language obsolescence and revitalization: the case of the .... jones-lyon... · language...
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Language Obsolescence andRevitalization: The Case of
the Channel IslandsMari Jones
University of [email protected]
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Charles Joret
• Des Caractères et de l’extension du patoisnormand (1883)
• Ligne Joret• /k/ + /a/ > /k/ - ; /k/ + front vowel > - /s/
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français Jèrriais Guernésia i s Serquiais chat, vache [ ]
k , v k k kat (V), v k
k t v k
Cent, cinq [s]
k, ek
, o , e, j
, t , e, ej
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‘Internal’ Linguistic Variation’
• Jersey (east - west)
• Guernsey (north -south)
• /ko/ (C,V) - /kaw/ (F,P) (fr. chaud)
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Speakers
JERSEY• 1989: 5,720 (6.9%)• 2001: 2,874 (2%)
GUERNSEY• 2001: 1,327 (2.2%)
• SARK: c. 20
• ALDERNEY: 0
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History (1)
• 1204 - King John “Lackland” loses the duchyof Normandy to the French (King PhilippeAuguste)
• The archipelago continues its politicalallegiance to England
• English garrisons in Jersey and GuernseyContact with English (especially in St. Helier
and in St. Peter Port)
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History (2)
• Tourism• Finance IndustryImmigration from the United Kingdom
• 1940: Occupation by the Germans (5years)
Evacuation
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Sark
• 1835: English-speaking miners arrive(tin)
• Tourism
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Borrowings (1)
• Bike (vélo) [English: ‘bike’] (J)• Boutchet (seau) [Eng.: ‘bucket’] (J)• Dgêle (tempête) [Eng.: ‘gale’] (J)• Alouaïr (permettre) [Eng.: ‘allow’] (G)• Châtcher (secouer) [Eng.: ‘shake’] (G)• Djaine (bande) [Eng.: ‘gang’] (G)• (tricoter) [Eng.: ‘to knit’] (S)
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Borrowings (2)
Jersey• Ticl’ye (bouilloire) (< ‘tea-kettle’)cf. G. caudjère
Sark• (crible) (<‘screen/riddle’)cf. J. cribl’ye
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‘With’
Auve (J), Dauve (G), [ov] (S)• Counnis-tu chutte belle garce dauve l’s bllus
iaers? (G) (‘Connais-tu cette belle fille auxyeux bleus?’)
Atout (J), atou (G) [atu] (S)• J’ai copaï lé pôin atou lé couté (‘J’ai coupé le
pain avec le couteau’)Acanté (J)• Je m’en vais acanté lyi (‘Je vais avec elle’)
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Calques
• J’fallais aller en cours (J)• La langue va (G)• [par le sɛ tu tɛ fini] (S)
• I sont bein supportés (J)• Not desnaïr fut attendu par 230
persaonnes (G)
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Language Planning (1)
• L’Assembllaïed’Guernesiais
• L’Assembléed’Jèrriais
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Language Planning (2)• La Société Jersiaise
(1873)(Section de laLangue Jèrriaise -1995))
• La SociétéGuernesiaise (1882)
• Le Congès des ParlersNormands et Jèrriais(1996)
• Don Balleine Trust(Jersey) (1943)
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Language Planning (3)
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Codification (1)
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Codification (2)
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Codification (3)
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Literature
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Sark
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Teaching
• Evening classes: 1967 (Jersey), c. 1980(Guernsey)
• Primary school since 1999 (Jersey), 2004(Guernsey)
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Corpus Planning• lé compiuter, lé printeu• lé software, l’email• brantchi (cf. brancher); clavi (cf. clavier);
distchette (cf. disquette)• internet; modem; scanneu• boîte de dialogue; disque dur• ithangnie; la page dé siez-mé• èrchelle (cf. flèche à défiler); déchergi (cf.
télécharger)
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Welsh Language initiativesoutside the school
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Eisteddfod (cultural festival)
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Standardisation
• St. Ouen sub-dialect(St. Ouennais)
• 'In many ways ...has asserted itselfas the standard formof Jèrriais'
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Table after K. George (1986): ThePronunciation and Spelling of Revived Cornish
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Mèrcie bein des fais
A la perchôine!