lake erie and st. clair river to detroit river ecosystem · lake erie and st. clair river to...
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Lake Erie and St. Clair Lake Erie and St. Clair River to Detroit River River to Detroit River
EcosystemEcosystem
Dan Dan O’RiordanO’RiordanU.S. EPA Region 5U.S. EPA Region 5
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biologically productivebiologically productiveCarolinian Zone of OntarioCarolinian Zone of Ontario100+ Canadian Species at Risk and 36 100+ Canadian Species at Risk and 36
globally rare speciesglobally rare specieshigh species richnesshigh species richnessone third of the one third of the Great Lakes basin Great Lakes basin population population most stress from urbanization most stress from urbanization and agricultureand agriculturevulnerable to aquatic NIS vulnerable to aquatic NIS invasions invasions 144+ NIS in Lake Erie basin144+ NIS in Lake Erie basin
Lake Erie is UniqueLake Erie is Unique
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Lake Erie Drainage BasinLake Erie Drainage Basin
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St. Clair River St. Clair River ––
Lake St. Clair Lake St. Clair ––
Detroit RiverDetroit River
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Primary threat to biological integrity: Primary threat to biological integrity: NonNon--native species native species
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There are currently 34 nonThere are currently 34 non--native native fish species in Lake Erie.fish species in Lake Erie.
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Altered habitats favor nonAltered habitats favor non--native native speciesspecies
Zebra Mussels Native Freshwater Mussels
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smallmouth bass
rock bass
7 other species
freshwater drum
Information from NYSDEC
Frequency Of Dead Fish Species Observed Frequency Of Dead Fish Species Observed Along NY Lake Erie Beaches, September 2001Along NY Lake Erie Beaches, September 2001
81%
11%
5%3%
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Bonaparte's Gull0.67%
Herring Gull4.36%
Great B lack-Backed Gull
2.35%
Black Duck0.34%
Bufflehead1.68%
Horned Grebe2.01%
Common Loon10.74%
Ring-Billed Gull31.54%
Red-Breasted Merganser
45.64%
Mallard Duck0.33%
Common Crow0.34%
Percent Mortality On NY Lake Erie Percent Mortality On NY Lake Erie Shoreline By Species Observed Shoreline By Species Observed -- Fall 2000Fall 2000
Mortality: 5,000Mortality: 5,000--6,000 Birds6,000 Birds
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NonNon--native Zooplanktonnative Zooplankton
Cercopagis
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NonNon--native Introductionsnative Introductions
?
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Nutrient concentrations and cyclingNutrient concentrations and cycling
?
MicrocystisZebra Mussels
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“Dead Zone”
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OH, PA, NY, ONOH, PA, NY, ONSwamp forestSwamp forest
NY, ON, oakNY, ON, oak--hickory in OH, hickory in OH, beechbeech--maple in PAmaple in PA
MesicMesic forestforestOH, NY, likely PA, ONOH, NY, likely PA, ONUpland marshUpland marsh
OH, PA, NY, ONOH, PA, NY, ONBogs and fensBogs and fensOH, ON, likely NY, PAOH, ON, likely NY, PAShrub swampShrub swamp
OH, ON, likely PAOH, ON, likely PAMesicMesic prairieprairieOH, PA, NY, ONOH, PA, NY, ONWet meadowWet meadow
MI, PA, NY, likely OH, ONMI, PA, NY, likely OH, ONEmergent Emergent macrophytesmacrophytesNY, ON, likely OH, PANY, ON, likely OH, PAFloating Floating macrophytesmacrophytes
PA, NY, ONPA, NY, ONSubmerged Submerged macrophytesmacrophytesOH, PA, NY, ONOH, PA, NY, ONSand dunesSand dunes
OH, PA, ONOH, PA, ONInterdunalInterdunal wetlandswetlandsPA, likely in NY, ONPA, likely in NY, ONUnconsolidated shore bluffsUnconsolidated shore bluffs
Sand: OH, PA, NY, ON; Cobble: ?Sand: OH, PA, NY, ON; Cobble: ?Sand/Cobble BeachesSand/Cobble BeachesOH, likely in ONOH, likely in ONIslandsIslandsWHERE IMPAIREDWHERE IMPAIREDHABITATHABITAT
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Endemic SpeciesEndemic Species
Lake Erie
Water Snake
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Contaminants Contaminants continue to continue to cycle through cycle through the sediments the sediments and the food and the food webweb
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Lake Sturgeon Lake Sturgeon -- Making A ComebackMaking A Comeback
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MayfliesMayflies
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Lake Erie Lake Erie LaMPLaMP 20022002
Activities to Enhance Biological IntegrityActivities to Enhance Biological Integrity
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Activities to Enhance Biological IntegrityActivities to Enhance Biological Integrity
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Activities to Enhance Biological IntegrityActivities to Enhance Biological Integrity
St. Clair River habitat and nonSt. Clair River habitat and non--point point source improvement projectssource improvement projects
Lake St. Clair Coastal Habitats Lake St. Clair Coastal Habitats Restoration Conservation ProjectRestoration Conservation Project
Ontario Environmental Farm Plan & Ontario Environmental Farm Plan & Ontario Rural Clean Water ProgramsOntario Rural Clean Water Programs
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Activities to Enhance Activities to Enhance Biological IntegrityBiological Integrity
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Activities to Enhance Biological IntegrityActivities to Enhance Biological Integrity
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What actions are needed toWhat actions are needed tounderstand and improve theunderstand and improve the
biological integrity of Lake Eriebiological integrity of Lake Erieand the St. Clair River to Detroit and the St. Clair River to Detroit
River Ecosystem?River Ecosystem?
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Actions NeededActions Needed
1. Minimize and control 1. Minimize and control nonnon--native species.native species.
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2. Promote the protection and 2. Promote the protection and restoration of habitats across restoration of habitats across
jurisdictions.jurisdictions.
Actions NeededActions Needed
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3. Implement activities that 3. Implement activities that manage nutrients.manage nutrients.
Actions NeededActions Needed
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4. Improve data collection to 4. Improve data collection to facilitate informed decisions.facilitate informed decisions.
Actions NeededActions Needed
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Biological IntegrityBiological Integrity
Lake Erie:Lake Erie:mixed to mixed deterioratingmixed to mixed deteriorating
St. Clair River St. Clair River –– Lake St. Clair Lake St. Clair --Detroit River Ecosystem: Detroit River Ecosystem:
mixedmixed
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