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LASER - heals By Lars Hode

Translated by Ellen heritage

The intention of this little book is to summarize the experience that we have gained within SLMS (Svenska laser

Medicinska Sällskapet), the Swedish Laser-Medical Society, regarding the treatment of diseases with low-power

lasers, as well as to refer to the literature we as the most essential consider.

Chapter 1 wendet at patients. We have tried to be as factual and easy as possible to write in the hope that all

readers have benefited from it.

Chapter 2 wendet itself to the reader, which is a little more familiar with laser. We go here a little deeper to the

field of medical laser and its clinical application.

Chapter 3 (For the advanced reader)

Lars Hode, D. Sc.

Chapter 1

• Laser: the Aladdinslampe 20th Century?

• What is medical laser?

• What is treated with low-power laser?

• How big are the chances of a cure or improvement?

• How is it treated?

• You can feel pain?

• Duration of treatment

• What to look for after treatment?

• How much will it cost?

Chapter 2

• The electromagnetic radiation

• General radiation risk

• Are there any risks exist?

• Can you also take remedies laser treatment?

• How expensive is the treatment

• Laser in some detail

• Examples of usable medical laser

• Properties of the laser light

• Some aspects to laser instruments

• Bio stimulation

• Various parameters

• Risks and side effects

• Indications from A to Z

• Controversial indications



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• Veterinary use

• Contraindications

• Research in Sweden

Chapter 3

• Experiment 1

• Experiment 2

• A possible explanation

• Another possible explanation

• Experiment 3

• Various mechanisms

• The cell membrane

• Summary

• Bibliography

• 50 positive double-blind studies

• Selection of books about laser therapy

Contents

Chapter 1.

Laser: the Aladdinslampe 20th Century?

It was in 1966. Dr. Endre Mester, a professor in surgery at Semmelweis Hospital in Budapest, was furnished with a

new and exciting device: a ruby-laser! He had been made funds available to investigate whether one could use

light from a laser to fight cancer. He therefore made a series of experiments, first in cell cultures, then to rats to

be convinced that the laser light-this new and unknown type of light - not give rise to something dangerous or

unexpected was. He shaved the fur on the back of a number of rats partially off and then applied different doses

of laser light on half of the body shaved. The other half was left untreated for purposes of comparison. For small

light doses nothing happened. With larger doses, the hair grew on the laser-treated half faster by - the laser light

had a stimulating effect! In still larger doses, the effect disappeared and a further increase of the dose to obtain

an opposite result: on the untreated half of the hair grew faster by - is now had caused an inhibitory effect.

Dr. Mesters research group made several attempts. On a new group of rats was created on both sides of the body

each have a surgical wound. One wound was illuminated with laser light, the untreated wound was used for

comparison. Again, it was shown that certain doses of laser light were stimulated wound healing, while

considerably higher laser light doses proven cure retardant. The results of these studies were published in 1967.

Today - 30 years later - almost 2,000 different studies from over 80 countries have been published about the laser

therapy on humans and animals in the medical literature.

Light and sound

Light is a form of energy which is generated in material and consists of waves. Light may have a long or a short

wavelength. A light source is usually light with a broad wavelength range from - in other words, the light source

has a spectrum of light. Some lamps give a lot of light of a certain color from, for example, Street lighting,

fluorescent, light emitting diodes. White light is a mixture of several different colors. Also sound consists of waves

that can have different wavelengths. High tones (treble) have short wavelengths, while low tones (bass) have long



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wavelengths. Most natural sound sources give many different wavelengths simultaneously from - the noise of the

wind, the trickling of water, thunderstorms, Wellengeplätscher. There are also sound sources that emit sounds

from virtually a single wavelength, eg a whistle.

What is a laser anyway?

A laser is a light source which emits extremely pure light. Pure light is meant light which does not have a wide

spectrum, but only a single wavelength. As an illustration, the following comparison may serve: the sound of a

flute is 'pure' than the sound of eg a can filled with stones and shaken - the flute are sounds with a specific tone

(of a certain wavelength) from. Just like the flute is a laser also long coherent waves. The light from a laser is very

well-ordered, well-organized, while light from other lamps is completely disorganized. In technical terms, one says

that the laser light is coherent (see page 8).

The pure coherent sound of a flute can be both humans and matter in a different way influence than the impure

sounds of traffic noise. A pure tone of the right frequency can, for example, to put a crystal in self-oscillation

(resonance), which may even result in that the glass breaks into pieces. In the same way, coherent light in other

ways affect our cells as incoherent light.

There are hundreds of different types of lasers. They can be produced in strong or weak types (most are weak).

The light may have any color or be invisible. The beam can be formed thin and parallel, or for the purpose of

divergence (fan-like spread of the rays).

What is medical laser?

In the medical field there are many different types of laser, but they may be divided into two main groups:

1 Strong lasers, which can be used to cut tissue to coagulate or burn off. These lasers are often referred to as

surgical lasers, because they can replace the surgeon's scalpel. Only physicians and veterinarians may use laser

these species.

2 Weak laser that can be used for stimulation of cell functions. These are often called laser bio stimulation or low

power lasers. Their biological effect is not based - as the surgical laser - strong heat, but that the pure light of the

laser causes photochemical reactions in the cells. Neither sun nor lamplight cause the same types of reactions.

How does laser therapy?

There are very complicated processes in cells and tissues. However, it may be said briefly that the laser treatment

is applied to the local immune defense, the circulation of blood and lymph vessels, the metabolism in the cells

and on the excretion of various substances, such as Endorphins and prostaglandins, which, inter alia, Pain affect.

Not always a stimulating effect. The laser can exert both a normalizing effect and inhibitory effects. The laser

treatment is often curative processes in motion and therefore above all means to help themselves.

What is treated with low-power laser?

Various types of laser influence on tissue and cells of different species. What can be treated, therefore, often

depends on which type of laser or which types of lasers have a therapist available. (See also page 10)

How big are the chances of a cure or improvement?

Not all patients respond to laser treatment similar. Usually a reaction within five treatments can be determined.

Some patients react strongly and almost immediately, others need several treatments. Approximately one in ten



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patients not responding or so weak that only remains to be stated that laser treatment for this person is not the

right method. Examples of typical 'laser problems' are the following: herpes, shingles, facial paralysis, nerve

inflammation, venous leg ulcers, wound lie, hand and foot warts (particularly in children), sensitive tooth necks,

problems with back, neck, shoulders and knees, certain rheumatic complaints and sports injury. One calculates

that approximately 75-90% of patients are symptom-free or improved strongly. However, this requires that the

correct type of laser is used and that the therapist has good knowledge!

Examples of problems that can be treated and where the chance of recovery at about 50%: hormonally induced

hair loss, psoriasis, hand and foot warts in adults, sciatica, rheumatic pain, scars, wrinkles, stiff shoulder. Examples

of problems where one has only occasional success (chance of recovery is less than 15%): Pigment stains,

hemangioma (Gorbachev Male), alopecia areata (spot-wise loss of hair), herniated disc in the early stages.

How is the procedure performed?

For most instruments today the laser light comes from a probe (whose shape is similar to a spring). The treatment

is carried out as follows: on the therapist to the laser device, and presses the end of the probe

The importance of the tissue status

Clinical and experimental experience shows that laser treatment has the greatest effect on tissues / organs, which

have a generally deteriorated condition, eg in patients suffering from any disorder or to tissue damage. The

wound of a young, healthy person heals about the same speed with or without laser treatment, however, difficult

to heal open legs in a person with poor blood circulation plus of reduced immune defense with the help of laser

treatment of a much more rapid healing can be supplied.

You can feel pain?

No, there are felt no pain; rather a pleasant sensation is perceived. The laser treatment is relaxing and many

patients sleep while a. But it could be that an already existing pain increases, or that pain within 6-24 hours after

treatment occurs, but usually only about holding a day. This is due to the fact that the laser light is healing

processes in motion. Especially in case of problems chronic nature of this pain can occur when starting treatment.

He usually wears off after a few days, but may persist in some cases longer.

Duration of treatment

The treatment at the beginning of intensive (usually every third to seventh day) and happens after the healing is

under way, in increasingly longer intervals. Another five to ten treatments may be necessary, depending on the

susceptibility of the patient and the type and duration of symptoms. Chronic disease states usually require

oftmaligere treatments than acute symptoms.

Are there any risks exist?

Low-power laser, which is handled by trained staff only, is completely harmless. Safety glasses are not normally

needed. Treatment with low-power laser can not cause cancer to worsen (see page 14). The laser light can not

hurt either fetuses or vital body organs. However, it is important that you first consults a doctor for injuries or

diseases for diagnosis, so you know exactly what is to be treated.

Can you take medicines with laser during the treatment period?

Yes. Previously remedies have shown in combination with laser treatment, no negative effects. Laser can even

enhance the efficacy of certain remedies!



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What to look for after treatment?

The laser light may sometimes result in an almost immediate and direct pain relief. It is important to remember

that pain is caused by damage often serves to prevent overloading. In such cases, can lead to the pain-relieving

effect of laser, for example we can a tendon, a muscle or a joint overloaded, which would result in deterioration

of the effect. It is therefore important not to burden the damaged area rather than to the therapist are the clear

sign it.

How much will it cost?

A treatment generally costs between 10 and 100 DM, depending on the time it takes to complete. The first

treatment costs due to the recording of data and information, and the investigation is often more.

Chapter 2 (For the reader who wants more information.)

The electromagnetic radiation

The energy that we get from the sun is called electromagnetic radiation, and occurs in the form of waves.

Examples of electromagnetic radiation with a long wavelength of radio waves (meters to kilometers) and

microwave (millimeter to tens of centimeters). Heat radiation has a shorter wavelength. This is often referred to

as the infrared radiation and has wavelengths between 800 nanometers (reduction: nm), and are 1 millimeter.

Visible light has wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm, red light has a long wavelength (600-800 nm). Shorter

wavelengths have orange light (580-600 nm), yellow light (540-580 nm) and green light (500-540 nm). Blue light

(430-500 nm) and violet light (400-430 nm) have even shorter wavelengths. If the light has a longer wavelength

than red light, it is, as mentioned above, as infrared light (shortening: IR) refers to (which means means 'outside

red') and is then invisible. When the wavelength is shorter than violet light, it is used as ultraviolet (reduction: UV)

and is also visible.

Ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength between 320 and 400 nm is referred to as UV-A radiation and can

contribute in large quantities to the early aging of the skin. The sun and tanning beds emit this radiation. The UVB

radiation is more aggressive and has wavelengths in the interval 290-320 nm, this radiation can, especially if they

are exposed to high doses cause cancer, including Type the dangerous malignant melanoma. UVB radiation is

present in sunlight, but may occur in solariums in only very small quantities. UVC rays (wavelengths shorter than

320 nm) is not in the sunlight at the soil surface available, but was part of the now banned for 30 years quartz

lamps.

Moreover, there are electromagnetic radiation having still shorter wavelengths, namely, X-ray and gamma

radiation. These are more dangerous and topped with restriction measures.

General radiation risk

One must distinguish between the special conditions that apply to eyes (see pp. 13-14) and the risk of cells and

other tissues.

To what extent radiation or light from a source-the sun, a lamp, a laser, etc. - can be dangerous for our cells, is

dependent on two things: some of the intensity of radiation and partly by the wavelength of the emitted

radiation. The following general rule: the shorter the wavelength, the more dangerous is the radiation. When

radiation contains wavelengths shorter than 320 nm, it is dangerous (here it is a question of dose), but not

otherwise. Radiation which includes shorter wavelengths than 320 nm, is referred to as 'ionizing' and thus cause



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cancer (carcinogenic). Warning: To what extent the radiation comes from a 'natural' or an artificial source, is

without any significance. Crucial only their wavelength and intensity (strength), and also, as a large dose they are

exposed (dose = intensity (Exposure time).

Therapy laser give light with long and safe wavelengths (about 600 nm) from, and starches, which cannot cause

tissue damage. Various light sources

Different light sources have different spectra (the distribution of wavelengths in light). Most have a very wide

range, but there are also many narrow-band, eg Fluorescent, and sodium lamps (the yellow street lighting). A

laser having a very narrow spectrum, and are thus only light having a single wavelength.

A light source which is to be mentioned here is the light emitting diode. A light emitting diode is a small

semiconductor cheap lamp, which is often used as an indicator in tape recorders and radios. You are

monochrome, but not coherent light (see page 8). The most typical light emitting diode emits red light with

wavelengths around 660 nm, but there are also those that emit yellow or green light. In remote controls for

television sets light emitting diodes with a radiation in the infrared range (950 nm, invisible) used.

The laser

The laser is the latest and most advanced of our light sources. The first working laser, a ruby laser, was from the

Americans Theodor Maiman at a press conference in Los Angeles on 7 July 1960 demonstrated.

The word LASER is a letter word (called acronym) for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Designation of

Radiation, which reads in translation: 'light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation'. If you want to

express yourself completely correct, a laser is thus a light amplifier. A laser its name often obtained from one of

the substances that form part of the light-amplifying medium.

Examples of usable medical laser

Laser in medicine can be broadly divided into two groups. The table below shows the most commonly used laser

in the medical field as well as their wavelengths are given. If more than a specified wavelength, can be chosen in

the preparation of the wavelength.

Strong laser: wavelength using

1. Rubin 694 nm Distance certain Tatuierungen, hair

2. Nd: YAG1064 nm coagulation of tissue

3. Ho: YAG 2130 nm surgery, tooth root sterilization

4. Er: YAG 3090 nm surgery, tooth drilling, leg hole

5. KTP 532 532 nm Superficial blood vessels, Tatuierungen

6. 500-800 nm dye laser PDT, superficial vessels, kidney stones

7. Argon 514 nm dermatology, eye surgery

8. CO2 10 600 nm dermatology, gynecology, surgery

9. Excimer 193, 248, 308 nm sehfehlerkorrektur, coronary artery surgery

10. Low-power laser treatment areas:

11. GaAs 904 nm back, neck, shoulders, knees

12. GaAlAs 820 nm tendons, legs open

13. GaAlInP 635 nm skin and mucous membranes

14. HeNe 633 nm skin and mucous membranes

15. CO2 laser 10 600 nm back, neck, shoulders, knees



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Laser can be pulsed or continuous. (More about Low-power laser pages 10-11.)

Properties of the laser light

Laser light has four characteristics. Retrieved from 'ordinary' light is laser light differs mainly by:

(1) Its very narrow bandwidth and

(2) Its large coherence (see below).

These two characteristics are the most typical for laser and are

Laser light is always present. They are the ones who are in the laser therapy is most important, but as a surgical

instrument have no meaning for lasers. The remaining two properties

(3) Parallel beam of radiation and

(4) High intensity

Can usually get in a laser with appropriate geometric

Shape of the laser medium and the resonant cavity taken lightly

Be brought. Note, however: Laser light does not need to be even more strongly parallel. In surgical instruments,

however, it is these latter two properties whose use is made, and at the same time, it is these two properties that

can make the laser light dangerous to the eyes (see eye damage risk, pp. 13-14).

Coherence

If a matte surface is illuminated with visible laser light, is seen in a type of granularity light. This granularity is

called 'Laserspeckler' (see pp. 21-22) and is caused by interference between rays of light. If the light is coherent

light waves can in fact be added in the same way as when water waves meet, or if you tried different tones in a

bathroom and a place that sounds very loud. This extra strength is caused by interference: Tones that are

reflected from the walls, to be added if they meet and thus the effect of the resonance is called created. With

coherence order is meant. Order in this case means that the light waves are related to long wave trains. The

length of these waveforms, the coherence length can vary from light source to light source. An ordinary light bulb

has a very short coherence length-only thousands of millimeters. A laser may have a very large coherence length,

from centimeters to meters. With regard to the importance of coherence in laser therapy, see pp. 21-22.

Some aspects to laser instruments

The results are no better than the instrument that you use! In the technical area has during the last five years, a

great places development. Tail laser and scanner lasers have been completely abandoned (for six years, those no

longer produced), and indeed in large part because they had a bad dose control with these and large en loss of

laser light by reflection against the skin ethyl. Met a hand-held probe, which is held in contact with the skin, you

get a much larger share of light and reaches much deeper (see pp. 11-12).

Similarly, the performance effects have increased significantly. The instruments have become smaller and

cheaper and have received a better shape. New types of lasers have been added that allow a more effective

treatment. In addition, we have now a much greater knowledge about treatment options and methods to achieve

the best possible effect.



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There are treatment instruments with only light-emitting diodes as a light source, often in a price range of 5,000

to 10,000 DM In comparisons were between light from lasers and light from light-emitting diodes, with otherwise

identical parameters, made, laser performance was always the better effect (see p 21). Examples of LED

instruments are Bio Light and Pretor.

Many who have previously tried laser treatment, were disappointed, simply because the instrument, perhaps,

was not so good in combination with the selection of dose and other parameters. However, as well as the drugs

are constantly being developed, it is also the case with laser instruments.

Bio stimulation

The medical effects of laser light, as Endre Mester and many have observed after him, are often referred to as

bio-stimulating effects. Of course, the treatment parameters must be chosen to match and suitable types of

problems or illnesses are treated. The types of lasers used for this purpose are often low-power laser called

because the light emitted by them is safe usually. The commonly used international term for this method of

treatment is LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy). In order to achieve a good effect, three things are needed: good

knowledge on the part of the therapist, a good laser instrument of the right laser wavelength and a proper

diagnosis. Unfortunately, there is often the therapist who lack not only of medical knowledge, but often do not

even know what type of laser they possess what is meant by wavelength or power effect or what constitutes a

treatment dose.

Various parameters

Upon treatment with a low power laser, it is important to choose the treatment parameters to some extent

correct. Examples of such parameters are: laser wavelength, dose size, frequency of treatment, power density,

and pulse frequency of treatment. These terms are explained in the following.

1 Laser type and wavelength

The next in laser therapy, especially in question lasers are: Indium lasers (red light). This designation covers two

different Laser: partly the helium-neon laser, HeNe shortened, partly the Gallium aluminum indium phosphide

laser GaAlInP shortened. Both give red visible light in the wavelength interval 633-635 nm from and are most

effective in problems of skin and mucous membranes, including Herpes and shingles, with facial paralysis,

inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, leg ulcers, varicose leg ulcers, bedsores, with sensitive teeth, hand and foot

warts (particularly in children).

Aluminum Laser (invisible). The full name is gallium aluminum arsenide, GaA1As shortened. The wavelength is

820-830 nm, which laser usually continuously operating, but may be pulsed and has a penetration depth of 2-3

cm. He is best suited for tendons, but is also useful at leg ulcers, leg ulcers, herpes, shingles, and in the dental

field.

Gallium laser (invisible). The full name is gallium arsenide laser shortened GaAs. This laser emits infrared radiation

of wavelength from 904 nm. He always works pulsed with extremely short pulses (supergepulst 100-200 ns) of

high intensity (10-50 W peak power), about how a flash lamp. The depth of effect is considerably larger than that

of a laser with the same wavelength, which is not supergepulst. Measurements show that the penetration depth

reached 3-5 cm, depending on the application technique and tissue type. This laser is best suited for deep-seated

problems in the back, neck, shoulders and knees, with tendonitis, arthritis and myofasziellen pain.

Carbon dioxide laser (invisible). The carbon dioxide laser is used to reduce CO2 laser. These lasers were once very

large. Today, there are small, portable instruments, even with battery drive that arise up to 15 watts. When



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treated with a CO2 laser man feels in contrast to the other types of laser-significant, in some cases quite strong,

heat. Due to the large wavelength - 10 600 nm, the penetration depth is not greater than about 0.5 mm (the

tissue type does not matter). Nevertheless, one has to observe effects of treatment of up to several centimeters

in depth. This is hard to explain, but it is believed that the reason for the formation of transmitter substances in

those cells where the absorption takes place, and that then distribute these substances into deeper tissues and

exert the greatest effect. In biostimulation, the CO2 laser can be used for both external as well as low-lying

problems. (See wrinkles, p 18)

2 Treatment dose

The dose is an important parameter. The dose is measured in joules, and means that a certain amount of energy

per cm? (J / cm?) Supplied: Dose = time x treatment laser power per cm2.

Different laser wavelengths require different doses. The many disparate symptoms and disease states require

different doses. Recommended doses are as follows:

Indium-Laser: by over-bearing skin: 0.1 to 1 J/cm2 to mucous membranes and open wounds: from 0.01 to 0.2

J/cm2

Aluminum Laser: by over-bearing skin: 0.1 to 1 J/cm2 to mucous membranes and open wounds: from 0.01 to 0.2

J/cm2

Gallium laser: by over-bearing skin: 0.01 to 0.1 J/cm2

Carbon Dioxide Laser: Treatment: resting on the skin: 1- 10 J/cm2. Treatment on open wounds: 0.1 to 5 J/cm2

At doses that exceed the highest values reported above significantly (5-10 times), we obtain a weaker biological

effect (e.g. in wound healing and inflammation). At higher doses to reach the biosuppressiven area and can cause

inflammatory effects in this case. Is the dose required for the treatment of mucous membranes of less based on

the fact that mucous membranes in lower losses due to absorption and diffusion as in the horn bearing the skin in

the treatment of skin or skin passing.

3 Performance effect

The strength - or referred to more correctly the performance effect - a

The laser is of particular importance for the length of treatment time. A certain specific dose is with a strong laser

reached faster than a weak. The performance effect is for a good result is not decisive, but can be achieved with a

strong laser sometimes a greater density effect (see below), which is sometimes convenient.

4 Density effect

To effect density of the light effect per unit area is meant, this is used in W / cm? measured. Here, various lasers

differ from one another; different producers have different effect density. A high effect density means high light

concentration. One such example is obtained the focus of a burning glass. The bio stimulation based on cell

interference. Too low or too high effect density result in a lower biological effect.

5 Pulse rate

This applies only pulsed lasers. In a gallium laser (pulsed always) must be set the desired pulse rate. It is known

that low frequencies (10-100 Hz) exert a greater effect on pain and that high frequencies (2500-5000 Hz) have the

greatest effect on inflammatory conditions, while medium-high frequencies (500-1000 Hz) are best for edema and



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swelling as well e.g. seem to be suitable for bone formation. It should be noted that some laser instruments have

only one or two frequencies treatment while others undertake the entire frequency interval?

6 Eindringungsdichte, effective depth

There is no exact limit to the penetration of light. Laser light spreads in all directions and is gradually absorbed in

the tissue. The light intensity becomes weaker the further you walk on the surface from the meeting place.

However, there is a limit where the light intensity is so low that the light does not cause any biological effect

more. This limit is referred to as the effect depth.

The effect of depth depends on several different factors: wavelength of light, tissue type (skin and fat are more

transparent than the blood-rich muscle tissue), pigmentation, and dirt. Laser light penetrates through the bone

(about as by muscle tissue). (See Reference [35]. Below is referred to the corresponding reference numbers in the

bibliography in square brackets.)

An important factor is the displacement of blood in the tissue. If you slightly pressed with a laser probe against

the skin, the blood moves to the sides. The tissue directly in front of the probe and still a bit deeper will quite

bloodless, and because the hemoglobin in the blood is the one factor that makes for the greatest absorption, the

penetration of light increases significantly.

Other factors of importance are the performance effect of the laser - whether it is supergepulst or not - the

technical design of the instrument and the treatment technique (treatment by skin contact or at a distance).

7 Treatment methodology

A distinction is made between local treatment and treatment system. Most common is local treatment, that is,

the direct treatment of the problem area.

Treatment system means that you treat locations that are remote from the actual problem area. An example of

system treatment is the treatment of so-called trigger points (trigger points, whose touch cause pain and are

located at sites other than the actual damage). Another example is laser acupuncture, whereby one or more

acupuncture points illuminated with laser light, instead of insertion of needles.

8 Laser Acupuncture

Acupuncture using laser is an interesting area. For a user with acupuncture training here opens up a broad field of

activity. The method is sterile and free of pain and is therefore readily accepted by patients. Both laser

acupuncture and conventional needle acupuncture affect the acupuncture points, but experienced therapist give

aloud not the exact same effect. They are considered as one another komplettierend. An interesting variation of

laser acupuncture, which is likely to result in a longer lasting effect you get when you burn acupuncture points on

the surface with a CO2 laser.

An example of laser acupuncture, the treatment of bronchial asthma with low-power lasers. A double-blind study,

which shows that asthma by laser acupuncture with gallium laser (10 mW, 50 pulses / second) can be successfully

treated, was conducted by Dr. Ines Vinge at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm.

9 Treatment intervals

Professor Endre Master has shown early on that proper time intervals between treatments are more effective

than too tight successive treatments. After it was also shown that the effect of laser treatment is cumulative (ie,

the dose of treatment adds up to the dose of the next), it is important that the treatment is not carried out to



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close succession. Usually selects one or two weeks to deal with during each few days, with 2-4 days between, and

thereafter at longer intervals. Acute problems generally require fewer treatments and in these cases can be

treated in more rapid succession. Herpes and acute shingles are usually treated daily for several days. Chronic

ailments are usually treated best with longer intervals.

Other factors of importance are the performance effect of the laser - whether it is supergepulst or not - the

technical design of the instrument and the treatment technique (treatment by skin contact or at a distance).

Risks and side effects

Are there any risks with LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy)? First to be noted that the 'radiation', with which we

work, either visible light or heat radiation (infrared radiation) and nothing else is. The fact that the light has a high

purity means no risk in itself, any more than that a pure flute tone would be more dangerous than, say, Noise of

the same volume. The only real risk with low-power laser therapy, there is a certain risk for eye damage.

Eye damage risk

By laser with strong light intensities and narrow parallel beams could be produced, it has long been special

requirements with regard to their application introduced. All lasers have been tested and therefore a laser class

assigned: 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 4, wherein Class 4 contains the highest grade types. Laser with visible light are less

dangerous than those with invisible light because the Zwinkerreflex protect you in case the light is perceived as

strong. Previously durftennur treat (stronger laser therapy) Doctors, dentists and physiotherapists patients with

laser class 3B. But since no cases of eye damage have been reported by laser therapy, this provision was abolished

in Sweden in 1993. Today, it is therefore free to use instruments to laser class 3B.

Question: Is it enough to close your eyes when you are treated with laser in the face or you have to wear goggles?

Answer: Yes, it is enough to close your eyes, even if the laser is strong. You can even treat a style on the eyelid

without risk. The reason for this is that the eyelids diverge the light, so that no focusing occurs. The light spreads

over the whole retina.

To avoid possible problems: the patient should always use safety glasses - many people place themselves under

laser something dangerous before. Never leave a patient look rigid in a laser probe, which is directed against the

eyes. Should this happen accidentally but for an instant, it typically draws fortunately no serious consequences. It

is important to note that goggles that are tuned to a certain laser wavelength, can be of no use to a different

wavelength.

Warning: Ordinary sunglasses offer no protection but may instead increase the risk of eye damage. Cancer Many

people do not know much about lasers and sometimes believe that a laser, a kind of mystical 'radiation' of this

Agreement. And radiation can still be dangerous - yes, they may not even cause cancer? May cause cancer of the

light therapy lasers? No, no way. (See also the section 'Contraindications Show,' pp. 19-20.) In light of

wavelengths above 600 nm at doses that are used in laser therapy, no mutagenic effects were observed. But what

happens if you treat someone who unknowingly already has cancer? Can tumor growth are stimulated by laser

light? No. Studies on the effects of laser light on cancer cells engineered have shown that certain doses of laser

light can stimulate the growth of cancer cells. If cancer in a living being (in vivo) is growing, but other ratios,

irradiated as if you have a cell culture (in vitro) apply. In experiments on rats with transplanted tumors to various

sizes, it has been observed that small tumors that were treated with the laser, were smaller and even disappear

owing to the fact that the laser is stimulates the local immune response to a greater degree than the tumor. Laser

treatment had no effect on tumors that exceed a certain size. The same applies to bacteria cultures. This can be



12

stimulated by the laser light in suitable doses, whereas a bacterial infection by properly executed laser treatment

cures faster.

It is important that prior to the laser treatment, there is a diagnosis. An undiagnosed pain may be due to cancer.

Response to the treatment

Apparent health. It may happen that a pain disappears almost immediately after a laser treatment. In such a case,

it is important that the damaged spot (for example, an inflamed tendon) is, which caused the pain, is not

overloaded. It is very important that the patient is informed that such states of 'health certificate' may occur and

that the patient bears the full responsibility for ensuring that no overloading occurs. Even if the pain disappears

and the laser treatment shortens the healing process, the fabric an adequate time for healing and restoration

must be granted.

Fatigue.

A 'risk' with laser treatment is that the patient feels large fatigue during or after treatment. This can, for example,

be due to a pain subsides or that certain substances - type endorphin - into action.

Pain response.

It happens quite often that a patient on the day after the treatment experience pain, which is the case especially

in chronic ailments. This is due to the fact that damage in a 'acute phase' occurs when the healing begins. The

same sometimes also occurs in other forms of treatment, for example TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve

stimulation, that acupuncture analgesia) or acupuncture. The cause is not overdose usually. Patients have about

these possible pain response always be informed, and also about the fact that this is to be regarded not only of a

temporary nature, but also as a positive response to treatment. Otherwise, the patient can easily reach to the

conclusion that 'laser damage' occurred.

What can be treated with laser?

Laser treatment may seem like a kind of panacea, appear against all possible complaints, and with a very large

number of therapeutic indications. But if you know that lasers both (a) the local immune defense as well as (b)

affects the blood circulation that (c) the treatment is anti-inflammatory, and that (d) can influence pain

conditions, this diversity does not seem so very strange.

If a patient should not respond to the treatment, keep in mind that the degree of treatment success based on a

set of meaningful parameters. One has missed its effect can cause in an inappropriate type of laser in too low or

too high dose, incorrect diagnosis, insufficient treatment, pulse rate, density, etc. have effect. Different people

are also sensitive to the different dose and have different susceptibility to laser treatment: some may feel the

laser 'to her toes', others seem to be completely unalterable. The more experienced the therapist is, the greater

success he will achieve, among other things, due to the adaptation of the selection of the type of laser and the

dose size to the type of the damage and of the person. There should be a clear that laser is only one tool among

many.

Indications from A to Z

The indications listed below make a complete list, but are examples of complaints that laser treatment may be

valuable to look at.



13

Acne. is best treated with indium or aluminum laser. Suitable dose: 0.5 J per point. The treatment is indeed a

symptom therapy, but may fail the result still good.

Aphthous ulcers. Aphthous ulcers are best treated with indium or aluminum laser. The dose is determined by the

subjective analgesic effect. If the patient feels a clear improvement, one has come close to the 'right' dose. Often

several treatments are necessary to keep the patient free of symptoms until the After is gone.

Bacteria and viruses. What is the effect of laser light on bacteria and viruses? The fact is that laser light is capable

of stimulating both grown bacteria and grown viruses. That, however, in the treatment of infections, the situation

is not deteriorated but rather accelerates the healing, due to the fact that the stimulation of the immune

response is greater than that of the microorganisms. Laser treatment must be combined with antibiotic therapy

sometimes.

Fractures. Treatment with gallium laser (700 Hz) locally over the fracture site, every third day during 1-2 weeks.

Shingles (herpes zoster). The Norwegian and Danish words for shingles, 'Hellfire' are apt descriptions. Shingles can

occur anywhere, not just on the fuselage. Even the trigeminal nerve kan be attacked. Indium or aluminum lasers

have the best effect on the actual Zosterangriff, but can also be achieved in the post-herpetic pain, an effect

wherein gallium or aluminum-lasers provide the best effect. It is important that the treatment is applied as soon

as possible in order to achieve the greatest possible impact. A series of treatments reduced the suffering of the

patient considerably. [51-58]

Herpes simplex. Herpes is very suitable for treatment with low-power laser. The treatment outcome depends on

the viral cycle in which stage one can engage. The later in the attack phase treatment is started, the worse the

effect. Suitable dose: 0.5-3 J per bubble with indium or aluminum-laser.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, which is a very common symptom in people with monotonous work tasks-for example,

Workers in auto plants-is, can be successfully treated with gallium laser. (See also under 'sports injury'.) Bone

regeneration. The regeneration of bone tissue is associated with various interventions odontology of vital

interest. Treatment with gallium laser volunteers a valuable addition here.

Sinusitis (sinusitis). The treatment is done the nostrils along to the cartilage (2 J / cm?). The same dose is

administered intra-orally in some places above the sinus floor. Sinus opening in the nose can also be illuminated

with advantage. This treatment is a decongestant effect and comfortable for breathing. Acute sinusitis respond

more quickly to treatment than chronic. Acupuncture points can be used with advantage. All three types of lasers

can be applied.

Nerve damage. Injured nerves heal slowly. Certainly works best in these cases, the indium laser. An indication of

the effectiveness of the laser, when the patient is a non-specific feeling of restlessness felt in the treatment area.

Open legs - wound healing. Open legs and bedsores are appropriate indications for indium or aluminum laser. In

addition to improved wound healing is usually achieved a significant pain relief. Laser is always a complementary

method; wound cleansing and dressing renewal shall be made as usual. One starts to handle the wound periphery

by contact of the probe with the skin to give 1 J / cm? Administered. The treatment is carried out every other day,

the healing process is to be evaluated. If there is no improvement, the dosage is increased by 50%.

Rheumatism. Laser treatment can cure rheumatism, of course, just as medicine, but the symptoms often lessen.

In addition to pain relief and greater mobility and reduced swelling can be achieved. Chronic cases often react

with an initial increase of the pain, which is why the best starting with a low dose. The possible pain response



14

must be explained to the patient. Their eventual emergence is not an argument for the discontinuation of

treatment.

Pain. Laser treatment can affect pain conditions of various kinds. The positives with the laser treatment is that the

pain relief in many cases can often adjust even during treatment. For example, listening to a tooth neck to draw,

an open leg is pain free, a herpes blister is no more complaints, a jaw clamp can be opened. Often very high

doses, however, are required to effect an immediate effect on acute pain. Thus, e.g. alveoli is for the purpose of

pain relief up to 10 J with gallium laser claim. At less pronounced pain, such as with a herpes blister, a decubitus

wound or a tooth neck, may be necessary to achieve analgesia 1-3 J. There is reason to believe that the high doses

that are administered to alleviate severe pain, at the same time constitute an overdose in bio stimulating area,

which has a slower healing result. Here, however, the choice is simple: the pain takes precedence. [1-6]

Swelling, edema, effusions. Laser treatment has a antiödematischen effect which is based on an expansion of the

lymphatic vessels and a decreased permeability of the blood vessels. If the edema is already a fact, high doses are

required; 10-15 J / cm? are not uncommon. Laser treatment also has a regenerative effect on both lymphatic and

blood vessels.

Tendinitis (tendonitis). Tendinitis and Tendalgie are often good for laser treatment. These states are sometimes

difficult to diagnose. Acute tendonitis are much easier to treat than chronic. Aluminum and gallium laser to

achieve the best effect.

Sports and strain injuries. A thumb rule is that an ordinary sports injury heals well half the standard time when

healing with laser is stimulated. A beach to Tends problem is that the subjective symptoms, resulting from the

damaged site, quite rapidly disappear and the athlete then would like to resume the training. It is important that

the damaged area rests and that the training comes only gradually in transition. Typical Industrial Injuries are the

tennis elbow and pain in the shoulders and neck. Treatment is done locally with gallium laser. A tennis or golf

elbow can often be 'wrong' - it may be

Involve entrapment of a nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome). In this case, it does not help to treat only on and around

the epicondyle. The treatment is therefore carried out with gallium laser in the area of the fifth and sixth neck

vertebra. Dose proposal: 2-3 J at 700 Hz For the treatment of tendonitis, e.g. Achill tendinitis, one chooses like an

aluminum laser in combination with gallium laser. Arthritis treated with gallium laser (5000 Hz). In these cases, a

pain response is very common post-treatment.

Trigeminusneuralgie.Gegen this pain condition, there is no completely effective treatment methods. Laser

treatment is therefore no guarantee of success. However, since the method is painless and without side effects,

they should be tried first. Indium laser is the primary choice. If this does not help, you try with aluminum or

gallium laser.

It will address the stimulus point, and 0.5 J per point is an appropriate starting dose. May pain points 1 J be

administered? After that, the course of the main nerve is treated. A pain response is not unusual. The treatment

is done twice a week initially, then with increasingly longer time intervals between treatments. Treatment should

not be discontinued if and when pain relief is achieved, but should be continued, but in longer and longer

intervals. [7, 8]

Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). Laser treatment is given as a supplement to conventional treatment and

accelerated in this case, the cure. The postoperative pain is reduced.



15

Dental necks and sensitive. Pull in the tooth necks often respond favorably to laser treatment. This is fortunate,

because so many people suffering from these ailments. Treatment is carried out locally at the neck of the tooth

with indium laser, until the patient experiences a significant improvement. [59, 60]

Controversial indications

Fold ... are the favorite theme of the critics. Scientific studies prove that low-power laser therapy can smooth

wrinkles, it is probably not. A number of interesting examples shows that laser treatment effect on wrinkles has.

In contrast, carbon dioxide laser has a surprisingly good effect on both wrinkled skin as well as acne scars. The

treatment is done as follows: Using a scanner plug one burns superficial and evaporated to about 0.1 mm of the

epidermis. This gives an approximately 0.5 mm deep burn, about forming a crust. If the crust has fallen off, the

skin for 3-6 months is flushed. During this time, a new layer of collagen forms a bit deeper in the skin. At the same

time, the skin stretched slightly and becomes more uniform and less wrinkled. Microscopic examination of the

newly formed skin shows a rejuvenation. This is an effect of biostimulation.

Spring depression. An advertising campaign in the Stockholm subway a few years ago regarding this disease gave

rise to discussions in the press. In court, the advertiser had to back down because there is no scientific evidence

that laser treatment achieved such an effect. However, it should be noted that it has been shown that sufficiently

large doses may be influenced by white light (fluorescent tube light) winter and spring depression [9]. So there

might be some justification for the assertion of the advertiser.

Haarausfall. In one of the first attempts Endre Master in rats watching you that the fur shaved on the body that

had been treated with ruby laser and HeNe laser, quickly grew back. The Finnish researcher Pekka Pöntinen has

shown that laser light can increase the blood circulation in the scalp significantly in suitable doses. Other studies

show that it is possible to achieve an effect on the growth of hair in humans. However, quite a few treatments are

often required. A successful result can not be guaranteed. [10]

Zellulitis.Dokumentierte results of low-power lasers for this indication have not been published, but can gallium

laser sometimes achieve amazing effects.

Veterinary use

There are a large number of studies in which the effects of laser light have been studied in animals. Both gallium

and aluminum laser having a good effect in horses, as well as dogs, provided that the corresponding laser sensors

are shaped so that the light can be passed through the pelt and can come into contact with the skin. A laser that is

intended for human consumption, is usually not indicated for treatment of animals with fur. By shaving the

treatment site can, however, attach the laser light in general.

Horses are sensitive to laser than man. At high local effect density at a gallium laser they react (often strong),

when you come into the vicinity of damage or problem area with the probe. This is particularly true at high pulse

rate. It may therefore be advisable to administer a while low pulse rate, before increasing the frequency policy.

This reaction can also be used on horses to locate a possible damage. In open wounds indium laser is

recommended. [11, 12, 13, 14]

Contraindications

Any absolute contraindications for treatment with low-power laser does not exist. In Sweden, however, applies

the Kurpfuschergesetz, which prohibits the treatment against diseases in children under 8 years and which

requires that certain diseases, such as Cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, may only be treated medically. In older laser

literature is often mentioned that eg Pacemaker, pregnancy, epilepsy, heart attack, etc. Contraindications for



16

laser treatment. After pacemaker electronic, encapsulated by metal and light are entirely unalterable, the whole

thing is a misunderstanding. Regarding pregnancy is normal medical assessment of the mother's condition. Laser

light in itself does not affect the fetus, because so little light penetrates. For the fetus, it is certainly not a

disadvantage that a sensitive tooth neck or a herpes blister the expectant mother is relieved.

Regarding epilepsy it is known that pulsed visible light, especially with pulse frequencies in the range 5-10 Hz, can

cause epileptic seizures. Therefore, one must, of course, with instruments that have flashing visible light, exercise

caution. However, it is rare that low power lasers have pulsed visible light. There are no indications that pulsed

invisible light could trigger epileptic seizures in the literature. In contrast, should you avoid it, to administer large

doses of laser light on the thyroid gland. Spanish studies in rats [15] suggest that it could cause disorders in large

doses. Could that laser light leads to direct damage, has never been proven, but because the thyroid appears to

be sensitive to light, one should avoid to shed light on this gland until the research has made clear the limits.

Cancer or suspected cancer should never be treated by others as specialists. The reason for this is not that laser

treatment could have no positive effect on the cancer, but that the law's treatment of cancer no one else allowed

as professionals. For patients who have received radiation therapy, it may be interesting to know that a number

of investigations have shown that animals that were first treated with low-power laser, tolerated a subsequent X-

rays better. [16]

Research in Sweden

Among the double-blind trials that have proven a significant positive effect of laser treatment, there may be

mentioned the following. Vibrant and Fryberg at the Regional Hospital in Umea have studied the effect of gallium

laser on medial knee osteoarthritis. Lögdberg-Andersson at the hospital = kersberga has in a double-blind trial

stated a good effect of gallium laser Inflammation of tendons and myofasziellen pain. Hiker and Lundeberg at the

Karolinska Institute in Stockholm have been studied in a double-blind study the effect of gallium laser on tennis

elbow, stating: '. Irradiate laser treatment may be a valuable therapy in lateral epicondylalgia when it is executed

as described in this study' Ines Vinge has at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, also in a double-blind study

investigated the effect of laser acupuncture with gallium laser in the treatment of asthma and found in the

selected parameters have a good effect. Moreover, there are a greater number of unpublished pilot studies that

have been conducted by various doctors and physiotherapists. Among them may be an attempt by Goran

Restroom, well-known sports doctor from Boulanger, be mentioned, who analyzed gallium laser at 993 patients.

Chapter 3 (For the advanced reader)

This chapter explains a lot about what is going on in cells and tissues and why these reactions only occur when

laser light is used. That the biological effects are laser-specific part is apparent from the research, some of the

below-described experiments show that the properties of the laser light does not disappear when the light spread

in the tissue.

At the beginning...

There are many studies which have been made on laboratory animals, where the biological effect of coherent

light from a laser light of, for example Has been compared to light-emitting or other incoherent light source [17,

18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, etc.]. In this case, one has obtained a remarkable effect from the laser, but no effect

or a much smaller effect - from the non-coherent light source. This clearly shows that laser light exerts a specific

effect on cells and tissues.

Speckle



17

When lit, a paper or other matt surface with visible laser light, it provides a remarkable graininess in the light.

These grains or dot patterns are called Laserspeckler and arise - due to the coherence of laser light - by

interference between different rays. The Speckler can be of two types: virtual (arise in the eye of the beholder,

but look as if they are appearing to be on the above-mentioned paper), or real (can be projected on a film plate in

the room).

Experiment 1

The purpose of this experiment is to show that the most characteristic feature of the light - consistency - in the

case of diffuse scattering does not disappear. It revolves around the laser specificity, that is, when the same

lighting conditions with a laser gets in a tissue such as with an ordinary lamp with color filters. It leaves a narrow

beam from a HeNe laser hit an apple. Around the intense meeting an atrium with 1-2 cm in diameter is visible.

This atrium is created by the fact that the laser light used and reflected and returns to a certain part again in all

directions in the tissue of the apple. When considering the halo can be seen (virtual) Laserspeckler, indicating that

the laser light after passage through the apple tissue is still coherent. The light distribution within the illuminated

volume in apple is not homogeneous, but grainy due to the interference, that is, it consists of a three-dimensional

Specklerstruktur (real Speckle).

Professor Nils Abrahamson at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm looked at in the eighties this Speckle

in a microscope and was probably the first observer who found that moving the Speckle at the top of an apple. He

could put these Specklerbewegungen to the movements in the apple cells in relationship. The phenomenon was

later used by French researchers also examined [26], were able to study two different particle movements inside

the cell and differ in this way. The three-dimensional structure is formed by the interference between different

rays with random direction, amplitude and phase. In the laser bacon learning where to find a higher intensity than

in the immediate vicinity, the light is completely or partially linearly polarized, as far as that higher intensity is

caused by constructive interference. This occurs only if the interfering waves have the same polarization. This

therefore arise Islands of polarized light in tissue. The average size of these islands is one to several tenths of a

millimeter, ie is substantially greater than the cells that they enclose in the rule. It is interesting that these islands

of polarized light occur regardless of whether the illuminating laser emits polarized or unpolarized light.

Experiment 2

To show that the coherence of the laser light is maintained not only in the tissue of an apple, the following

experiment was performed (shown by L. testicle during a convention in Los Angeles [The Ninth Congress of the

International Society for Laser Surgery and Medicine, Los Angeles , 2 to 6 November 1991] The. This experiment

was referenced in the trade press. [27]

1 Freshly Ground ground meat between two flat glass plates pressed together so that a 5-10 mm thick slice of

minced meat is produced. The whole is then placed vertically.

2 The light from a 3-5 mW He-Ne laser (red visible light of wavelength 633 nm) is directed against the glass plates

at right angles. One sees on the rear of the ground beef slice a red spot of the light through the flesh

hindurchpassierte.

3 A small penlight flashlight is placed next to the laser that - is directed against the glass - very close to the glass

surface. The penlight flashlight lit with ordinary white light. Here, too, passes through the optical disc and minced

forms a light spot on the back of the wafer in addition to the laser light spot.

4 The two light spots are compared from a few meters distance from each other.



18

The following Schlussätze can be drawn:

A. Both spots are red after passage through the mince. This shows that the best penetration of red light at the

visible light wavelengths (absorbed shorter wavelengths). Measurements with measuring instruments show that

infrared radiation penetrates even better.

B. The laser light spot shows Laserspeckler that are clearly visible when you move your head slowly. In contrast,

the lamp light spot shows no Laserspeckler. It is obvious that after the passage has been minced by a difference

between laser light and the light from a flashlight. The coherence of the laser light does not disappear.

Is it not possible to use ordinary polarized light for illumination, if polarization is really so important? No, this is

not possible. Polarization in incoherent light, which is diffusely scattered, will have lost less than one millimeter.

When polarized light of a lamp and it can illuminate the skin, the polarization has disappeared before the light

reaches the deeper skin bearing. In open wounds can, however, achieve an effect with polarized ordinary light,

since cells are made in the open wound that participate in the healing process, directly from light without

overlying skin eliminates the polarization.

Endre Master [28, 29] presented at the laser medical conference laser opt in Munich in 1981 a study on

lymphocytes in vitro, where he showed that these against both coherent polarized light (set to the level of 100%)

as well as against incoherent polarized light (75%) are sensitive, but on the other hand almost completely

insensitive to polarized light.

A possible explanation

It is known that fixed position chromophoric molecules have (e.g., the porphyries of the body) Absorptions dipole

and linearly polarized light [30] record with certain polarization direction as well as give (e.g. fluorescence).

Porphyries, see, inter alia, to Respiratorkette in the mitochondria, and are those molecules which are primarily

responsible for the absorption of light. Here, therefore, the polarization in the Specklerinseln created by the laser

light meaning, and this could be one of the explanations that you get different effects with laser and incoherent

light sources in a number of studies.

Another possible explanation

The difference in light intensity of different points in the illuminated tissue due to the Laserspeckler gives rise to

local temperature changes. These were calculated by Horvath and Donkey [31] for coherent light. Temperature

changes lead to local gradients in certain concentrations. Such concentration gradients are in turn the cause for

material transport in the tissue on the way, as described by Fick's equations. Upon illumination of tissue with laser

light, it can therefore behave in such a way that these local temperature gradient force a micro-circulation, which

when illuminated with non-coherent light sources, eg Light-emitting diodes is not the case. Spanner [32] has, for

example, shown that a temperature difference across a cell membrane from 0.01 * C is a pressure differential of

1.32 atmospheres caused, which may result in the distribution pattern of Na and K is changed available [33].

Experiment 3

Man pushes his hand against the glass of a powered flashlight. It is seen that the light passes through the finger.

Light penetrates so pretty deep into the body. One sees, however, that only the red part of the spectrum is

happening and therefore penetrates deep. It is also known that light enters the bone tissue [35]. Incidentally, it is

not at all certain that the penetration depth for at least some of the biological effects that occur in laser therapy,

is so crucial. There are about ten studies in which we used CO2 laser as a light source for the purpose of bio



19

stimulation and thereby found profound effects, in some cases up to 4-5 cm deep into the tissue. The CO2 laser

has a wavelength (10 600 nm), in which complete absorption (99.9%) within 0.3 mm is happening.

Various mechanisms

On the other hand, the cell researcher Tiina Karu has shown that one can obtain stimulating biological effects of

monochromatic and incoherent light in cell cultures [34]. It has also shown that in the cell cultures, which were

first irradiated with the laser light, thereby showed a biological effect, and are then illuminated with a broadband

(= non-monochromatic and incoherent) light is reduced, caused by the laser light biological effect to close to zero

[22]. These experiments indicate that there is more mechanisms than the excitation polarization-sensitive

chromophoric described above.

It is also important to understand the purely optical difference when a strong lichtverbreitendes tissue or a thin

transparent cell layer is illuminated in a cell culture. If a thin layer of cultured cells is illuminated with polarized

light, the polarization of the light is maintained through the entire layer, regardless of whether the light is

coherent or not. In contrast, the mentioned Laserspeckler arise in a tissue interference. Effects on cell cultures

therefore do not need to be laser-specific, while you can find in studies on cells of the same type and the same

type when they are part of a tissue that the effect is laser specific. It has long been known that small amounts of a

substance that is called singlet oxygen, are formed when tissue is illuminated with laser light [36]. Rocking and

Lubart in Israel [37] have shown this with the help of NMR technique (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Singlet is a

free radical which in turn inter alia the formation of ATP affected [38, 39], which accounts for the fuel and the

energy supply of the cells. It has also been found that the calcium ion balance is [40] in the cells affected. Next

influenced laser light, the oxidative processes, which was proved by Karuk [41].

These processes in turn lead to a long series of secondary effects: increased cell metabolism and collagen

synthesis in fibroblasts [42], increased action potential in nerve cells [43], stimulating the formation of DNA and

RNA in the cell nucleus [44], local influence on the immune system [29], increased formation of new capillaries by

activation of growth factors [45], increased activity in leukocytes [46], transformation of fibroblasts into my

fibroblasts [47], etc.

The cell membrane

The electric field intensity of the linearly polarized light is changed, the conformity of the double bearing lipid in

the cell membrane by means of electron polarization of the electric dipoles of the lipids. This leads, inter alia, a

change in the charge distribution on the surface of the cell membrane, which may cause changes in the lipid-

protein bonds with it. Since the cell membrane plays the role of the biological amplifier, changes in the

membrane can affect any process that has to do with the cell membrane: energy production, immunological

processes, enzymatic reactions, transport factors etc. This change in the membrane structure, for example, in

activated leukocytes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp 3'5'-) and increases the receptor activity at the cell

membrane. This khan trigger under certain circumstances, an immunological chain reaction, which also results in

the following with it: release of monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic factors and the like factors that

inhibit the movement of macrophages, as well as increasing the skin reactor factor that influences the

permeability in capillaries. In the study of various immune system components, through measurements before

and after the laser light, it has been found that the content of alpha-I lipoprotein in the wound fluid by the

influence of laser light with a 120% increase.

Walker [48] has shown that was excreted after treatment of neuralgia with He-Ne laser light serotonin.

(Serotonin-5-HIAA Precursorsubstanz in the urine of patients before and after the laser treatment, was

measured.) The substance circulates in the blood and causes system effects, ie unfolded effect treated in other



20

parts of the body as the. Other researchers have investigated system effects, including the group of Rocking [49].

Montesano’s [2] has shown that laser light affects the production of endorphins. Honduran [50] has found

through the blockade of opiates with naloxone that the analgesic effect is based not only on endorphins.

Zusammenfassendkann be said that the effects of laser light is very complicated in living tissue. There are various

photochemical processes, in turn, bring a large number of biochemical reaction. Some of these processes are

laser-specific, while others are based mainly on the photon energy. Further research is required before we can

fully understand these processes.

References

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[49] Rochkind S. et al: Systemic Effects of Low-Power Laser Irradiation on the Peripheral and Central Nervous System, Cutaneous Wounds and Burns. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 1989; 9: 174. [50] Honmura A et al: Analgesic Effect of Ga-Al-As Diode Laser Irradiation on Hyperalgesia in Carrageenin-Induced Inflammation. Lasers in Surg Med. 1993; 13: 463. [51] Velez-Gonzalez M et al: Treatment of relapse in herpes simplex on labial and facial areas and of primary herpes simplex on genital areas and “area pudenda” with low power HeNe-laser or Acyclovir administred orally. SPIE Proc. 1995; Vol. 2630-42: [52] Guang Hua Wang et al: A study on the analgesic effect of low power HeNe-laser and its mechanism by electrophysiological means. Lasers in Dentistry. Excerpta Medica. Elsevier Science Publishers. 1989: p. 277. [53] Moore K et al: LLLT treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Laser Therapy. 1988; Pilot issue (1): 7. [54] McKibbin L et al: Treatment of post herpetic neuralgia using a 904 nm (infrared) low energy laser: A clinical study. Laser Therapy. 1991; 3(1): 35. [55] Hong J et al: Clinical trial of low reactive-level laser therapy in 20 patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Laser Therapy. 1990; 2(4): 167. [56] Hachenberger I: Laserstrahlen bie Herpeskrankungen. Ärztliche Kosmetologie. 1981; 11: 142. [57] von Ahlften U et al: Erfahrungen bei der Behandlung aphtöser und herpetiformer Mundschleimhauterkrankungen mit einem neuen Infrarotlaser. Die Quintessenz. 1987; 5: 927. [58] Landthaler M et al: Behandlung von Zoster, postzosterischen Schmerzen und Herpes simplex recidivans in loco mit Laser-Licht. Fortschr. Med. 1983; 101(22):1039. [59] Kaihøj P: Low Level Lasers Effekt på Følsomme Tandhalse - en klinisk pilottest. Odont Pract. 1991; 6(2): 229. [60] Wakabayashi H et al: Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity by GaAlAs soft laser irradiation. J Dent Res. 1988; 67: 182.

50 positive double blind studies

Airaksinen O, et al: Effects of infra-red laser irradiation at the trigger points. Scand J of Acu & El Therapy. 1988; 3: 56-61. Armino L et al: Laser therapy in post-episiotomic neuralgie. LASER. Journ Eur Med Laser Ass. 1988; 1(1):7. Atsumi K et al: Biostimulation effect of low-power energy diode laser for pain relief. Lasers in Surg Med. 1987; 7: 77. Bihari I, Mester A: The biostimulative effect of low level laser therapy of long-standing crural ulcer using Helium Neon laser, Helium Neon plus infrared lasers and non coherent light: Preliminary report of a randomized double blind comparative study. Laser Therapy. 1989; 1(2): 97. Carillo J et al: A randomized double-blind clinical trial on the effectiveness of helium-neon laser in the prevention of pain, swelling and trismus after removal of impacted third molars. Int Dent Journ. 1990;40:31. Ceccherelli F et al: Diode laser in cervical myofascial pain. A double blind study versus placebo. The Clinical J Pain. 1989; 4: 301-304 Emmanoulidis O et al: CW IR low-power laser application significantly accelerates chronic pain relief rehabilitation of professional athletes. A double blind study. Lasers in Surg Med. 1986; 6: 173. England S et al: Low power laser therapy of shoulder tendonitis. Scand J Rheumatology. 1989; 18: 427. Fernando S et al: A randomized double blind comparative study of low level laser therapy following surgical extraction of lower third molar. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993; 31(3): 170. Goldman J A et al: Laser therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Lasers in Surg Med. 1980; 1: 93-101. Gudmundsen J et al: Laserbehandling av epicondylitis humeri og rotatorcuffsyndrom. Dobbelt blindstudie - 200 pasienter. (Laser treatment of epicondylitis humeri and rotator cuff syndrome. Double blind study - 200 patients. In Norwegian) Norsk tidsskrift for idrettsmedisin. 1987; 2: 6. Gärtner C: Analgesy by low power laser (LPL): a controlled double blind study in ankylosing spondarthritis (SPA). Lasers in Surg Med. 1989; Suppl 1:55. Haker E, et al: Is low-energy laser treatment effective in lateral epicondylalgia? Journal of pain and symptom management. 1991; 6(4): 241. Hopkins G O et al: Double blind cross over study of laser versus placebo in the treatment of tennis elbow. Proc Internat Congr in laser, “Laser Bologna”. 1985; p 210. Monduzzi Editore S.p.A., Bologna. Kamikawa K et al: Double blind experiences with mid-Lasers in Japan. 1985. Int congr on lasers in med and surg, Bologna June 1985, 165-169. Moduzzi Editore S.p.A., Bologna.



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Kemmotsu M D at al: LLLT for pain attenuation - the current experience in the pain clinic. Progress in Laser Therapy. 1991: 197-200. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Engl. ISBN 0-471-93154-3. Khullar S et al: Low level laser treatment improves longstanding sensory aberrations in the inferior alveolar nerve following surgical trauma. SPIE Proc. 1995; Vol. 2630-21. Kreczi T et al. A comparison of laser acupuncture versus placebo in radicular and pseudoradicular pain syndromes as recorded by subjective responses of patients.. Acupunct Electrotherap Res. 1986; 11: 207-216. Lonauer G: Controlled double blind study on the efficacy of He-Ne-laser beams versus He-Ne- plus Infrared-laser beams in the therapy of activated osteoarthritis of finger joints. Lasers Surg Med 1986; 6:172. Longo L et al: Treatment with 904 nm and 10600 nm laser of acute lumbago - double blind control. LASER. Journ Eur Med Laser Ass. 1988; 1(3):16. Lögdberg-Andersson M, et al: Low level laser treatment of tendonitis and myofacial pains- A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Submitted for publication. Mach E S et al: Helium-Neon (Red Light) Therapy of Arthritis. Rhevmatologia, 1983; 3: 36. Mester A: Biostimulative effect in wound healing by conti-nuous wave 820 nm laser diode double-blind randomized cross-over study. Lasers in med science abstract issue July 1988. Mokhtar B et al: A double blind placebo controlled investigation of the hypoalgesic effects of low intensity laser irradiation of the cervical roots using experimental ischaemic pain. ILTA Congress, London l992, abstracts p 61 Mokhtar B et al: The possible significance of pulse repetition rate in lasermediated analgesia: A double blind placebo controlled investigation using experimental ischaemic pain. Proc. Second Meeting of the International Laser Therapy Association, London Sept 1992. Moore K et al: LLLT treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Laser Therapy. 1988; 1: 7. Moore K et al: The effect of infra-red diode laser irradiation on the duration and severity of postoperative pain. A double-blind trial. Laser Therapy. 1992; 4: 145. Mousques T: Etude en double aveugle des effets du traitment unilateral au laser hélium-néon lors de chirurgies parodontales biláterales simultanés. Quest Odontostomatol. 1986; 11: 245. Mousques T.: Etude en double aveugle des effets du hélium-néon en chirurgie parodontale. L.Q.O.S. 1986; 11: 223. Nivbrant Bo, et al: Therapeutic laser treatment in gonarthrosis. Acta Orthop Scand. 1989; 60: 231. Oyamada Y et al: A double blind study of low power He-Ne laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Optoelectronics in Medicine. 1987; p 747-750. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Palmgren N et a: Low-power laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Lasers in Med Science. 1989; 4: 193. Palmgren N et a: Low Level Laser Therapy of infected abdominal wounds after surgery. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 1991;Suppl 3:11. Palmieri B: A double blind stratified cross over study of amateur tennis players suffering from tennis elbow using infrared laser therapy. Medical Laser Report. 1984; 1: 2-14 Pedrola M et al: Acute cervical pain relieved with gallium arsenurio (GaAs) laser irradiation. A double blind study. Lasers in Surg Med 1995, suppl 7, p 10. Roumeliotis D et al: 820nm 15mW 4J/cm2, laser diode application in sports injunes. A double blind study. Abstracts, Fifth Annual Congress, 28-30 January 1987. British Medical Laser Association. Scudds R A et al: A double-blind crossover study of the effectiveness of low-power gallium arsenide laser on the symptoms of fibrositis. Physiotherapy Canada. 1989; 41: (suppl 3) 2. Snyder-Mackler L et al: Effect of Helium-Neon Laser on Musculoskeletal Triggerpoints. Physical Therapy. 1986; 66: 1087. Snyder-Meckler L et al: Effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on peripheral sensory nerve latency. Physical Therapy. 1988; 2: 223. Snyder-Meckler L et al: Effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on skin resistance and pain in patients with trigger points in the neck or back. Physical Therapy. 1989; 69(5): 336. Soto M, Moller J J. La laserterapia como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la A.R. (Artritis Reumatoidea). Bol. C.D.L. 1987; 14: 4. Taghawinejag M et al: Laser Therapie in der Behandlung kleiner Gelenke bei chronikscher Poly-arthritis. Z Phys Med Baln Med Klin. 1985; 14. Taguchi T et al: Thermographic changes following laser irradiation for pain. J Clinical Laser Med Surg. 1991; 2(9): 143. Toya S et al: Report on a computer-randomized double blind clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of the GaAlAs (830 nm) diode laser for pain attenuation in selected pain. Laser Therapy 1994;6:143. Tsurko V V et al: Laser therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical and morphological study. Terap Arkh. 1983; 97. (Russian).



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Velez-Gonzalez M et al: Treatment of relapse in herpes simplex on labial and facial areas and of primary herpes simplex on genital areas and “area pudenda” with low power HeNe-laser or Acyclovir administred orally. SPIE Proc. 1995; Vol. 2630-42. Vasseljen O, et al: Low level laser versus placebo in the treatment of tennis elbow. Scand J Rehab Med. 1992; 24: 37. Walker J: Relief from Chronic Pain by Low Power Laser Irradiation. Neuroscience Letters. 1983; 43: 339. Walker J: Temporary suppression of clonus in humans by brief photostimulation. Brain Research. 1985; 340: 109. Walsh D et al: The effect of low intensity laser irradiation upon conduction and skin temperature in the superficial radial nerve. Double blind placebo controlled investigation using experimental ischaemic pain. Proc. Second Meeting of the Internat Laser Therapy Association, London Sept. 1992.. Willner R et al: Low power infrared laser biostimulation of chronic osteoarthritis in hand. Lasers in Surg Med. 1985; 5: 149.


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