large disturbance in the european power system on the 4th of november 2006 cams/rrpa panel session...
TRANSCRIPT
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Large Disturbance in the European Power System on the 4th of November 2006
CAMS/RRPA Panel SessionMitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages:
Methodologies and Practical ApplicationsPES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada
July 24, 2013
Janusz Bialek (Durham), Vladimir Terzija (Manchester), Taiying Zheng (Manchester), Walter Sattinger (Swissgrid)
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• Site of two UNESCO Wold Heritage Sites
• 3rd oldest university in England
Durham University
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PMAPS 2014, Durham
• International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, 7-10 July 2014
• Paper submission deadline 30 Nov 2013• www.dur.ac.uk/pmaps.2014, [email protected]
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• Source of data and diagrams: UCTE “Final Report System Disturbance on 4 November 2006”
• 15M households affected, 16,724 MW lost• The worst disturbance in 50 years of UCTE/ENTSOE in terms
of the number of TSOs affected and frequency deviations involved
• Duration 1 hour and 35 minutes (22:10-23:45) but only 38 minutes three island operation
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• East-West transfer• 15 GW of wind (5.5%)• High flows around
Germany
Source: UCTE
Voltage phase angle differences in the UCTE system at 22:00
Source: UCTE Abschlussbericht zur Systemstörung 4. Nov. 2006
Loading pre-disturbance
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• Note the difference between scheduled and actual flows (e.g. FR-D, FR-BE) due to loop flow phenomenon
• Especially important D-NL, D-PL due to high wind
Source: UCTE
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Timeline
• 18 Sept: a shipyard request EON for a routine disconnection of double circuit 380 kV line in Northern Germany on 5 Nov
• 3 Nov: the shipyard request to bring forward the disconnection by 3 hours
• EON agrees provisionally but does not modify Day Ahead Congestion Forecast (DACF) distributed to all TSOs
• 4 Nov, 7 pm: EON informs RWE and TenneT about new time for the line outage
• 9.30 pm: EON concludes empirically, without updated (N-1) analysis, that the outage would be secure (it wasn’t!)
Image: http://www.cruise-ship-report.com/News/110506.htm
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• RWE does (N-1) analysis of its area which indicates high but secure loading
• 9.38: EON disconnects the line • 9.39-41: warnings of high flows• EON assesses the situation empirically, without
simulations, and decides to couple a busbar to reduce the current by 80 A
• Result: the current increases by 67 A and the line trips• Cascading line tripping all over UCTE and separation into
3 regions with different frequencies
Source: UCTE
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0.8 GW deficit49.7 Hz
8.9 GW deficit49 Hz
10 GW surplus51.4 Hz
Source: UCTE
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Western Europe: 8.9 GW deficit
• Drop of frequency halted by load shedding• But frequency drop caused tripping of 10.7 GW of
generation (40% wind)
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North-Eastern Europe: 10 GW surplus
• Initial rise of frequency halted by AGC and tripping of frequency-sensitive generation (mainly wind)
• As frequency started to drop, windmills started to reconnect automatically worsening the situation
• Situation stabilised by manual action of TSOs
Source: UCTE
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South-Eastern Europe: modest 0.8 GW deficit
• No load shedding activated, subsystem (N-1) secure
Source: UCTE
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Resynchronisation
• A number of uncoordinated unsuccessful attempts made without knowledge of the overall UCTE situation
• Full resynchronisation after 38 minutesSource: UCTE
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UCTE root cause analysis
• Main points:– (N-1) security rule, inadequate inter-TSO
coordination– Lack of situational awareness– Other factors (wind farms, lack of coordination)
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Improvements since 2006: situational awareness
• Web-based visibility of cross-border flows in Europe, ACE, generation
• traffic light system to indicate security, control reserves and state of IT infrastructure
• RAAS – real-time awareness and alarming system, EAS (ENTSO-E awareness)– all TSOs have the same view – the information maintenance is done on two central points
with highly redundant infrastructure.
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Improvements since 2006: coordinated (N-1) security analysis
• All national files are merged into one common CE load flow file
• each TSO downloads the complete system and perform complete (n-1) calculation.
• Evening phone/web/video conference of all the TSOs to coordinate remedial actions
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Further Measures: Synchronized Measurement Technology, WAMS
WAMS
HSE/PMU-SE
Situational Awareness
Dynamic SecurityAssessment
Decision Making
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All measurements are synchronised by GPS signal
48.8
49
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50
50.2
50.4
50.6
50.8
51
51.2
51.4
51.6
04.11.2006 22:00:00 04.11.2006 22:10:00 04.11.2006 22:20:00 04.11.2006 22:30:00 04.11.2006 22:40:00 04.11.2006 22:50:00 04.11.2006 23:00:00
f [H
z]
frequency Bassecourt frequency Ag. Stefanos frequency Ternitz
Data Records during 39 Minutes of the Islanding System Operation
Source: W.Sattinger, Swissgrid
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Large Disturbance in the European Power System on the 4th of November 2006
CAMS/RRPA Panel SessionMitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages:
Methodologies and Practical ApplicationsPES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada
July 24, 2013
Janusz Bialek (Durham), Vladimir Terzija (Manchester), Taiying Zheng (Manchester), Walter Sattinger (Swissgrid)