using synchrophasors for preventing cascading outages...2013/08/05 · using synchrophasors for...
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Using Synchrophasors for Preventing Cascading Outages
CAMS/RRPA Panel Session Mitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages: Methodologies and Practical
Applications PES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada
July 24, 2013 Eric Heredia (BPA) and Ryan Quint (BPA) on
behalf of Dmitry Kosterev (BPA)
BPA “Defense in Depth” approach
§ Reliability starts with good planning – long-‐range and opera;onal planning … But, actual system condi;ons are o@en different from what is planned …
§ State es;mator based real ;me con;ngency analysis … But, your model may be wrong (model errors, control failures, etc) …
… or a dispatcher may not have adequate ;me to respond to an event …
§ Intrinsic indicators of system stability
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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BPA PMU Project
• 5-‐year, $35M investment began in 2010 • PMU Installa;on
– 50 substa;ons and wind sites – 120 PMUs installed
• Control center upgrades for system operators – PDCs, Applica;ons, Archives
• Wide Area Controls (RAS)
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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Applica;ons The value of the investment will be realized
through the deployment of applica9ons
• Engineering Applica9ons – Understand system performance issues, make
beWer capital investments, set safer opera;ng limits
• Real-‐Time Wide-‐Area Situa9onal Awareness – Give grid operators beWer visibility of the system
state
• Wide Area Controls – Increase stability limits
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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Model Valida;on for BeWer Planning • BPA has installed PMUs at power plant POIs • General Electric Company implemented disturbance playback func;on
in GE PSLF • BPA developed Power Plant Model Valida;on (PPMV) applica;on using
PMU data
~
Record: -‐ POI bus voltage -‐ POI bus frequency -‐ Power plant MWs and MVARs
Point of Interconnec;on
V I
Model Valida;on for BeWer Planning • What a good models looks like:
Blue line = actual recording Red line = model
Voltage and frequency are inputs Ac;ve and reac;ve power are “measures of success”
Model Valida;on for BeWer Planning • What a bad model looks like:
Blue line = actual recording Red line = model
Voltage and frequency are inputs Ac;ve and reac;ve power are “measures of success”
Mode Meter • Mode Meter (Ac9ve)
– Developed by Dan Trudnowski at Montana Tech
– Applica;on es;mates frequency and damping of inter-‐area oscilla;ons from ambient data
– Available to BPA dispatchers – Opera;ng procedures are under
development
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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Display of oscillation trend
MMM: N-S_A DampingMMM: N-S_A2 DampingMODE METER NS-A LOW DAMPING LIMIT
percent
percent
15:00 15:30 16:00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
0.00
15.00
5
9.90
9.27
MMM: N-S_A Frequency MMM: N-S_A2 Frequency
Hz
Hz
7/9/2013 2:14:48 PM 7/9/2013 4:14:48 PM2.00 hours
0.205
0.210
0.215
0.220
0.225
0.230
0.235
0.240
0.245
0.200
0.250
0.217
0.217
Oscilla;on Detec;on Applica;on • Oscilla9on Detec9on Applica9on (Ac9ve)
– Developed by Dan Trudnowski at Monata Tech – Scans voltages, frequencies, ac;ve and reac;ve power for signs of
sustained or growing power oscilla;ons – Applied to inter;es, load centers and genera;ng facili;es
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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The oscillation spectrum is divided into four frequency bins A bin turns to red when a sustained oscillation is detected
How can we use angles?
Wide-‐Area Stability Controls • Wide-‐Area Stability Controls (Under Development)
– Takes synchronized wide-‐area measurements to determine voltage stability risks – Enable fast switching of reac;ve devices
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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Malin 500-kV Bus Voltage
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Time (sec)
Volta
ge (p
er u
nit)
Disturbance
Timely actions are needed to ensure the system stability
Defense in Depth Study
Value of Synchrophasor Investment
IEEE Boise, Nov 16, 2012
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• Improved capital investment – BeWer understanding of the system risks through deployment of
engineering analysis applica;ons
• Improved reliability and large scale outage avoidance – BeWer situa;onal awareness by dispatchers of oscilla;on and voltage
stability risks – Wide area control schemes and defense in depth to deal with
extreme events
• Reliable wind integra9on – Improved modeling, valida;on – Dynamic transfer capability