last copy

Live-In-Field Experience (LFE-201)Spring ‘15

Sec-09

Group- 12

VENUE: RANGPUR TMSS

Final Report

Submitted by:

Shahnur alam (surjo) ------- 1120711Sayem Siddiqui----------------1130496Saud Bin A.Mannan----------1130460Nowreen Farha Imam--------1210687Kazi Nahid Bin Kashem------1221074

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

Submitted to:

MR. ABDUL BATEN

LECTURER, SESM

INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH.

1

SUBMISSION ON DATE: 15/03/2015

ContentsLetter of transmittal……………………………………………………………………………………...….5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5

Introduction: 6

Objectives of the LFE: 7

Limitations:.............................................................................................................................................7

Descriptions of Study Area: 8

RAJENDRAPUR 8

Rajendrapur at a glance:..........................................................................................................................8

SHODDOPOSKURNI 9

Soddopuskorini at a glance:.....................................................................................................................9

CHANDAHPATH 10

ChandanPath at a glance:......................................................................................................................10

Village Mapping:....................................................................................................................................12

Techniques of village mapping:.............................................................................................................12

Site selection:........................................................................................................................................12

Rapport building:...................................................................................................................................12

Surrounding Para:..................................................................................................................................16

GPS Coordinate Of Chandanpath:.........................................................................................................16

SHODDOPOSKURNI 17

Surrounding Area:.................................................................................................................................17

RAJENDRAPUR 18

Surrounding Para:..................................................................................................................................19

Population of ChandanPath:..................................................................................................................19

Age and Sex distribution:.......................................................................................................................20

Marital Status:.......................................................................................................................................21

Family Type:...........................................................................................................................................21

Occupation:...........................................................................................................................................22

Income Range:.......................................................................................................................................22

School and College:...............................................................................................................................23

2

House type:...........................................................................................................................................23

Shops:....................................................................................................................................................23

Religion:.................................................................................................................................................24

Mosque and Temple:.............................................................................................................................24

Sources of water:...................................................................................................................................24

Sanitation:.............................................................................................................................................24

Cultivation:............................................................................................................................................24

Trees:.....................................................................................................................................................24

Local and village medical center and doctor facility:.............................................................................24

Environmental pollution:.......................................................................................................................24

Hut and Bazaar:.....................................................................................................................................25

Animals:.................................................................................................................................................25

Important Place and Obstruct:..............................................................................................................25

Climate:.................................................................................................................................................25

Methodology: 26

P.R.A:.....................................................................................................................................................26

Questionnaire Survey:...........................................................................................................................27

Time Analysis:........................................................................................................................................27

Class Analysis:........................................................................................................................................27

Individual Interview:..............................................................................................................................27

Social Map & Milestone:........................................................................................................................27

GPS Coordinate of Household:..............................................................................................................33

Location of Chandanpath:.....................................................................................................................34

Household tracks:..................................................................................................................................34

Social Map & Milestone:........................................................................................................................35

household list :......................................................................................................................................37

GPS Coordinates of the households:.....................................................................................................40

Household tracks:..................................................................................................................................41

Social Map:............................................................................................................................................41

Location of Rajendrapur:......................................................................................................................42

Market Analysis 48

3

Some Basic Information:........................................................................................................................48

Rural medicine:......................................................................................................................................48

Market information:..............................................................................................................................49

Objective of Market Analysis:................................................................................................................49

Value chain:...........................................................................................................................................50

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN: 52

Statement of the problem: 55

Discussion: 55

Final topic: 56

Technological innovation in agriculture and its impacts on...................................................................56

Agri-production.....................................................................................................................................56

Currently available Technologies:..........................................................................................................57

Water source:........................................................................................................................................59

Restrictions:...........................................................................................................................................60

Possible technologies to use:.................................................................................................................60

The things to be done to use them........................................................................................................66

Learning: 67

Reference: 67

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL March 15, 2015

MOHHAMED ABDUL BATENLECTURER, SESMINDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH

Subject: Letter of Transmittal for the LFE Report, Autumn LFE 2015.

Dear Sir, With most pleasure, we are from group 09, would like to present this LFE report on the study conducted during 2th January to 11th January, 2015 for the course Live in Field Experience (LFE) on Cahandanpath, Rajendrapurwith village people.

Through questionnaire survey, and observation I have tried my best to learn about the demography, geography, changes of social condition, economy and agriculture, the impact of

4

seasonality of various aspects of agriculture, health and environment, and rural market analysis of the village. This was an immense experience for me and I have learnt a lot about the culture, beliefs and norms of the village scenario.

I highly appreciate and acknowledge this overall effort of IUB for arranging this sort of course. If any sort of clarification is required regarding the report, we will be pleased to meet any queries.

Sincerely yours,

Shahnur alam (surjo) --------------------Sayem Siddiqui --------------------Saud Bin A.Mannan --------------------Kazi Nahid Bin Kashem --------------------Nowreen Farha Imam --------------------

Group 12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, thanks to the Almighty for making it possible for me to finished this report. I express our honest gratitude to our faculty members, G.M.WaliUllah, Abdul Baten, ShafiqulAlam, SadiaHaque and Tanvir Ahmed Haroon for their relentless guidance. I also owe many thanks to TMSS staffs for their hospitality. I am very much grateful to them. I would like to thank to all the villagers who provided us much realistic information about the village many more inhabitants of Chandanpath union for their warm hospitable treatment. Without their enthusiastic cooperation, the study would not have been possible. The success of this report depends on the contributing of a number of people, especially those who take the time to share their thoughtful guidance and suggestions to improve this report.

5

I would like to thank IUB (Independent University, Bangladesh) for having such a wonderful and unique course through which I get the chance to learn and experience about a rural Bangladesh village. It will certainly have a lifetime impact on me and I would always be looking for opportunities to do something for our poor villagers. This short but long lasting LFE program has shown me the other side of the world, which I wouldn’t have seen otherwise. Now I feel I have more responsibilities towards our country and the village people who have always been our strong hands.

Finally, I would like to thank others who have provided any kind of information about my report. Last but not least, we thank IUB for allowing us to conduct the research and writing the report.

INTRODUCTION:To serve the nation and humankind the Independent university, Bangladesh (IUB) aims at building leadership qualities among the students. To accomplish its goal IUB offers a mandatory course to all IUB students. This course is the LFE program, which is planned to enjoy with education to the students to learn how to conduct a typical village survey. Bangladesh is an agricultural country and most of the people live in village. There are enormous distinction between the rural and the urban lifestyles. LFE gives the students an idea of what the villages of Bangladesh are all about. Life is not only about the study of rural life, it is also about the study of the major culture and mode of creation of Bangladesh. The true characteristics of a nation can be consequential from its heredity, its culture and its tradition. But regrettably true nature has been a label views of green trees. Verdant field and some hard working people. Inundated in poverty, poorly constructed hats, green environment and some hard working people , darkness of the education, health and some other section these are the ideas most city dwellers, like us have regarding the rural life. But it would be totally wrong if we think like that. At present time villagers brought a huge change in their perception, their way of living and their attitude. Like the urban people they are aware about their perception, their way of living and their attitude.

6

Like the rural people they are aware about their right and their life but only thing they lack is the opportunity. The LFE experience gives us the opportunity to learn about our country especially rural vicinities. We did our LFE program in Rangpur TMSS and our assign village is chandanpath, Rajendropur, Soddopuskorini union,.

OBJECTIVES OF THE LFE:LFE (Live in Field Experience) is a unique program provided by IUB only that basically takes place in different rural parts in Bangladesh. It enables IUB students to know about the villages and rural people as far as possible. From 2nd to 13th January, 2015 we did our LFE field work to the assigned para, “ChandanPath, Rajendropur, Soddopuskorini” in Rangpur. It is a fact that nearly all the students of IUB have been grow up in urban areas and it is reality that they have little or no idea about “Gram Bangla”. But our entire root is from “Gram Bangla”. So, it is our duty to know about them and their life style. IUB gives me that opportunity. IUB students have an opportunity to go to the village and villagers by the help of Live-In-Field Experience course to know about the real picture of rural life and find out our origin The purpose of LFE is manifold. One of the prime objectives of the study is to familiarize us with socio-economic condition of the villagers. Our lives in the cities are independent from those of villagers and therefore our only exposure to rural life is via this LFE program. It is important to gather both positive and negative social changes that have taken place since the liberation. By studying these changes we can identify with some, determine which changes we should rapidly adopt and changes and values, which I should refrain from adopting.

The research focuses on finding out enough information on the following objectives:

The structure of the village (village map).

The social changes in the village and the reasons for the changes and a comparison between the past and the present.

Wealth and resource owned by the villagers (peasants/farmers).

Seasonality production of the village by understanding the production cycle and pricing of crops.

The market structure of the village focusing on the economic perspective, the process of exchange, the marketing activities, the price of their products in the market, value adding process, and also focusing on the awareness of the villagers towards the changing market.

7

Limitations:

During our survey in Chandanpath, Shoddoposkurni and Rajendrapur village we have discovered few limitations. These are as follows:

Time constraint was the main problem for us. We would have been much conclusive in our work if we would have got more time.

Communication barrier was a matter of concern for us as the distance was quit far from our starting point that is TMSS to the destination that is Chandanpath, Shoddoposkurni and Rajendrapur union Gram. Sometimes it was difficult for us to read their leaps as their style of speaking is quite different than ours. Besides they use different terms, which had not previously heard by us.

We almost struggled to know their annual income and expenditure, as they do not feel comfortable to provide us such information.

Our survey was conducted during the pick hour when most of the villagers work. So we have to impede the villagers from their schedule work and talk to them.

Having said all these limitations we have still managed to seek out the necessary information and have conducted our survey. Yet to mention that we have to burn in the sun all throughout the day to make our survey a fruitful one.

DESCRIPTIONS OF STUDY AREA:

RAJENDRAPUR

Rajendrapur at a glance:

In the current millennium at the peak of human civilization most of the countries are rushing towards postindustrial technology based modern society, we, the people of Bangladesh are far behind with that of the developed countries of the modern age. Majority of the population is the inhabitants of rural society where investor-consumer relationship is well entranced to evaluate the development of the whole motherland we have to pay a specific and sympathetic view to these irony-fated poor villages.

Area of 6387 Acores Village: 09 Household: 7753

8

Total Population: Male-16983 Female-15651, Total-37634 College-03 High School: 05 Primary School: 14 (Gvt.) Madrasa: 01 Haat & Bazar: 2

No of community clinic: 03

Health and family planning center: 01

The word we know ‘Gram’ as an ethnic grouping of partial members of the society. It is acommunity all together with diverse ethnicity. The pastoral part possesses a more or less soleculture of their own with a diverse mind-set, custom and conviction. In order to be aware of theGram we have to ascertain and gain knowledge from the people of the Gram and find our feet to their lifestyle.

SHODDOPOSKURNI

Soddopuskorini at a glance:


Area of 3267 km Cultivable Land: 7598.02 Decimals Village: 12 Household: 8215

9

Total Population: Male-8320 Female-8300, Total-16620 High School: 5 Primary School: 18 (Gvt.) Madrasa: 1 Mosque: 4 Temple: 2 Haat & Bazar: 2


CHANDAHPATH

ChandanPath at a glance:


Area of 7428 Decimals Cultivable Land: 7598.02 Decimals

10

Village: 12 Household: 8215 Total Population: Male-16640 Female-16507, Total-33147 High School: 3 Primary School: 41 (Gvt.) Madrasa: 2 Mosque: 4 Temple: 2 Haat & Bazar: 2


Health and family planning center: 01

The word we know ‘Gram’ as an ethnic grouping of partial members of the society. It is acommunity all together with diverse ethnicity. The pastoral part possesses a more or less soleculture of their own with a diverse mind-set, custom and conviction. In order to be aware of theGram we have to ascertain and gain knowledge from the people of the Gram and find our feet to their lifestyle.

The following diagram can expose the composition of a “GRAM”:

One or several chulas/stoves make a Bari or a house. Chulas/stoves means cooking place of any house. Several baris make different ‘Gusti’. Like “GhosherGusti”. That means more than one

11

GRAM GUSTI BARIPARA CHULA

family is there whose surname is Ghosh. Those families altogether constitute a ‘Gusti’. And several ‘Gustis’ constitute ‘Para’. And as like before, several paras make a ‘Gram’, which in English we call the ‘Village’. And we have 68,000 villages in our country.

Modhopara&Paikanparapara was our study area, which is part of the “Chandanpath” Union village.

Village Mapping:

The major technique of P.R.A. (Participatory Rural Appraisal) and R.R.A. (Rapid Rural Appraisal) is the village mapping. It is a different form of map that demonstrates the main and unimportant resources as well as the social structure of a village. It is a different form of geological map because the villagers using their own ideas and techniques to draw it. Therefore, a village map gives a more or less clear vision of the different resources and social condition of a village. It doesn’t maintain all the standards of map drawing, but it is more or less specific.

Through the help of P.R.A. technique, we have been able to generate enough feedback from the villagers to construct the village map. This was our first step in P.R.A. building. Village map includes the overall picture of the Gram with its geographical data.

Our study area Modhopara & Paikanpara para is in the Chandanpath Union to Rangpursadar of Rangpur District to collect the data for our report. With the help of a village map we can find out its resources and conditions and we can know about that village more specifically. In this report we tried to build up a map of ChandanPath union in Rangpur district. In this map we tried to describe each of these zones in as much detail as possible. The things that come into our consideration were education economic condition, culture, population health and environment factors in this village.

Techniques of village mapping:

Site selection:

First we have to select a clean, open place where the selected villager will draw his village map. The place should be such that more people can sit together. This is because one man can do several mistakes; other people will make him correct.

12

Rapport building:

Rapport building means building relationship with the villagers. So, the villagers will feel free to share information. This is a major aspect of PRA technique. The PRA team should make the environment in such a way that the villagers feel themselves more important; they do not feel uncomfortable and do not hesitate to share the feeling with the PRA team. Thus, it is important that by building a good relationship with the villagers an exact map can be extracted from the villagers. Another concept exists there. The team members should behave with the people in such a way that, they do not know anything and the villagers are teaching them.

We can build rapport with the villagers by the following ways:

i) We should build report with the villagers by talking with them while walking through the village.

ii) We should ask the villagers from which direction we will get a clear idea about the village, its natural resources, surroundings etc.

iii) We should ask the villagers in a fixed format, the format includes:

i) what,ii) when, iii) where, iv) who,v) why, vi) How.

iv) While walking through in the village, we should carefully observe the surroundings: like how the land is used, if there is any tube-well, pond or any mosque or any graveyard is there. In brief, we should keep our eyes open.

v) We should ask the villagers the name of the trees or crops, which are unfamiliar.

After finishing the transect walk, we should write all the data in a tabular form. And then we should reconfirm it by the villagers.

13

Surrounding Para:

Moddho paraPaikar paraHindu para

GPS Coordinate Of Chandanpath:

Latitude Longitude

Latitude : 25.733585357666016(approximately)

Longitude : 89.16280364990234(approximately)

ChandanPath is very near from TMSS. It took maximum 25 minutes to reach in Chandan Path from TMSS. The village is not too much small. By religion people are Hindu and Muslim. There is a large number of cultivate land. The village is far away from public medical treatment. But fortunately now the village is being developed. The children are now started to go to school. Transportation facility is being developed.

16

SHODDOPOSKURNI

Surrounding Area:

Mistri ParaBania Para

Soddopuskorini is very near from TMSS. It took maximum 40 minutes to reach in Soddopuskorini from TMSS. The village is not too much small. By religion people are Hindu and Muslim. There is a large number of cultivate land. The village is far away from public medical treatment. But fortunately now the village is being developed. The children are now started to go to school. Transportation facility is being developed.

17

RAJENDRAPUR

18

Surrounding Para:

BaniaparaBashontiparaGhoonapara

Rajendrapur is very near from TMSS. It took maximum 25 minutes to reach in Rajendrapur from TMSS. The village is not too much small. By religion people are Hindu and Muslim. There is a large number of cultivate land. The village is far away from public medical treatment. But fortunately now the village is being developed. The children are now started to go to school. Transportation facility is being developed.

Communication and Transport:

Tractors are more availabe in this village. People also use rickshaw, Motor bike, By Cycle, Auto and Cattle Car etc. Vans are also use in this village.

Population of ChandanPath:

There are around 5000-6500 people in ChandanPath. For our survey we took 10 families from the Moddhopara to conduct our survey. In our selected houses we found total 55 members. In this 55 people 20 of them were male (18 and above), 19 of them were female (18 and above) and 16 of them were below 18.

19

Age and Sex distribution:

Age Group

Male Female Total

0-17 9 7 1618-30 10 9 1931-50 10 10 20

We surveyed 10 families in Moddhopara and there was 19 people were in between 0-17 age which we are called non adult, 19 were in between 18-30age, and 20 were in between 31-50age limit surprisingly their death rate is very low.

20

Marital Status:

Marital Status People Percentage Married 41 74.5% Unmarried 14 25.5% Total 35 100%

From the table we can see that 41 people married in our survey group. The number of unmarried is 14 with.

Family Type:

Family type No. of Family Percentage Nuclear 6 60% Joint 4 40% Total 10 100%

21

In our study we found 6 out of 10 families were nuclear families while the rest 4 were joint families. This indicates a changing trend towards the Nuclear family type. People seem to prefer this type of family structure over the other which implies the people may be getting more individualistic rather than collective.

Occupation:

The majority of the people of ChandanPath are engaged indifferent occupation like driving, day labor etc. Agriculture is their main occupation they do agriculture for their own. The laborers have no agricultural lands. They work on the lands owned by others. The businessmen or petty shop owners have their shops. Some of the people of Para serve in those shops. The women of the Para are mostly housewives. They are usually engaged in household works and look after their families. Some of them are day labor.

Income Range:

Most of the people of the Para are among middle income group. Their income varies between 5000 to 14000tk.

22

Income range(monthly)

No. of Family Percentage

2500-4000 2 20% 5000-14000 7 70% 20000-30000 1 10%

Source: Field Survey

As we can see in the table in our assigned families we find 2 families whose monthly income is 2500 to 4000tk and we find 7 families whose monthly income is 5000 to 14000tk. But we find only 1 rich family.

School and College:

There are 4 schools at ChandanPath village. One of them is Primary School and one is High school. There has one madrasha and one blind school. These schools are contributing towards social development of Chandan Path Village by providing children proper education.

House type:

People here live in Chandan Path hard life to earn their livelihood. 2/3 of the houses in Kushirgul were semi bricked like tin roofed and brick walled. Rich and middle class people were afforded to live in semi bricked house. The lower middle class people that are lived in tin shed houses. Poor people lived in Bamboo Thatch house.

Shops:

There were four shops in Chandan Path. The shops are contained with necessary products like paddy, dal, oil, sugar, spices that People are needed to lead their daily life. Out of four three shops are in moddho para and one are in paike para.

23

Religion:

Both Muslim and Hindu live in Chandan Path. Muslims are majority here. 40% people in village were Hindu. There were no other people belonging to other religion. In this village the hindu people lives in an another para.

Mosque and Temple:

There is Four Mosque in ChandanPath. There is no temple in village.

Sources of water:

People of ChandanPath village are largely dependent on the tube wells for their everyday needs. Tube well is primarily essential for drinking and cooking. For other purposes like washing dishes, cloths, bath the villagers used pond.

Sanitation:

People of ChandanPath are now a days aware of hygienic sanitation. That’s why 50% villagers have ring slab sanitation systemand others people are used for their sanitation in empty place or field area.

Cultivation:

The soil in this area is suitable for cultivation. So now a day there is maximus number of farmer are there in village. People of ChandanPath mainly cultivate paddy like Amon, Robi and vegetable like Tobacco, Potato and Chilly plant etc.

Trees:

We got to see huge of vegetation ChandanPath. As we have mentioned that the soil type is suitable for plantation. It is strange that there are too many mangos, jackfruit tress. By visiting village we have found many banana trees, gouache tree, and coconut tree. Mainly the major open space is covered by bamboo bush.

Local and village medical center and doctor facility:

There are no village medical Centre and doctor facilities in ChandanPath village. But there have a Paramedical Community clinic .In serious Sick, They have to go Rangpur town if they need any treatment.

Environmental pollution:

There was no major source of environmental pollution in ChandanPath and the impact of that pollution to the general environment was little. The only source of pollution we could was the burning of leaves, butan in kitchens that were the only source of fuel. Except this villagers dump the wastage here and there that crate pollution.

24

Hut and Bazaar:

There is a no bazaar inside the village but there is bazaar which held every day at near chandanpath union porishod.

Animals:

The people of ChandanPath rear cows and goats. Birds include mostly domestic birds like chicken, ducks, cocks, hens.

Important Place and Obstruct:

Important places and obstruct that we found through our survey Mosque &Madrasha: 4 Educational intuitions: In Chondonpat there are 2 schools, one is Chondonpat

high school one and one college (Karmicle Degree College) Pukur:2 ta Shopping complex: Chondonpath shopping complex Health care center: Chondonpath Upozila health complex Edgar math Building: Chondonpat school building. Monument: Sohid miner. River: Jamuna, Matathbanga, Koshigaya.

Climate:

Annual average temperature 34.6degree Cal, minimum 9 degree cal. Annual rainfall is 1610mm. As we were present there during the winter we have witnessed the cold weather of the area. The following picture represents a foggy morning of Rangpur.

25

METHODOLOGY:We have carried out our survey in Modhopara&Paikanpara Para under the Chahndanpath Union. Upzilla- Rangpursadar& District- Rangpur. We had studied the Milestone to collect the required both primary and secondary data for 10 days. We have mainly applied two methods for collecting the data:

♦ Milestone for qualitative data.

♦ Questionnaire Survey for quantitative data.

Below we have discussed about the methods we used in details:

P.R.A:

P.R.A (milestone) stands for Participatory Rural Appraisal. It is a method of collecting information of the particular village or para by gathering the village people in a common place like tea stall, to a famous person’s house or to a school premise. During the meeting time, we divide the work amongst the five group members and start gathering the required information of the village from the villagers.

26

Questionnaire Survey:

We were given out 25 questionnaires on the orientation class. Each five members of the group will survey five houses, in total 25 houses in the village. To gather the information needed for the questionnaire we have used the following ways:

Time Analysis:

To find the present and past causes and effects of the social change of the village, we had to look for the oldest and elderly persons in the para. By analyzing their information according to the time frame, we can generate the reasons and effects of the social changes at present.

Class Analysis:

We have divided the respondents according to their social customary and status for the wealth ranking part. For this division we had to look up their house patterns, their wealth and assets like land, TV, radio, furniture, cycle, etc. and their monthly income. We went into the houses of the families and observed their possessions and interviewed them to fill out the questionnaires

Individual Interview:

In another means, we have accumulated the required information for the questionnaire was by taking the personal interview. We took interview of each household head or his wife or son whoever was present at that moment.

For market analysis, we have gone to the haat and interviewed the Medicine store owner & local people. The ideas and views we gathered, has helped us a lot to judge the difference between the various features of the village people.

Besides these, we have taken some of the snaps with the help of the camera & GPS system for tracking the requirements of the report and had observed their belongings and different places of their houses during our survey.

After collecting the data, we have looked for the findings and made the analysis to materialize the information. We have also taken the help from the book.

Social Map & Milestone:

The major technique of P.R.A. (milestone) (Participatory Rural Appraisal) is the Social mapping. It is a different form of map that demonstrates the main and unimportant resources as well as the social structure of a village. It is a different form of geological map because the villagers using their own ideas and techniques to draw it

We make a social map using Traditional thing and milestone.

27

Serial No.

Name of the Village

Household Name Address Milestone

01. Chandanpath Abu Sayem C/O, Abu Sayem

Vill/Para: Maddhapara,

Union: Chandapath, Upazilla:Rangpur Sadar Zilla,

Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight we

will get a meat shop and then right turn and

straight to walk about 20-22 metre and then left turn ,you will get a lane you walk 10 m straight

and turn left to the destination

02. Chandanpath Abdul Halim C/O, Abdul Halim

Vill/Para: Maddhapara,


Rangpur.


will get a meat shop and then right turn and

straight to walk about 20-21 metre and then left turn ,you will get a lane

29

you walk 10 m straight and turn left to the

destination

03. Chandanpath Hanifur C/O, Hanifur

Vill/Para: Maddapara,


Rangpur.


will get a Madrasa (Baniapara Forkania

Madrasa), then opposite side and 1St left Home of

Hanifur’s House.

04. Chandanpath Taimur Hossain C/O, Taimur hossain



Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight 150-200 metre long and then

turn right, the 1st left house is Taimur’s House

05. Chandanpath Abdul Rahim C/O, Abdul Rahim



Rangpur.

Beside Taimur’s House

06. Chandanpath Anamul C/O, Abu Sayem



Rangpur.


turn right, the 2st left house is Anamul’s

House

07. Chandanpath Ajkar Ali C/O, Anamul



Rangpur.


turn right, the 2st left house is Anamul’s

House and Ajkar Ali’s House is beside

30

Anamul’s House .

08. Chandanpath Rajib Ali C/O, Rajab Ali



Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight 250-295 metre long and then turn left beside Anamul’s

House to Rajib Ali’s House.

09. Chandanpath Ekramul C/O, Ekramul

Vill/Para:Paikanpara,


Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight 250-295 metre long and left side Rajib Ali’s brother

Ekramul.

10. Chandanpath Fojlu Haque C/O, Fojlu Haque



Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight till then PAKOR TREE , then turn right and go through the passage of

crops and then walk until the sugarcane harvested land and then turn right

to a lane. Fajlu’s house is the 1st right house of the

lane

11. Chandanpath Rashedul C/O, Rashedul



Rangpur.

From Chandanpath High School go straight till PAKOR TREE , then

turn right and go through the passage of crops and

then walk until the sugarcane crop land and then turn right to a lane and then walk 20 -25

metre through the lane , the second house of the

left is Rashedul’s House.

31

12. Chandanpath Mojammel C/O, Mojammel



Rangpur.




metre through the lane , the third house of the

left is Rashedul’s House.

13. Chandanpath Mahmud Ali C/O, Mahmud ali



Rangpur.



then walk until the sugarcane crop land and then turn right to a lane

and then walk 30-40 metre through the

lane ,the 1st house of the left is Mahmud ali’s

House.

14. Chandanpath Mojmul Haque C/O, Mojamul Haque



Rangpur.



then walk until the sugarcane crop land and then turn right to a lane

and then walk 30-40 metre through the lane ,

turn right to saw Madrash , then opposite side house is Mojamul

32

hoque

15. Chandanpath Sohrif Uddin C/O, Sohrif Uddin



Rangpur.




metre through the lane , , turn right to saw

Madrash, Mr Sohrif Uddin’s house beside the

Madrash.

GPS Coordinate of Household:

Serial No. Number of Household Household Name GPS Coordinate

01 Household 01 Abu Sayem Latitude : 25.733585357666016

Longitude : 89.16280364990234

02 Household 03 Hanifur Latitude : 25.733224868774414

Longitude : 89.16297149658203

03 Household 05 Abdul Rahim Latitude : 25.73361587524414

Longitude : 89.6262817383813

04 Household 09 Ekramul Latitude : 25.734764099121094

Longitude : 89.16454315185547

05 Household 10 Fojlu Haque Latitude : 25.735456466674805

Longitude : 89.16451363427734

33

06 Household 11 Rashedul Latitude : 25.73538073739492

Longitude : 89.1643736694336

07 Household 12 Mojammel Latitude : 25.73535919189453

Longitude : 89.1640853881836

08 Household 13 Mahmud Ali Latitude : 25.734983444213868

Longitude : 89.16471862792969

09 Household 14 Mojmul Haque Latitude : 25.73483444216838

Longitude : 89.164574248639

10 Household 15 Sohrif Uddin Latitude : 25.73589834564326

Longitude : 89.1648367417483748

Location of Chandanpath:

Our study area Chandanpath union is situated in the northeast part of Rangpur District. It encompasses an area of 7428 Decimal. The entire village falls under the RangpurSadar Upozilla and topology is mixed type of land. Our para is quite resourceful and it has a little area of land with a good fertility along with five ponds. Such a resource provides benefit to the villagers of Modhopara & Paikanpara.

The study findings also revealed that Chandanpath is a more or less developing village. The villagers have strong communal feelings. There are a health care facilities or pharmacy in the village. The economic condition of the village is a sustainable and almost all of them are Farmer. The villagers lead a bit comfortable, sometimes hard life.

Household tracks:

We started our household interview to GPS location, tracking and Pic. It helps our social map and village map to make. Some tracking position below

34

GPS tracks

SHODDOPOSKURNI

Social Map & Milestone:



35

household list :

37

GPS Coordinates of the households:Number of household Household Name Cordinate

Household No:1 Mofizul Islam Latitude:25.741806030273438

Longitude:89.21598052978516

Household No.2 Solaiman Ali Latitude:25.732586940507586

Longitude:89.21598052958325

Household No.3 Nurjahan Begom Latitude:25.725586695703945

Longitude:89.2159805305645

Household No.4 Shahidul Haque Latitude:25.721205260223438

Longitude:89.21724085028305

Household No.5 Mokbul Hossain Latitude:25.701756030273448

Longitude:89.20535972978516

Household No:6 Mokbul Hossain Latitude:25.698808390273438

Longitude:89.20552652972523

Household No.7 Imdadul Hoque Latitude:25.691508390274423

Longitude:89.19552652912512

Household No.8 Ekramul Hoque Latiude:25.684569129333496

Longitude:89.18012237548828

Household No.9 Ikramul Haque Latiude:25.684986114501953

Longitude:89.18003845214844

Household No.10 Liaquat Ali Latitude:25.684572219848633

Longitude:89.18023681640625

Household No.11 Abdul Kader Latitude:25.684372215939525

Longitude:89.18023435237822

Household No.12 Abu Hassan Latiude:25.684196472167907

41

Longitude:89.18074798583984

Household No.13 A.K.M Mahmudul Islam

Latitude:25.685211962890625

Longitude:89.18070220947266

Household No.14 Najrul Islam Montu Latitude:25.685304641723633

Longitude:89.18074798583984

Household No.15 Shaheen Anwar Latitude:25.73948860168457

Longitude:89.2381362915039

Household tracks:

We started our household interview to GPS location, tracking and Pic. It helps our social map and village map to make. Some tracking position below

GPS tracks

42

Social Map:



Location of Rajendrapur:

Our study area Rajendrapur union is situated in the northeast part of Rangpur District. It encompasses an area of 7428 Decimal. The entire village falls under the RangpurSadarUpozilla and topology is mixed type of land. Our para is quite resourceful and it has a little area of land with a good fertility along with five ponds. Such a resource provides benefit to the villagers of Bashanti para and Baniapara.

The study findings also revealed that Bashontipara is a more or less developing village. The villagers have strong communal feelings. There are a health care facilities or pharmacy in the village. The economic condition of the village is a sustainable and almost all of them are Farmer. The villagers lead a bit comfortable, sometimes hard life.

43

Matrix Table

SL no

Name of the Village House Holder Name Address Milestone

1 Bashantipara Manaranjan Barman Bashantipara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

50 meter east from Parta sharati temple

2 Bashantipara Naresh Chandra Barman Bashantipara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur


3 Bashantipara Virendranath Barman Bashantipara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur


4 Bashantipara Naresh Chandra Barman Bashantipara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

20 meter north from Briestcare homio hall & 10 meter west from Hari temple

5 Bashantipara Tapan Chandra Barman Bashantipara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

15 meter north from Briestcare homio hall & 12 meter west from the Hari temple

6 Ghunapara Chitra Ranjan Barman Ghunapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

20 meter west from the tobacco field, 100 meter east from Baniapara temple

7 Ghunapara Pran Krishna Barman Ghunapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

20 meter west & 95 meter east from the Baniapara temple

8 Baniapara Kamikka Chandra Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

10 meter south from Baniapara temple

9 Baniapara Kartik Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

10 meter east from Baniapara temple

44

10 Baniapara Harishankar Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

15 meter south from Baniapara temple

11 Baniapara Shushanka Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur


12 Baniapara Gopal Chandra Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur


13 Baniapara Proshanta Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

55 meter south east from Baniapara temple

14 Baniapara Shudha Ranjan Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

60 meter north east from Baniapara temple

15 Baniapara Dharendranath Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

75 meter north east from Baniapara temple

16 Baniapara Jotindranath Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

10 meter south west from Baniapara temple

17 Baniapara Shushil Chandra Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

55 meter west from Baniapara private temple

18 Baniapara Dinesh Chandra Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

65 meter north from Baniapara private temple

19 Baniapara Naresh Chandra Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar,


45

Rangpur20 Baniapara Shushil Chandra Barman Baniapara,

Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

75 meter north east from Baniapara private temple

21 Baniapara Dhoniram Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur


22 Baniapara Piu nath Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

105 meter south east from Baniapara bridge

23 Baniapara Goshshari Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

120 meter south east from Baniapara bridge

24 Baniapara Harichandra Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

100 meter east from Baniapara bridge

25 Baniapara Birashshar Barman Baniapara, Rajendrapur, rangpur Sadar, Rangpur

90 meter east from Baniapara private temple

HOUSE NO-1 N-25°45.866’E089°10.714’

46

HOUSE NO-2 N-25°45.884’E089°10.724’HOUSE NO-3 N-25°45.840’E089°10.692’HOUSE NO-4 N-25°45.864’E089°10.685’HOUSE NO-5 N-25°45.870’E089°10.699’HOUSE NO-6 N25°45.902’E089°10.733’HOUSE NO-7 N25°45.906’E089°10.730’HOUSE NO-8 N25°45.648’E089°10.921HOUSE NO-9 N25°45.646E089°10.918HOUSE NO-10 N25°45.906’E089°10.730’HOUSE NO-11 N25°45.866’E089°10.739’HOUSE NO-12 N25°45.828’E089°10.697’HOUSE NO-13 N25°45.848’E089°10.709

HOUSE NO-14 N25°45.807E089°10.700HOUSE NO-15 N25°45.672E089°10.821HOUSE NO-16 N25°45.598E089°10.927HOUSE NO-17 N25°45.889E089°10.734HOUSE NO-18 N25°45.901E089°10.732HOUSE NO-19 N25°45.670E089°10.816HOUSE NO-20 N25°45.895E089°10.708

47

GPS tracks

48

MARKET ANALYSIS

In our LFE program we visited the Palichora Bazaar which is situated in Soddoposkorini union at kesobpur village. We visited the village bazaar in 5 members group to analyze the local and regular village market. In order to make our objectives of visiting the market more specific we only visited the local Pharmacies and the medical products as the agricultural tools and machineries topic was given. However, to make the report more pragmatic by findings problems and recommending the most feasible suggestions we try our level best to collect the authentic information that actually represents the current and true scenario of that particular village market. So to accomplish our tasks we ask some structured questions and set the primary objectives of visiting so that by generalizing that information of the given topic the market analysis will reflects the current situation of all other similar types of village market in our country.

Some Basic Information: Our visited village name is saddopuskuroni. There is a bazar called Palichora hut. We surveyed at the bazar. It is a very old bazar about 150-200 years old. Its length occupied 1-1.5 km. Friday and Monday hut placed there. In hut day, specially bicycle, cattle, chicken, duck are found. There are retail and wholesale business in this hut. All types of products are sold in this hut. Everyday products come and go across the bazar. This bazar is popular for wholesale market. This bazar is well managed.

Rural medicine:In rural area we have found very poor facility of health care. They don’t have proper qualified doctor and enough health care centers. For a good doctors prescript medicine they have to main town market. May be for rural environment it can be acceptable because they have very small amount to pay for their health care or medicine. By visiting village house and asking them question about their concept of health care we found that they are not that much careful. But for village people they are basically healthy because of their fresh air and fresh vegetable. But still I think they need some facility or change about medicine right now.

1. They need rural medicine education program (RMED ) 2. Need more knowledge about health problem.

49

Market information:

think they need some facility or change in order to gather information for market analysis part of the report , we went to a hat and bazaar in rangpur which is a little far from tmss named soddo puskuruni. This is one of the biggest and famous haat in rangpur.

Take a look in to the difference between the hat and bazaar:

Topics Hat Bazaar

Site Basically Hat held once or twice in a week.

Bazaar held every day

Customer More customers come in the Haat compare to Bazaar.

Regular customer comes in the Bazaar.

Size Unstructured - No fixed set up and quite Bigger.

It has a fixed structure and smaller than a haat.

Products availability More variety of products. Less variety of products.

buy and sell type Whole sale(paikari) buy and sell

Mainly retail buy and sell

Objective of Market Analysis: Our primary objectives of market analysis are-

1. To know how the machineries market operates.2. To determine what are the problems that owners face.3. To understand how the market as a whole contribute in the rural economy.

50

Value chain:

Value chain actually indicates how a business operates. Here we try to discuss the infrastructure of agricultural tools and machineries market, their labor force, procurement and technology they use in the support activities. After that we try to focus their primary activities such as inbound and outbound logistics, primary operation of business, marketing and sales services and advertising. All of these points give us a general clear idea about the market.

1. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES :

Type: By visiting full market we found that every medicine shop or corner is very small fund business and sole properties ship business. Their business owned by one person and also manages by one person.

Shop infrastructure:

51

In the Palichora Haat there are 5 shops who sell agricultural tools and machineries. Basically almost all of the shop’s wall and floor is built by concrete and the roof is built by tin. All the shops have electricity. Most of the shops shutter is made of tin or some the shops have bamboo made shop shutter.

Human resource management:

As they don’t have much profit or opportunity they can’t even think of a helper or employee. They have to manage their all work by him.Technology:

We visited a village market so technology is very poor in their business policy. But as it’s a digital time they use mobile phone for contact with their dealer.

Procurement: sometimes after a period they get regular delivery by companies’ supplier. Sometimes they buy their product by themselves from the near main town market (Rangpur town).

1. PRIMARY ACTIVITES :

Inbound logistics: As we are working about medicine, for medicine there is no raw materials they just need medicine and by company supplier and from town market they get it.

Operations:

The owners run this business differently at times. Such as they sell low priced products directly to the local people, but they don’t keep any high price from people. If any people need high priced medicine then they take order from him and import it from Rangpur town or Dhaka. In that case, they take the full amount of money from the customer before giving delivery.

Outbound logistics:

They sell different types of medicine but very local or regular needed medicine they provide very much, like they sell the medicine of square, Alco etc.

Marketing and logistics:

52

They don’t have to give any advertise for their products. Because for medicine or pharmacy don’t need any advertisement. They don’t give products without money.

Service:

They provide full return if their medicine is date expired.

Supply chain management:

Like all other products, in the medicine market there is supply chain process to ensure that the consumer actually getting the products. So actually the supply chain management ensures the proper movement of the products so that it will successfully reach to the end consumers.

In Palichara Haat, the medicines are actually come from main town or Dhaka. And on the other hand sometimes medicine comes from company as well as. From the company or town the shop owners of the Palichora Haat buy the product in a large quantity. Then they sell it to the customers. Paglapir, Sharer Bazaar, Nodir Haats people.

Promotional Activity:

In promotional activities like advertising, posturing, billboard or other campaign of promotion doesn’t work much for selling their items. In this haat lot of item sold. But main promotion activities which the villagers got attracted by word of mouth advertising.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN:

Community development is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. Community wellbeing (economic, social, environmental and cultural) often evolves from this type of collective action being taken at a grassroots level.

53

We have a planning on the community development regarding its electricity and people's cell phones.

Case: Electricity & Mobile Phones in Rural Areas

Access to these two services in many developing countries can be extremely challenging, especially for the rural poor. People don't have enough stuffs to buy electricity and therefore face the extreme harm. Although it is particularly

Challenging for the government to make services available in rural areas, such services do exist. Government regulators often place requirements, resulting in an infrastructure investment that makes access available to some degree.

People live without the ability to contact people beyond their local villages or are forced to physically travel to another village in order to have access to telephones. Not making that phone call can be costly in many ways.

Without a telephone, a crop farmer may not learn the current fair market price for his or her goods and, as a result, will lose in negotiating sale prices with middlemen. These services typically operate at a loss, and the telecommunications operator maintains them as part of their licensing obligation.

Input:

• 10% of the villagers have access to electricity

• All farmers have mobile phone

Process:

• Analysis of current situation and gather information

• Set a plan for what is required for getting more electricity and how to utilize that fully.

• Execution of the plan

• Mapping on the basis of analysis and statistics

• Implementing the plan into the field which is out from 10% recipient as how to increase the number of recipient to maximum having access to electricity

54

• Plant necessary instruments and machineries for electricity supply to farmers houses so that they can do more jobs within a short time

• Growing awareness among the illiterate farmers of mobile phone use

Outcome:

Most of us take for granted the ease with which we can access telecommunications & electricity services at home, at work. For the more than two billion people subsisting on less than two dollars each day, this is largely impossible.

This lack of access can isolate those living in poverty from vital resources and severely impact their social and economic development.

The success portion will describe some along with an evidence.

Success:

Farmers from the villages use electricity to watch TV for news and agricultural programs for the best knowledge. They also use the phones to call the city markets to find out prices for their produce. Previously they were unaware about many important things. They had no knowledge about many crops and land usage. They could not water their properly without using the electricity. Besides, they had a little bit short-changed by their middlemen. The middlemen would say a lower price than what the actual market price was. So now some of them have very rich knowledge about landing. They also can call the market themselves to find out what the actual price of eggs or whatever their produce is.

Benefits:

55

The most obvious benefit of use the electricity is the economic impact that this tool brings to the entire country.

There is clear evidence of this impact in Bangladesh, including higher prices paid to electricity users for their goods and better exchange rates when repatriating funds. Some creative and entrepreneurial users of the technology identify new business opportunities through the media, including the resale of information to others in their communities.

For the cost of a phone call, a family is able to avoid the expense of sending a productive member to deliver or retrieve information by travelling great distances in person.

This technology also serves to link regional entrepreneurs with each other and their clients, bringing more business to small enterprises. Phones have even been used in emergency situations, such as accessing medical assistance during natural disasters.

Some more specific benefits of using the electricity & mobile phone are:

• Increased revenue

• Reduced operating costs

• New clients

• Income

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

We all know that this technology will help our farmers. But there is a major problem that all of the technologies are very costly. Our farmers are not so solvent. They have not enough money to buy this type of product. We can apply irrigation technique but our farmers are needed to train for this technique. This technique is scientific technique. To implement this technique we need a lot of littered people. But we do not have sufficient littered farmers. 2WT’s are good thing for the farmers. But it is costly. Most of the farmers cannot buy this tractor. Some may be take loan from micro-credit institution but others are not. The interest is very high of micro-credit. Govt. loan is not so easy. It is not reach all of the farmers due to corruption. The Sayre Smart planter for two wheel tractor is also a costly for our farmers. At first we need to provide them with low cost or interest free loan. Without giving loan in interest free, this technology will not help our farmers.

DISCUSSION:

56

The Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) has provided us the opportunity to know about the rural areas of Bangladesh by the Live-in-field Experience (LFE) program.We visited some villages like Rajendrapur, Chandanpath and Shoddopushkuni whiches are located in Rangpur Sadar of Rangpur District. During our LFE we have experienced about rural life, their living style, livelihood, financial situation and economical condition. The main economic source of the of villagers in Bangladesh is agriculture. And here in Rangpur it is as same as others villages about economical source .Here about 90% villagers are farmer or do the jobs which is related to farming. But it is a metter of a great regret that agricultural production is less than sufficient to help with their agricultural processing. It’s because of the use of technology in the they use are still not up-to-date. The process they are using in farming can be called as orthodox method. By our practical analysis we have learnt that they are still using old ordinary method in their farming. They are using plough, pair of cows, tractors, normal irrigation pumping etc for their farming process. So they cannot grow sufficient crops for their family and supply to the other parts of Bangladesh. But there is a good sign that very recently they started using modern technology. And to grow more crops they can use many kinds of modern technology. Considering our country and everything included there are quite a few things that we can do to increase the production and supply all over the country. They can use modern Irrigation Techniques by the help of local agriculture officers, they can use the Soil Erosion prevention process which has a positive effect on erosion. They can also use some other modern process like taken pictures to identify, mobile phone internet to share their problems with agriculture officers. These all can help them to grow enough crops. But the main problem is that they are not able to do these without the help of government and others. The consciousness to use the different approach to use the different style of irrigation has to be raised by the government. The govt. should supply them the modern machines and well fertilizer among them on a very low cost. They should also increase the number of Agri Officers to help them. Other private companies also have to come forward to help them and sponsor them. It will make them financially strong. There are a lots of technology which are available and suitable for our country and Rangpur as well. So all we need to do is to support the rural farmers. And it favor them to change their financial condition and they will favor the country by supplying enough crops and food for the mass population.

57

FINAL TOPIC:

Technological innovation in agriculture and its impacts on

Agri-production

The area of Rangpur is one of the largest area where peoples farm rice and many other kind of vegetables. But the use of the gears has their own effect on the production of the crops. After visiting the place personally we can say that the technology they use to increase their agricultural production is less than sufficient to help with their agricultural processing. The use of technology in the production of this agricultural area is very poor. They use somewhat can be called and known as orthodox methods. But this can be improved with the inclusion of a very few existing and simple technology.

At this moment the current use of technology are very limited with the use of the instruments such as the Tractor in field along with the technology of water pumps but these are very old methods which are now a days can be considered outdated. And also the mobile usage is very low where they can expand and use the mobile to do a lot in helping with the production and processing of the agricultural products. This restriction of the limited usage is coming from the mismanaging of marketing of the technology.

Currently the technology has evolved into a new era where everything can be possibly done by the use of appropriate technology. And agriculture is no difference. There are a lots of technology that can be used in the field of agriculture to increase the production with less effort.

Currently available Technologies:Plough:

Plough is the typical tool for farming in Bangladesh let alone rangpur. But the use of Plough is large even in rangpur where technology has taken a few steps ahead, because of some peoples financial issues they can't afford tractors and has to live on with plough attached to the cow and farming their way up for their daily living.

58

This method is pretty much existing from the beginning. But as the economical situation fits the scenario, this method is most suitable for farmers in Rangpur to produce agri products of their choice without relying on anything else.

A plough is used for plowing, usually one or two cows pulls it while there is a farmer to guide their way around the field. After the land is plowed they move onto the next step of farming and plants the seeds.

Tractors:

Another common technology which is being used in Rangpur side by side with ploughs. This is a machine with which the farmer can use to do multi tasks. If there is a plough attached to it, it plows if there is a disc attached to it, it discs. It has an engine so it can cover a lots of area than the cow pulling ploughs. But not everyone can afford it in Rangpur.

59

Irrigation pumping:

This is how farmers in Rangpur manages to get water in their fields, in the dry seasons they have to keep their water fertile by using a lots of water so they use the irrigation pumping or more commonly known as "Sech Pumping" in Bangladesh. This is very widely popular among Bangladeshi farmers.

The rice milling machine:

The farmers uses a machine to get the rice which is called the rice milling machine. Its largely used in Rangpur as they farm a lots of rice and not many houses has the machine. So they usually use a mill for this purpose.

60

Internet for all

Now a day's mobile has been a necessity for all the peoples and the farmers are not excluded and with internet and a bit of knowledge about how to use them they can easily find the solution of the problems they are facing. And a good amount of farmers in Rangpur seems to have use it nicely.

Water source: People of Rangpur uses two main water sources-

I. Tube well: most of the people use tube well which were setup by themselves. They use arsenic free use tube well which were tested by the NGO. They use those tubes well for their daily uses. The source of drinking water is tube well and also cooks their food with tube well water. But most of tube well are situated inside the compound. As far as we survey we found most of family have their own tube well.

II. Pond: very rarely they use pond for washing their cloths only. But the water of ponds are not hygienic.

Figure 1 Use of water

Restrictions:

All of the technologies above are used in Rangpur and they are fairly popular. But a few things are restricted because of the economical situation of the farmers. As not all farmers uses the internet or the tractors, because they don't have enough money to spend on these. These restrictions should be

61

reduced and it will be very much possible if the government gives interest free loans to buy those things. It's a small thing to do for the improvement of our countries agricultural side and their production.

Possible technologies to use:Considering our country and everything included there are quite a few things that we can do to increase the production and our agricultural side of the coin.

Irrigation Techniques

62

Efficient application of irrigation water is one the most important ways to mitigate any effects that increased biofuels production may have on water resources. There are several irrigation techniques that reduce the amount of water applied per unit of biomass produced, thus improving irrigation efficiency regardless of crop type. For example, subsurface drip irrigation systems minimize the amount of water lost due to evaporation and runoff by being buried directly beneath the crop and applying water directly to the root zone, thus keeping the soil surface dry (Payero et al., 2005). Real-time soil moisture and weather monitoring—the former through microwave remote sensing—are emerging technologies that can potentially help improve the scheduling of irrigation. Rainfall harvesting, efficient irrigation water transport, and use of reclaimed water can also lead to more efficient agricultural water use. These techniques would be effective for both corn and cellulosic ethanol crops.

The overall effect of improved irrigation techniques on the regional water budget will vary on a case-by-case basis. For example, if application efficiencies lead to less water being withdrawn from an aquifer, this would leave more water in long-term groundwater storage for future use. On the other hand, if lower water withdrawals from a stream only serve to make additional water available for junior water rights holders, the net effect on the regional water budget might be negligible.

2WT’s (2 Wheels Tractors):

Agricultural mechanization in Rangpur is helping conserve natural resources, improve productivity and increase profits, but many small-scale farmers have yet to benefit. Factors such as high costs and farmers’ lack of access to credit make the machinery unaffordable for resource-poor farmers. However,

Bangladesh leads by example and has been a hotbed of innovation, particularly with the 2WTs that are more appropriate for small-scale farmers than the four-wheel variety. Bangladesh has a strong agricultural tradition – nearly two thirds of its population works in agriculture. It has achieved near self-sufficiency in rice production and has rapidly developed its agricultural sector over the past 20 years, despite being ranked 146th on the global human development index and having roughly half the per capita income of India. Bangladesh’s agriculture sector contributes 19 percent to the country’s gross domestic product. This is the bright side.

So we can use that innovative ideas and implement those for the small-scale farmers in Rangpur, one of the innovation which is very effective is the 2WT.

63

The Sayre Smart planter for two wheel tractor:

This is a new development from Bangladesh. The unit has been developed by Md. Enamul Haque of CIMMYT Bangladesh, with encouragement from Ken Sayre also of CIMMYT.

64

This is a seed drill based on the standard 70cm wide rotary hoe that is sold with most two wheel tractors (power tillers.) A seed and fertilizer box setup has been added. A set of tines mounted on a rear tool bar has also been added. A set of press wheels have been fitted.

This can be a very useful piece of machinery in Rangpur for the small-scale farmers for seeding the seeds in their fields. Their workload will be down and they will be able to cover more field than before.

The Crop/bug infestation reorganization system:

Today the advancement of science have reached a very high place, Technology is on a whole new different level than what it was, Hence we can use the image reorganization pattern to detect issues in the crops and figure out what to do with it next, That system is already established but we need to bring it to Bangladesh and implement it in the rural area such as Rangpur, in a way so that they can use it effectively.

65

Mobile Phones:

The use and functions of the mobile phones are countless. It can be used to remove the obstacle which has been here for a long time. In the current way that is running in Bangladesh a really big amount of peoples are doing the job of middleman they buy the crops from the farmers at a very low price and sell them at a high price to the seller. From who the consumers buys it. If the mobile can be used properly this technology can become a very powerful tool to remove this obstacle, the farmers can send the products directly to the market with a very high profit which will also increase the will power to farm more. If they can contact the right person which can be easily done with a few simple phone calls. Sad but truth is the middle man is living on the blood of the farmer which is highly removing the will of the

Famers to farm or continue in this farming profession. It’s amazing how a simple peace of technology can take you were from where if you can use it properly.

Internet:

Since internet is a technology which is accessible by the most people by mobile phones. It can be broadly use to establish a good network which will provide important use in the agricultural section. Such as with just a bit of working knowledge of English one can search his problems into Google with internet via mobile phones. It can make life a lot easier. Also with the internet in one’s hand, the opportunities are indefinite. If properly used it can be used to operate the machineries that are used in the field. Also they can search for the proper fertilizer to use in the field with the new seeds. They can also check for the details of any kind of new products if they are to try them out in the field.

67

The things to be done to use them

The main interrupt has to come from the government as this all are basically based on marketing and the funding to bring a few of the projects in Bangladesh. The conscious to use the different approach to use the different style of irrigation has to be raised by the government. They have to find a way to reach out to peoples in this case the TV can be one of the most easy and good way to get in touch with the peoples in this rural area. As they watch TV to spend time, the advertisement to raise the awareness can be a good cause.

The use of water in more effective way can be ensured with just a bit of guidance and a very low amount of money.

Then the 2WT's they are a product of Bangladesh but for the lack of marketing they are not properly introduced and hence not properly utilized. But we can change that fact by properly marketing and introducing them to the farmers.

Everyone uses mobile phones with camera these days so we can use that and introduce the crop recognition system which will allow them to take pictures and send them to a server where it can be analyzed, it goes for bug problems as well.

The use of mobile and internet is vast but they need to be approached and taught how to use them grameenphone/robi has taken the initiative with a few of their advertisement but it can be focused or from here there can be a way to aware more people and increase the use of mobile phones and internet. As they can use them to connect with others who can help with their agricultural issues or can be very useful.

They have to be approached and taught how to use the technologies as they are from village most of them are not educated enough to handle those devices on their own. So it's hard for them to use these technologies without proper lessons.

There are a lots of technology which are available and suitable for Rangpur but the problem will arise when we will try to implement them as most of them are from rural area, most of them won't be able to fathom the vast possibilities of these products but a few of the technologies can be implemented and can be handled pretty easily with a bit of proper lessons on the respective technology.

68

LEARNING: LFE has provided us with the opportunity to study the rural Bangladesh. Although most of us preconceived ideas about village; its people and their life styles. These were developing form reading books. Which in many cases were stereotyped? As we spent some days with the village peoples we came to many unknown things of the rural people like their way of living style, their thinking etc. Chandrapath,Shoddoposkurni, Rajendrapur is a big village and it is interesting to see that they always try to develop themselves as well as the village. We have opportunity to learn how they are struggle daily for their livelihood.

REFERENCE:www.Google.com

www.wiki.com

http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12039&page=37

http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12039&page=38

http://farmindustrynews.com/precision-farming/20-technologies-changing-agriculture#slide-10-field_images-45641

http://blog.cimmyt.org/tag/machinery/

69

http://www.wiki.com/

http://www.Google.com/

last copy

Documents

lfe report

rural market analysis

field experience lfe

autumn lfe

village scenario

objective of market

social map milestone

market information