ANCIENT INDIABY : MUHAMMAD NABIL HAKIM BIN KAMARUZAMANBM14200014

03/06/2015

ENVIRONMENT• This county was separated by sea from Asia.• The only passes were in the north-west, which link with the

iranian plate..• The northern plains were watered by monsoons..• The climate everywhere was tropical..• In the plains there were few wild flowers..

ARCHITECTURE• Secular architecture is of little consequence• The extensive palace and garden of pataliputra built by Asoka’s

grandfather.• The indigenous architecture was solely religios.• They have on system of mathematical proportions both in

detail.• This is apparent in the realization of the allegory at Borobudur.

LANDSCAPE• Like the lotus, these monuments were self evoled out of

apparent waste.• There is nevertheless, in the domestic sphere, evidence of

early hindu garden.

MAN’S RELATION TO THE UNIVERSE

• Mandala is a basis of religious building.• Is a late of the 18th or

19th century, but the principle has remained unchanged.

Tibetan mandala

• Is an indian concept of pratibimba,• The imagined structure of

the cosmos and supernatural things.• The concept also includes

the making of sacred mountains.• Towards the end of the first

century BC four gateways (torana) were added at the four cardinal point.

The Great Stupa At Sanchi

STUPA OF BARABUDUR

• Probably built in the mid-eighth century • It is a pure mandala

created from a hill in the centre of the kedu plain• Three terraces on

which are seated seventy-two budda in latticed stupas

Plan of stupa

Latticed stupa

Section stupa of barabudur

DRAVIDIAN TEMPLES• Ranged from rock

excavation to seashore• Near aurangabad in

the deccan• The mid-eighteenth

century panorama by thomas daniell

Ellura hills

• One of the greatest dravidian monument• Indicated as an

architectural replica of the sacred Mount Kailasa

Kailasanatha temple

• Is on the sea coast below madras• One of a complex of

Dravidian monument built by the rulers of the Pallava dynasty in the seventh century.

The shore temple at Mamallapuram

• Is carved on the face of a granite boulder over eighty feet long

descent of the ganges from the himalayas

TEMPLE OF ANGKOR• Jungle city of water

and mountain temple on the cambodian lake tonle sap• By the fiteenth

century its population may have been a million

The overall plan

• The square was elongated on the east-west axis• This directional tendency is seen throughout the

whole complex

Plan angkor wat and angkor thom