Last Lecture: Globalization and Review

Lecture 24: Thursday, 6 May 2010J A Morrison 1

Final Exam• Submission

– Plan to Submit by 10:00 PM on Friday, 14 May– Final Deadline: 10:30 PM on Friday, 14 May

Do not be even a minute late!– Max Length: 1700 words (all inclusive)

• Format: – Q1 (400 words): Select 1 of several questions– Q2 (650 words): Everyone answers same question– Q3 (650 words): Select 1 of several questions– Silly Bonus (worth zero points)

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Lec 24: Globalization & Review

I. GlobalizationII. Course ReviewIII. Discussion QuestionsIV.Evaluations

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Lec 24: Globalization & Review

I. GlobalizationII. Course ReviewIII. Discussion QuestionsIV.Evaluations

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I. GLOBALIZATION1. What is Globalization?2. Globalization in Context3. Implications of Globalization

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So, what is this phenomenon “globalization”?

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The literal meaning of globalization is rendering things global. (OED)

A more precise formulation would run: “fundamental changes in the spatial and

temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of space or territory

undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial

forms of human activity.” (Stanford Encycl. of Philosophy)

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Globalization, then, is really about the minimization of the (potential) significance

of differences across space and the changes in life that follow as a result.

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Barriers to Globalization• Natural Barriers

– Transportation and Communication Costs– Historical Legacies (e.g. trade networks)

• Contrived Barriers– Linguistic and Cultural Barriers– Politically-Imposed Restrictions (tariffs, &c.) These limits may be increased or decreased

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The level of these limits determines the potential level of globalization, the extent of differences across space.

If the level of globalization may fluctuate, how has the level of globalization changed

over time?

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I. GLOBALIZATION1. What is Globalization?2. Globalization in Context3. Implications of Globalization

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Globalization encompasses more than just “economic” phenomena…

But we typically use “economic” measures to determine the level of globalization.

Specifically, we look at the amount of movement of: people, goods & services,

and capital.

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Two Eras of Globalization• Two Eras

– 1st Age: Mid-19th Century to 1914– 2nd Age: 1945 to Present

• Similar Causes– Revolutions in transportation & communication– Commitment by states to decrease impediments

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When was Globalization Greatest? It depends on the measure!

• Trade: Share of Exports in World Output – Peaked in 1913– This point was not surpassed until 1970

• Capital: Flows relative to National Income– Level of integration still has not reached the levels

achieved among developed countries between 1870 and 1913

14Grieco & Ikenberry. State Power & World Markets. pp 5, 217.

I. GLOBALIZATION1. What is Globalization?2. Globalization in Context3. Implications of Globalization

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Globalization has implications for social, political, and economic

outcomes.

(We’re particularly interested in the latter two.)

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The Social Implications• The Division of Labor in Society

(1893)• Globalization affects social

organization• Mechanical Solidarity: bonds forced

by proximity– E.g. members of same tribes

• Organic Solidarity: bonds developed by interdependence– E.g. individuals with similar internal

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Émile Durkheim

Political Implications• Reorganization of the International System

– Non-state actors (MNCs, NGOs, &c) become major players in IP

– Changes in distribution of power

• Changes in Accountability– States respond to different groups than do MNCs

or NGOs

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Economic Implications• Development: Does globalization make the pie

bigger?• Distribution: Who enjoys the gains brought by

globalization?– Developed countries?– Developing countries?– MNCs?– Consumers?

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Lec 24: Globalization & Review

I. GlobalizationII. Course ReviewIII. Discussion QuestionsIV.Evaluations

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So, we’ve covered a lot of ground this term.

The following are what I consider to be the three most significant

“takeaway” points from the course.

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(1) The stakes of international politics are

unusually high.

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We study some of the most pressing issues of our time—from

terrorism to climate change.

And the decisions made can have incredible effects…

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They can advance the cause of liberty…

lift continents out of poverty…

and ensure the persistence of our species.

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Or…

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They can abet slavery…

inflict inconceivable suffering…

and annihilate our species.

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I think that studying international politics will make a difference…

…regardless of whether you become a policymaker or just an

informed citizen.

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(2) The facets of international politics—economy, security, and

organization—are inextricably linked. You cannot study any one in

isolation from the others.

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(3) In IP, we rely heavily on theories to help us navigate these waters. We have a lot of theories of IP; and there

is more than one way in which we can organize

them.

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Lec 24: Globalization & Review

I. GlobalizationII. Course ReviewIII. Discussion QuestionsIV.Evaluations

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Discussion Questions• Asymmetric Violence

– When is asymmetric violence justified?– Can we fight a war on terror?– Who is our enemy?– How does Mumbai fit into things?

• Globalization– Is globalization good or bad?– How should we regulate it?

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Evaluations

• Fill in circle completely• Use blue or black ink• Please share your thoughts!

Thank you!

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