships in U.S.

Treaties Jay’s Treaty 1794

British promise to evacuate posts on U.S. soil and pay damages for seized ships; U.S. needs to pay debts owned pre-Revolution

Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 Spain grants U.S. free navigation of Miss. R.

Election of 1796 John Adams (VP to

Washington) – Federalist

Thomas Jefferson – Jeffersonian Republicans

Adams wins the electoral vote and the presidency while Jefferson becomes VP

Pres. & VP from two different

political parties?

Adams Administration Adams lacks the political

savvy of Washington France becomes a threat XYZ Affair

U.S. sends reps to France to negotiate peace with France

French agents demand a bribe for audience with the Prime minister

Outrages the U.S. Leads to undeclared naval

war with France Quasi War: 2 ½ years most

in West Indies Establishment of formal U.S.

Navy and reestablishment of U.S. Marine Corp

France makes Peace Convention of 1800

Ends Quasi War Frees U.S. of prior

alliance with France Signed by John Jay and

Napoleon Bonaparte “Little Corporal”

Adams Administration Alien and Sedition Acts

1st abuse of the federal constitutional power

Sedition Acts Illegal to falsely defame

gov’t officials Illegal to criticize the

government Alien Acts (Laws)

Residence requirements 5 yrs raised to 14 yrs

Arrest/deport alien and citizen peoples deemed a threat to the U.S. during a time of war