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Page 1: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 2: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 3: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

•Late 18th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements

•Early 19th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements

•Döbereiner's "triads" of elements with related or similar properties; e.g., Ca, Sr and Ba

•John Newlands "octaves" or groups of eight elements after which properties seemed to repeat

Page 4: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

German chemist who, independently of Dmitri Mendeleev, developed a periodic classification of the chemical elements. Though originally educated as a physician, he was chiefly interested in chemistry and physics.

(Julius) Lothar Meyer (1830 – 1895)

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. B=11,0 Al=27,3 -- ?In=113,4 Tl=202.7 -- -- -- C=11,97 Si=28 -- Sn=117,8 Pb=206,4 Ti=48 Zr=89,7 -- N=14,01 P=30,9 As=74,9 Sb=122,1 Bi=207,5 V=51,2 Nb=93,7 Ta=182,2 O=15,96 31,98 Se=78 Te=128? -- Cr=52,4 Mo=95,6 W=183,5 -- F=19,1 Cl=35,38 Br=79,75 J=126,5 -- Mn=54,8 Ru=103,5 Os=198,6 ? Fe=55,9 Rh=104,1 Ir=196,7

Co=Ni=58,6

Pd=106,2 Pt=196,7

Li=7,01 Na=22,99 K=39,04 Rb=85,2 Cs=132,7 --

Cu=63,3 Ag=107,66

Au=196,2

?Be=9.3 Mg=23,9 Ca=39,9 Sr=87,0 Ba=136,8 -- Zn=64,9 Cd=111,6 Hg=199,8

Page 5: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

DIM

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I MEN

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Began working on his periodic table of the elements in the late 1860s.

Arranged the known 63 elements by their atomic weights and organized them into groups possessing similar properties.

Where there were gaps, he correctly predicted the properties for the undiscovered elements (gallium, scandium and germanium).

Page 6: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Established the concept of atomic numbers.

Henry Moseley (1887-1915)

Showed that the ordering of the wavelengths of the x-ray emissions of the elements coincided with the ordering of the elements by atomic number(1913).

Developed periodic table based on atomic number.

Page 7: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

PERIODIC LAW

PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

ARE PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

OF THEIR ATOMIC NUMBERS

Page 8: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

in 1951, Seaborg was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work. Element 106 has been named seaborgium (Sg) in his honor.

GLENN SEABORG (1912-1999)

starting with plutonium in 1940, he discovered all the transuranium elements from 94 to 102

reconfigured the periodic table by placing the actinide series below the lanthanide series

Page 9: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Page 10: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 11: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 12: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Properties of Major Divisions

Metals

lusterous, shiny typically solids at room

temperature (except Hg) good conductors of heat and

electricity malleable and ductile tend to lose electrons easily (form

cations)

Page 13: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Properties of Major Divisions

Nonmetals do not have a metallic luster poor conductors of heat and

electricity may be solid, liquid or gas at

room temperature (majority are gases)

not malleable, not ductile tend to gain electrons (form

anions)

Page 14: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Properties of Major Divisions

Semi-metals (metalloids)have properties that are

intermediatebetween metals and nonmetals.

Page 15: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 16: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 17: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 18: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 19: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 20: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 21: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Page 22: Late 18 th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements Early 19 th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements Döbereiner's "triads" of elements

Elmsley, John, The Elements,3rd Ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford,1998.

Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World, LeMay, et al., Prentice Hall, 1996.

http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,53705+1+52397,00.html

http://www.crosswinds.net/~smarsden/unit04/l6u4.htmhttp://www.thirteen.org/archive/hawking/cosmostar/html/cstars_mendel.html

http://www.sweethaven.com/chemele/pertab01.html

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