laikipia county business agenda

LAIKIPIA COUNTY BUSINESS AGENDA

P.O. Box 30225 - 00100 GPO Nairobi15 Mwanzi RoadTel:+254 020 2324817/8; 020 8155531/2; 020 2166657Mobile:+254 722-201368, 0706-612384, 0734 646004/5Email: [email protected]: www.kam.co.ke

An Advocacy Tool for Laikipia County Business Forum

The Oasis of Opportunities

Laikipia County COVER FINAL 2.pdf 1 12/8/2014 4:50:08 PM

Laikipia County Business Agenda.indd 1 12/9/2014 9:44:22 AM

Laikipia County Priority Business Agenda 2014 I

LAIKIPIA COUNTY BUSINESS AGENDAAn Advocacy Tool for Laikipia County Business Forum


Laikipia County Business Agenda 2014II

Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM)P.O. Box 30225 - 00100 GPO NairobiMwanzi Road, Opposite Nakumatt Westgate, WestlandsTel:+254 020 2324817/8; 020 8155531/2; 020 2166657Mobile:+254 722-201368, 0706-612384, 0734 646004/5Email: [email protected]: www.kam.co.ke

All Rights ReservedA publication of the Kenya Association of Manufacturers printed on behalf of the Laikipia County Business Forum.© 2014 Kenya Association of Manufacturers

CopyrightsThe material in this work is copyrighted. Except for the quotation of short passagesand sections for which due acknowledgement MUST be made, no part of this reportmay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by anymeans electronic, mechanical, photo copying or otherwise, without prior authorityof the Kenya Association of Manufacturers.

Laikipia County Priority Business Agenda 2014 III

Table of ContentsMap Showing Laikipia County ............................................................... IV

Foreword................................................................................................ 2

Remarks by the Governor ...................................................................... 3

Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 6

Abbreviations ........................................................................................ 7

PART I .................................................................................... 8

Introduction ........................................................................... 8

PART II ................................................................................... 12

Laikipia County at a glance ................................................... 12

Issues Affecting Laikipia County ........................................... 14

PART III .................................................................................. 29

Proposals on Way Forward in Each Sector ............................ 29

Low Lying Fruits from the Way Forward ................................ 43

List of BMOs at the meeting .................................................. 46

References............................................................................. 47

Key Photograph .................................................................... 48

Laikipia County Business Agenda 2014IV

Map Showing Laikipia County

Population: 399,227 (2009 National Census)

No. of Constituencies: 3

No. of County Assembly Wards: 15

Laikipia County Priority Business Agenda 2014 1

Laikipia County Business Forum

Laikipia County Business Agenda 20142

Foreword

It is my pleasure to present to you the first edition of the Laikipia County Business Agenda.

This guide is a product of multiple interactions between the business community operating in Laikipia County under the auspices of the Laikipia County Business Forum and the Laikipia County Government under the leadership of the duly elected Governor H.E. Joshua Irungu.

The Laikipia County Guide is meant to act as a business advocacy tool for all business people in Laikipia County. The guide will also be useful to the Laikipia County Government in identifying key initiatives and areas of improvement geared towards

making Laikipia County actualize its potential to be the industrialization hub of Kenya towards the realization of Kenya’s national development plan, Vision 2030.

The guide adopts a sectoral approach in its identification of issues of interest to the business community. However, recommendations proposed in the guide cut across different thematic areas, while retaining a sectoral focus.

This guide is divided into three parts. Part I has a background of the County Round Tables in Kenya and expounds on the expectations from the Laikipia Governor’s Round Table. Part II contains facts about Laikipia County and explores the issues that face various sectors in the County. Part III makes recommendations on the way forward on the identified issues and highlights key issues that the county government can address immediately towards making a model county in Kenya. The guide concludes by emphasizing the importance of Public Private Dialogue and consistent collaborations between the county leadership and the business community in Laikipia County towards achievement of Kenya Vision 2030.

As the Chairman of Laikipia Business Forum, I share the Laikipia County Government’s dream of transforming Laikipia County into a leading tourism destination in Kenya, in addition to ensuring the environmental sustainability of the natural resources that are the pride of the county

Mr. David Wanjohi, Chairman, Laikipia County Business Forum


Remarks by the Governor

My government is happy to be associated with the development of the Laikipia County Business Forum, as our

collaboration is anchored in the Constitution of Kenya whose spirit of devolution envisions public participation in governance, with services being brought closer to the people. As such, the concept of a Public Private Dialogue (PPD) with the business community will be very critical to my government in the next five years as we are committed to working closely with the business community to ensure inclusivity, accessibility, responsiveness and accountability in governance and decision making especially in matters that affect the business climate of Laikipia County.

It is the vision of my government to ensure that Laikipia County, in addition to being a leading tourism destination in Kenya, becomes an industrial county concentrating on agribusiness and value addition to livestock products. We are committed to ensuring that the County will be the preferred place to invest in as it is an oasis of opportunities. As a government, we want to create a favorable environment for doing business. To achieve these, the county government has identified four key pillars to help release and achieve its vision and these are education, infrastructure and land planning, land ownership and security. We have taken deliberate legislative steps to set up a firm policy foundation for government operations including developing draft bills on education and bursary, enterprise fund, revenues, ward developments, public appointments, etc,.

As a government, we are committed to promote quality education in the county to complement the efforts of the national government in providing education at all levels. My government recognizes the critical importance of education in alleviating poverty. Promoting education and youth development will therefore remain our priority in the next five years. We have also identified infrastructure development and physical planning of Laikipia County both as a short term and long term agenda. We will undertake road maintenance, upgrading and development in the entire county to ensure accessibility. Further, we will undertake zoning and planning to ensure economical allocation of the available land resources to all sectors without preference, while at the same time addressing rampant poor land use activities, environmental degradation, poor agricultural practices and the uneconomical subdivision of land.


However, as a government, we acknowledge that zoning of ecological, agricultural and business areas and curbing of unsustainable environmental and farming practices will only bear fruits in a safe and secure environment, where businessmen and citizens alike go about their daily activities without fear.

Finally, my government acknowledges the fact that unemployment is the root cause of most of evils in the county including insecurity and increasing HIV infections. The county governments will therefore strive to make policies geared towards ensuring that the youth and women can access affordable funding to start businesses towards self employment. We will ensure that in Laikipia County, businesses become the engine for growth, creating jobs and new opportunities for our youth. As such, my government will establish a funding mechanism for the youth and women in the county by facilitating start-ups and other entrepreneurship programs. We will also set aside 50 acres of land to put up a Jua Kali Incubation Center in the county. Towards the achievement of such programs, we realize the need for collaboration with the private sector.

The development of the Laikipia County Business Forum is therefore timely, as we look at you as partners in development. My government seeks to facilitate the growth of agribusiness and value addition and to utilize modern agricultural practices and information technology to unlock the industrial potential of Laikipia County. We however realize that an industrialization agenda is driven by quality education which impacts the work force with relevant skills coupled with utilization of modern technologies. We recognize the role of the private sector as our key partner towards the development of relevant skills for graduates from both TVET and other institutions of higher learning within the county, to facilitate the growth of Laikipia County as an industrial hub, diverting focus from traditional, agricultural and tourism products.

We are also cognizant of the increased cost of doing business emanating from the high cost of energy. It is the goal of my government to work with private sector players in utilizing the available water, wind and bio-fuel in the county to generate power.

To achieve regular consultations and inclusion of key stakeholders, my government, through the specific county executives will coordinate with the private sector to get their views and active participation in the development of policies and legislation towards creation of a favorable business climate in Laikipia County so as to achieve industrialization and economic prosperity under the four pillars. With the private sector grouped around broad thematic areas, that is, a) Land Use and Management; b) Infrastructure; c) Service Delivery in Laikipia County; and, d) Promotion of Trade, Tourism and Industrial Growth; my government will seek constant dialogue and collaborations in policy development and implementation of our mandate.


To ensure constant and seamless dialogue between business stakeholders and my government, I strongly urge the business community in Laikipia County to work together and to continuously document their views for easier productive dialogue and consultations, follow up and collaboration with my government. Specifically, during my tenure, I will ensure that my government facilitates Quarterly Round Table Initiatives for all private sector stakeholders in the County to evaluate progress on issues identified through direct meetings with stakeholders or memorandums presented on specific advocacy issues by the Laikipia County Business Forum.

To achieve the vision, I have for Laikipia County, my government requires the partnership and the good will of all stakeholders. I therefore urge the private sector to work together with the county leadership to create employment so as to reduce insecurity and the prevalent pastoral way of life adopted by nomadic communities in the county. Further, I urge the private sector to work hand in hand with my government in establishing educational institutions at all levels, including mobile institutions and national universities. Finally, my government recognizes the need to develop a checklist of issues that it needs to address in the next five years.

However, we realize that some issues are critical and require our immediate attention. As such, the county government pledges to move with haste to address the quality of infrastructure, especially the roads being upgraded and developed. Further, my government realizes the importance of accessibility of clean water for domestic use, and we will work to ensure that residents in the county have access to this resource through rehabilitation of existing boreholes, drilling of new ones and the establishment of treatment plants.

We realize the importance of reducing of the cost of doing business through consolidation of all levies and by removing multiple licences, and we will work to amalgamate all these levies and licenses in the next one year. Finally, the role of physical planning and environmental sustainability in realizing the potential of Laikipia County as premier tourism and investment destination for Kenya cannot be gainsaid and as a government, we promise to devise an immediate county action plan to address planning, infrastructure and environmental sustainability in the county.

.

H.E. Joshua Irungu,Governor of Laikipia County


Acknowledgements

The Laikipia County Business Agenda was prepared from views and presentations of the business community in Laikipia

County.

Valuable input and reviews were provided by the Office of the Governor of Laikipia County.

The Business Agenda was complied through the concerted efforts of a dedicated team of my colleagues at the Kenya Association of Manufacturers including Tobias Alando, Paida

Nyamakanga, Frida Mbugua, Kenneth Ndungu and Anne Ndung’u, under the guidance of Serah Kimani, a consultant.

The Laikipia County Business Agenda benefited immensely from the review by members of the business community in Laikipia County including Laikipia County Natural Resources Network (LAICONAR), KNCC&I, KENAFF, LLM Cooperative Society, Matatu Vehicle Owners Association, Cereal Growers Association, Nanyuki Bodaboda SACCO (NABOSA), Laikipia Youth Generation Change, Laikipia Legal Forum and Laikipia Accountability Forum among others.

I am grateful to Business Advocacy Fund (BAF) for both the financial and technical support accorded to this project. The preparation of this Business Agenda would not have been possible without their support. I especially thank Mr. Clive Davis, the BAF Fund Manager and his team including Mr. Kariuki Waweru and Ms. Ruth Gathee for their dedication to the project and their valued insights.

Ms. Betty Maina, MBS

Chief Executive OfficerKenya Association of Manufacturers


Abbreviations

BAF Business Advocacy FundBMOs Business Member OrganisationsCCTV Closed Circuit TelevisionCETRAD Center for Training and Integrated Research in ASAL DevelopmentCFA Community Forest Associations CRA Commission of Revenue AllocationEAC East African CommunityFBO Faith Based OrganisationFDI Foreign Direct InvestmentFPE Free Primary EducationFSE Free Secondary EducationGDP Gross Domestic ProduceICTs Information Communication TechnologiesICU Intensive Care UnitJICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KAM Kenya Association of ManufacturersKENDAT Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies KENFAP Kenya National Federation of Agricultural ProducersKEPSA Kenya Private Sector AssociationKFS Kenya Forest ServicesKMC Kenya Meat CommissionKNBS Kenya National Bureau of StatisticsKNCC&I Kenya National Chamber of CommerceKSH Kenya ShillingKTB Kenya Tourism BoardKWS Kenya Wildlife ServiceLLM Laikipia Livestock Marketing MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and ExhibitionsMSMEs Micro, Small and Medium EnterprisesMTP Medium Term PlanNASEP National Agricultural Sector Extension Program NCPB National Cereal & Produce BoardNCPB National Cereals and Produce BoardNEMA National Environment Management AuthorityNGO Non Governmental OrganisationPPD Public Private DialoguePPP Public Private PartnershipR&D Research and DevelopmentRVA Rift Valley AdventuresSACCO Savings and Credits Cooperative OrganizationSMEs Small and Medium EnterprisesTVET Technical and Vocational Education Training InstitutionsLAPSET The Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor projectWRMA Water Resources Management Authority


PART I

Introduction

Background of County Round Tables in Kenya

With the concept of devolution firmly enshrined in The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the private sector appreciates the urgent need for reorganising its advocacy approach to ensure that devolution works for businesses, without interruption or taking away from the gains already reaped from previous business advocacy.

Armed with this realization, and appreciating the importance of solidarity in advocacy, Business Membership Organizations (BMOs) jointly1 organized a national consultative forum dubbed Ensuring devolution delivers for business: Building Coalitions In Pursuit of Business Interest on 18th April 2013. This national forum resolved that “devolution must not interrupt business; it must deliver for business and the country at large.”

The national consultative meeting for Business Membership Organizations further resolved to adopt a new advocacy strategy for lobbying county governments. BMOs agreed to formulate clear, structured and workable ways and channels of engaging county governments to ensure coherence and consistency in their advocacy. In line with this, BMOs in each county would create coalitions to pursue advocacy in county governments through well organized forums, preferably, county roundtables. The national meeting also resolved that BMOs in each region in Kenya would strive towards establishing a regional business agenda to avoid multiple and repetitive encounters with county leadership. This would in turn ensure a coherent and consistent statement of business issues with a strong and united voice.

1. The meeting, held in Nairobi, was organized by FKE, KAM, KCCI, KEPSA & KENFAP, under the leadership of KAM.


Main Objectives of the BMOs’ Coalition

• To create a platform for advocacy to deal with business issues in the counties through frequent dialogue and engagement mechanisms;

• To better place the business community so as to influence county governments on business climate issues;

• To establish a platform for expanding a trade and investment framework in each county; and

• To provide stakeholders with an opportunity to critically participate in the governance and growth of the County as contemplated by Chapter Eleven of the Constitution.

Key Objectives of Laikipia County Governor’s Round Table

• To create a platform for advocacy on business related issues in Laikipia County through frequent dialogue and engagement mechanisms with the Laikipia County Government;

• To ensure that the business community in Laikipia County will be better placed to influence the county leadership towards the creation of a business friendly environment;

• To establish a platform for expanding a trade and investment framework in Laikipia County;

• To provide the stakeholders in Laikipia County with an opportunity to critically participate in the governance and growth of their County;

• To identify key flagship projects within Laikipia County in line with Kenya Vision 2030; and

• To discuss incentives that can be extended to investors in the County by county government.


Laikipia County Governor’s Round Table

Figure 1 – The four focus groups formed during the roundtable

In light of the resolutions from the BMOs’ national consultative meeting of 18th April 2013, Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) mobilized BMOs from Laikipia County under the auspices of the Laikipia County Business Forum to organize the county round table that was held on 6th June 2014. The Laikipia County Governor’s Roundtable was attended by among others the County Governor, members of the County Executive Committee and the Laikipia County business community under the umbrella body of the Laikipia County Business Forum and other non-affiliated business people.

Issues affecting the business community in the county, opportunities for investment in the county and governance issues were explored through presentations by both the business community and the county leadership. The private sector grouped itself under four thematic areas, chaired by members of the County Executive Committee as shown in figure 1 and as follows:

1. Land use and management;

2. Infrastructure;

3. Service delivery in Laikipia County; and,

4. Promotion of trade, tourism & industrial growth.

Land use and management

Promotion of Trade, Tourism & Indutrial Growth

Infrastructure

Service Delivery


The contents of this guide reflect the outcome of discussions in these four thematic areas, and recommendations that were arrived at by each group. The way forward in this guide reflects the consensus arrived at by the County Government and the private sector after each thematic group made presentations of discussions and recommendations for issues falling under each thematic area.

Expectations of the Business Community from the Laikipia County Governor’s Round Table

• That following the first round table in Laikipia County, a foundation for a lasting relationship between the business community and the County government will have been established, and that going forward, the Laikipia County Business Forum will be able to actively engage the County Government during its 2013 - 2017 tenure.

• That the Laikipia County Business Forum will co-ordinate and support efforts by the entire business community in Laikipia County to influence the County Government to implement business-friendly regulations that encourage investment, thus making Laikipia County the most competitive county in Kenya.

• That the issues identified in this guide will inform the development of a checklist of actionable issues by the Laikipia County Government for the next five years.

Despite the fact that some of the issues identified in this guide will evolve, with some being addressed within ayear of the date of this guide or an even shorter period, it is the expectation of the business community in Laikipia County that the county government will use this guide as a reference document in the amendment and implementation of the Laikipia County Integrated Development Plan as contemplated by the County Governments Act and other county policy strategies.


PART II

Laikipia County at a glance

• Laikipia County, range land plateau dominated by the Ewaso Nyiro North basin tributaries that flow from the south to the northern parts, is located on the Equator.

• The county is divided into three sub counties namely Laikipia East Constituency, Laikipia West Constituency and Laikipia North constituency.

• It borders eight counties namely Samburu County to the North, Isiolo County to the North East, Meru County to the East, Nyeri County to the South East, Nyandarua County and Nakuru County to the South West and Baringo County to the West.

• The county covers an area of 9,462 Km2 and is ranked as the 15th largest county in the country by land size.

• According to the 2009 KNBS Housing and Population Census, the total population for the county stood at 399,227 people of which 198,625 were males and 200,602 were females. This population was projected to be 427, 173 persons in 2012. It is expected to rise to 457,514 and 479,072 in 2015 and 2017 respectively.3

• The major urban centers in Laikipia County include Nanyuki, Nyahururu, Rumuruti and Kinamba. Nanyuki which is on the leeward side of Mount Kenya offers a spectacular view of Mount Kenya and the sight of the snowcapped mountain so close to the equator is a sight to behold.4

• Laikipia County is a major tourist destination in Kenya with key attractions including Mount Kenya National Park, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, Samburu National Reserve, Buffalo Hills National Reserve Shaba National Reserve and Thomson’s falls, a 70 metres scenic waterfall on the Ewaso Narok River, which drains from the Aberdare Mountain Range.

• Laikipia County is renowned for its abundant wildlife, where endangered species like the Bongo and the African wild dog are found.

2. Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.3. Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.4. See http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/laikipia-county.html.

Laikipia County derives its name from a maasai word Laikipia which means “treeless plain” denoting a vast plain where different kinds of wildlife roam freely on the range land.


• Laikipia County has a gazetted forest area totaling to 580 square kilometers, divided into indigenous and plantation forests. The indigenous forests include Mukogodo, which is a unique dry upland forest and Rumuruti, which is under threat from encroachment. The plantation forest includes Marmanet and Shamaneik.5

• Laikipia County is home to several vast community ranches, which are owned and managed by local communities to protect wildlife, communal lands, and grazing and herding lands.6 These ranches supply beef and dairy products.

• Laikipia County has several private ranches that offer various tourist attractions including fishing, walking and horseback safaris, and helicopter safaris which afford visitors a bird’s view of Laikipia’s wildlife and landscapes.7

• The county has five airstrips, the majority of which are managed by the private ranching community

• Agriculture is the major economic activity in Laikipia County with horticulture, mixed farming and livestock farming dominating the sector. The Beef, poultry and dairy industries have great potential for industrial growth through value addition.

• Tourism, especially eco-tourism is a key source of income for the county. The wildlife and spectacular landscape have encouraged a burgeoning eco-tourism industry.8

• The six main land use patterns in the county include pastoralism, mixed farming, ranching, agro pastoral, marginal mixed farming and formal employment/trade. These patterns are heavily influenced by the climatic conditions and the ecological zones.

5. See http://softkenya.com/laikipia-county. 6. Staying at one of these ranches can be a good way to experience and learn more about the local cultures, whether

they are Samburu, Pokot or any other member of the Kalenjin collective.7. Some places of interest in Laikipia include Solio Ranch, Oljogi Ranch, Ol Pejeta Ranch and the Borana ranch8. Over 6000 elephants and more than half of Kenya’s black rhino population roam the vast plateau


ISSUES AFFECTING LAIKIPIA COUNTY

Agriculture 9

Agriculture which is dominated by crop farming and animal rearing forms the major economic activity in Laikipia County, with a total arable land of approximately 1,984 square kilometres.10 This sector engages over 85 per cent of the population and provides the most important source of household income and livelihood. Over 60 per cent of households derive their livelihood from agricultural activities. This is due to its favourable climatic conditions and arable land which is specifically good for farming. The main crops grown include wheat, maize, beans, potatoes and vegetables. Maize takes about 51 per cent of the total planted area. Efforts have now been put in place to promote resistant crops such as millet, sorghum, sunflower and black beans (dolichos).

There is an emerging trend of increased floriculture and horticulture production both at large-scale and small-scale levels. This constitutes production of cut flowers, tomatoes, french beans, aloe, chillies and water melons.

There are also pockets of pineapple farms, orange trees and coffee bushes. In the recent past, however, the drier parts of the district on the slopes of Mount Kenya have come under particular pressure from intensive cropping of grains, roots, fruits and vegetables. Continuous low input crop production puts huge pressure on natural resources while the demand for food continues to grow. Rainfall, although averaging about 650 mm per year, can be very unreliable, especially in areas which have two distinct rainy seasons.11

However, the agricultural sector in Laikipia County faces numerous challenges which have threatened the growth of the county.

These include:

a. High cost and inaccessibility of farm inputs which limit the farmer’s ability to increase input use to increase production;12

b. Low level soil fertility because of continuous use for a long time. This has been aggravated by soil erosion on sloppy areas. This has had adverse effects on crop production;

c. Low production due to dependency on rain fed agriculture;

9. Kenya Vision 2030 identifies Agriculture as one of the six key priority sectors with high potential forspurring the country’s economic growth and development.

10. See Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.11. The onset of the rains can be delayed by up to two months in some seasons. However, the deep clay soils can store

sufficient water for good crops if moisture is properly conserved by limiting evaporation 12. Identified as an emerging issue and a challenge by the Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-2017.


d. Unreliable and erratic weather patterns;

e. Low farm gate prices for produce particularly maize and beans during the peak production period;

f. Poor markets for agricultural produce and limited market information;

g. Low adoption of technologies mainly due to high poverty levels and inadequate access to affordable credit;

h. Lack of defined structures and value chain organization in both horticulture and food crops;

i. Uncontrolled and unregulated use of agricultural land so that agricultural land is rapidly being converted into commercial and rental plots;

j. Land fragmentation to small and uneconomical commercial units;

k. Poor governance of farmer organizations.

l. Poor quality seeds; 13

m. Limited access to finance;

n. Lack of technical know-how;

o. Lack of storage facilities e.g. coolers, potato storage facilities etc; Limited extension services;

p. Poor agronomic practices among SHFs;

Investment opportunities in agriculture

• Value addition in sweet potatoes (making of sweet potato crisps, flour, vines).

• Stocking of drip kits.

• Maize and wheat flour milling and packaging.

• Beef and beef products canning and packaging.

• Dairy products (cheese, milk, yogurt) production and packaging

• Horticulture farming (flowers, fruits and vegetables)

• Development of storage facilities.

• Fish production and fingerling multiplication.

• Fish feed stocking.

• Fish cold storage facility.

13. Identified as an emerging issue and a challenge by the Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-2017


Livestock sector 14

Livestock farming and production constitutes a major economic activity for Laikipia County. The county is dominantly a pasture land with over 43 ranches. These ranches occupy over 50 per cent of the total land area in the county. There are 30 ranches owned by companies and individuals and 13 owned by the community as group ranches. The private ranches practice wildlife conservancy and beef cattle rearing. The average size of the ranches is 10,000 acres. The group ranches are mainly in the northern part occupying about 72,544 hectares. The livestock sector in Laikipia County has an estimated daily value chain in excess of Kshs. 70,000,000/-.

However, the livestock sector in Laikipia County faces numerous challenges which have threatened the growth of the county. These include; pests and diseases and inadequate control15 ; Livestock overstocking beyond the available land’s carrying capacity leading to land degradation; Limited land for farming and grazing; Insecurity and cattle rustling; Poor mechanisms in valuation of livestock and their products; Exploitation by brokers; Resource use conflicts especially for pasture and water; Lack of effective early warning systems; Under-utilization of indigenous knowledge in livestock management; and the high cost of livestock production and farm inputs.

Investment opportunities in livestock

• Hide, skin and leather industries.• Meat processing and canning.• Glue making.• Manure packaging.• Processing of camel and dairy goat milk• Honey processing• Stocking of agrovets.• Investment in improved breeding materials for livestock and poultry.• Investment in Abattoir.• Development of disease free zones.• Fodder production and conservation.• Poultry farming. • Animal feeds and minerals.

14. See Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.15. Identified as an emerging issue and a challenge by the Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-2017.


Agribusiness Sector

The Agriculture sector in Laikipia County presents a huge potential for the growth of agribusiness sector. Opportunities exists for value addition to the agricultural products including beef, milk, wheat, maize, beans, potatoes, millet, sorghum, sunflower, black beans (dolichos), tomatoes, french beans, aloe, chillies, honey and water melons.

However, this sector faces numerous challenges including; the lack of infrastructure (processing/cooling/transportation) especially for the dairy and beef products which often leads to huge wastage; the High cost of farm inputs has made farmers shy away from growing some crops; the lack of affordable credit to farmers to enable them farm in large scale for high returns; Unreliable water allocation especially for vegetables farmers; Low uptake of modern farming technologies by farmers leading to the low quantity and quality of farm produce; the lack of storage and collection centers leading to farmers selling their farm produce at the same price at low prices due to oversupply; low levels of education and the absence of relevant skills in the farming community to facilitate agribusiness; the high levels of poverty in the county with farmers engaging in pastoral and subsistence farming only.

Investment opportunities in agribusiness sector

• Setting up factories to engage in value addition of agricultural produce (beef, fish, milk, wheat, maize, vegetables, fruits, potatoes, flowers, dairy) from the county and branding for export to various nontraditional regional and global destination including the EAC region.

• Fish canning.

• Setting up industries to engage in value addition for hides, skins, hooves etc

• Setting up training institutions and consultancies to impact skills on value chain and value addition and marketing.

• Manufacture of packaging materials.

“Value addition is the way to go to make agriculture profitable…..”

One Village One Product, a project supported by JICA that focuses and supports value addition activities at the grass root level in Kenya.


Infrastructure 16

The importance of good infrastructure in the county’s growth agenda cannot be gainsaid. Infrastructure in the form of transport, communication, energy and water supply is essential in actualization of any development plan. In fact, Vision 2030 requires that infrastructure projects to focus on enhancing accessibility, quality, functionality, job creation, disaster preparedness and protection of the environment.

Laikipia County is accessible by road and air. And can be accessed along Nairobi-Isiolo-Marsabit, Nakuru-Nyeri and Nairobi-Maralal highways. The railway network in the county covers 23 kilometres serving Nanyuki Town and a small stretch of about 2 Kilometres in Nyahururu Town. Air transport is available in various ranches and wildlife sanctuaries where tourists use chartered aircrafts to visit the sites. There are five airstrips across the county, majority of which are managed by the private ranching community, which facilitate movement of tourists within the county.

The county has a total classified road network of 1,038.1 Km. The bitumen surface stands at 139.3 kilometers while the gravel surface stands at 296.9 Kilometers and the earth surface at 601.9 Kilometers.17 However, Laikipia County faces serious infrastructural challenges. On the overall, the physical infrastructure in this county including roads, power supply, water supply, and sewerage and drainage systems is under developed and poorly maintained. Specifically, Solio Ranch is impassable, the Nanyuki- Rumuruti route is in a deplorable condition while the road network in the entire Nanyuki Town is full of pot holes.

Vision 2030 notes that efficient, accessible and reliable infrastructure is an enabler for sustained economic growth, development and poverty reduction. It lowers the cost of doing business; improves security; improves livelihoods and the country’s global competitiveness.

16. Identified as a Foundation for National Transformation by Vision 2030 as well as the Vision’s Second Medium Term Plan 2013-2017.

17. See Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014. The percentage of paved roads is 6.3% relative to 9.4% in the whole country.


The rural feeder roads network is impassable especially during the rainy season to the detriment of the agricultural sector due to high cost of transportation of inputs and produce. Market access becomes difficult both for livestock’s and crops. Electricity and water supply continue to pose major challenges to the business community within Laikipia County. Access to social and physical infrastructure in the county is modest. 18

Further, urban areas in the county are not zoned or planned. Urban areas have poorly maintained bus terminus and matatu parks, for example Nanyuki stages 1 and 2, which have also witnessed unprecedented growth of taxi operators and motor vehicle garages, which are largely unregulated.

The county has also witnessed rapid growth in unplanned markets, with shopping centers mushrooming everywhere.

Further, when undertaking infrastructural developments within the county, there is inadequate enforcement of safety and health regulations to the detriment of residents. Also, most land owners who have been displaced by these infrastructural developments experience delay in compensation from the government.

Investment opportunities in infrastructure sector

Opportunities exist for Laikipia County to partner with the private sector in:

• The development and maintenance of key infrastructure in the county including rural and urban roads.

• Power generation, connectivity and supply.

• Environmental conservation technologies.

• Water supply infrastructure water supply and sewerage systems.

• Establishing a technical institute to train the youth in auto and motor mechanical and structural skills.

“Infrastructure is an effective factor of production. Poor quality infrastructure can drive up cost of doing business and constrain economic growth…”

The World Bank

18. 62.7% of residents have access to improved water, while access to improved sanitation stands at 88.6%. The number of households connected to electricity as of 2009 is 17.7% compared to 22.7% at the national level.


Energy Sector 19

In Laikipia County, the national power grid serves 22 centres and is yet to reach 33 centres. The households using electricity for lighting constitute 18 per cent of the total households. The Umeme Pamoja initiative has helped upscale access for the rural households. There are 39 health facilities and 50 secondary schools connected to electricity. The county has several institutions supported by the photovoltaic programme.

Being a semi-arid county, reliable sunshine throughout the year provides unexploited natural resource for solar energy. Commercial wind electricity can also be generated with proper assessment along the escarpments towards the Rift Valley floor.

However, the prosperity of Laikipia County is threatened by unreliable and costly energy.

Investment opportunities

• Opportunities in production of Jetropha carcus, croton megalocarpus (Mukinduri), castor oil and sweet sorghum exist for production of bio-fuel.

• Generation of commercial wind energy.

• Stocking and installation of windvanes and solar panels.

Tourism 20

Tourism forms one of the key sectors of development for Laikipai County, and Kenya as whole. In fact, Vision 2030 identifies tourism as being one of the six sectors that will drive Kenya towards the achievement of its Economic Pillar.

Laikipia County is touted as one of Africa’s most exhilarating wilderness safari and wildlife tourism destinations due to its combination of abundant wildlife, stunning scenery and extraordinary cultural diversity in a setting dominated by the iconic backdrop of Mount Kenya.21 This county is home to unforgettable tourist attractions, making tourism a leading revenue earner for the county, and it has close proximity to Isiolo, one of proposed Resort City under Vision 2030.

19. Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.20. Vision 2030 Second Medium Term plan 2013-2017 seeks to promote the country “To be a top 10 long haul tourist

destination offering a high-end, diverse, and distinctive visitor experience.” 21. Laikipia has been suggested as one of the six favorite tourist destinations in Africa and 19 among the 52

destinations globally (New Yorks Times, 28th January 2014)


Key attractions in Laikipia County include the popular Mount Kenya National Park, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and Thomson’s falls, a 70 meters scenic waterfall on the Ewaso Narok River, which drains from the Aberdare Mountain Range. The county has close proximity to other attractions including Samburu National Reserve, Buffalo Hills National Reserve and Shaba National Reserve. Eco tourism is fast developing in the county.

The opportunities presented by wildlife and the geographical position of Laikipia County are unrivalled. The county has the highest number of wildlife outside the national parks in the country. The county receives over 86,000 visitors (tourists) annually. However, poor marketing strategies, insecurity and poor road infrastructure contributes to the inaccessibility and slow development of tourism in this county. Eco tourism, a major potential for the county’s tourism has been adversely affected by poor natural resource management systems, environmental degradation and inadequate knowledge by local communities due to lack of sensitization.

Further, cultural tourism is threatened by foreigners who are out to exploit local communities through illegal use of intellectual property rights and other unfair practices. This happens primarily due to the ignorance of the local communities of the potential of their resources. Other challenges to the tourism sector are posed by low investment in hotels and other accommodation facilities leading to limited bed capacities in the available facilities, and inadequate trained professionals in the industry. The county has 43 active tourism facilities and 1230 beds. 22

Other challenges facing tourism sector include lack of diversification of tourism products, lack of incentives for local domestic tourism and lack of comprehensive inventory of all tourism opportunities in Laikipia County. There is also inadequate management of habitats and ecosystems, a situation which is compounded by little or no involvement of communities in tourism development in the county. With the ever increasing value in land and lucrative real estate, the tourism sector has suffered due to land grabbing and conversion of tourism sites by private developers, human settlement and residential developments on wildlife corridors. Furthermore, local communities lack adequate awareness of tourism and its benefits to them. Development of the tourism sector is also threatened the absence of a comprehensive benefit-sharing mechanism from wildlife-related goods and services and the unstructured and delayed compensation schemes for land owners.

In addition to the above, tourism potential of Laikipia County is threatened by insecurity especially in the recent wake of terrorist attacks, animal human conflict for scarce resources and tribal conflicts.

22. See Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.


Investment opportunities in the tourism sector

• To take advantage of the scenic beauty of the county, invest in golf courses, premier resorts and conference facilities.

• In a county where tourism facilities are strained, with demand outweighing supply, opportunities exist for investment in resorts, lodges, parks, camps and motels.

• To market Laikipia County to the world, while capitalizing on its fame as the home to Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Ranges, organize an annual Mount Kenya Climbing Competition which would be an attraction for both local and international climbers.

• Investment in unique eco tourism lodges, homestays and similar products.

• Development of sports training camps to foster sports tourism.

• Entertainment tourism(music, film, amusement parks, casinos, clubs and theatres)

• Artifacts making and marketing

• Health tourism (Spa, gym, naturopathy, yoga and meditation)

• Elephant view points

Environmental Conservation

At the national level, Vision 2030 highlights the important function played by the environment in underpinning development. It is cognizant that achieving Vision 2030 depends on maintaining the natural systems that support agriculture, energy supplies, livelihood strategies, and tourism.

As such, Vision 2030 Second Medium Term Plan 2013-2017 provides that through its flagship project on forest conservation and management, ecosystem and participatory forest management plans will be prepared to support sustainable forest management. Bamboo, commercial forestry and other nature based enterprises will be promoted for poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability. This program is to be implemented both on farmlands and dry-lands in collaboration with Community Forest Associations (CFA).

Laikipia County has gazetted forests totaling 580 square kilometers, divided into both indigenous and plantation forests. In addition, residents of the county also practice forestry as evidenced by huge tracts of artificially planted forests.

Kenya aims to be a nation living in a clean, secure and sustainable environment by 2030. …. and to increase forest cover from less than 3% at present to 4%


However, the high demand for wood for a myriad of purposes poses a challenge in the county, where economic needs ought to be balanced with the desire to maintain high levels of forest cover in the county. Other challenges affecting forestation and conservation include: Dwindling forest cover due to poor management and unsustainable utilization; Inappropriate valuation of ecosystem goods and services; Inadequate measures to control and efficiently control forest fires; Lack of zoning and gazettement of community forests; Increased charcoal burning; Inadequate mapping and forest boundaries establishment; Inadequate community participation in forest management; Ineffective benefit sharing mechanisms for benefits accrued from forest management; and, Land grabbing and forest land conversions.

Further, air and water pollution, protection of natural resources, wildlife and endangered species and waste management including collection and disposal continue to pose a great challenge to the environment sector of Laikipia County. This is compounded by lack of enforcement of environmental regulations, absence of designated dump sites, lack of coordinated and adequate collection mechanisms, absence of sewerage and waste management systems and policies, and a general lack of discipline and awareness among the general public, including visitors.

Investment opportunities in environmental sector

• Establishment of tree nurseries.

• Propagation of medicinal herbs.

• The proliferation of unmanaged waste in the county, especially in the urban areas, present opportunities for investors to set up waste management plants.

• Agricultural waste also portends potential for investment in a bio fuel generation plant to reduce the demand for firewood and charcoal.

• Training consultancy on environmental conservation and sustainability strategies.

• Investment by private sector in alternative and renewable sources of energy to reduce the demand for firewood and charcoal.

Vision 2030 recognizes that “…………most sectors including agriculture and manufacturing can only do well in a healthy environment. At a national level, Kenya continues to face challenges in relation to sustainable management of natural resources and the ever growing demand for farmland and forest products.”


Water Sector

Laikipia County is a semi arid area. The main source of water in the county is the Ewaso Nyiro North basin and its tributaries originating from the slopes of the Aberdares and Mt. Kenya. The tributaries include Nanyuki, Timau, Rongai, Burguret, Segera, Naromoru, Engare, Moyak, Ewaso Narok, Pesi and Ngobit Rivers. As they as are the main source of water for human and livestock consumption and farming activities, these rivers have for a long time determined the settlement patterns in Laikipia County.

However, availability of clean water for human and animal consumption continues to pose a major challenge to residents of Laikipia Cunty. Water remains a scarce product in this county as the streams are distant from the homesteads, with some rivers being situated in private properties. Most homesteads in Laikipia County have no access to clean piped water. Also, dams are heavily sedimented as a result of soil erosion arising from inappropriate farming practices. These factors continue to render the available water in the county unsafe for human consumption, and sedimentation has contributed to reduction of the volume of water available for farming and animal consumption in the county. Further, Laikipia County, like most parts of Kenya, continue to experience frequent droughts due to climate change, resulting in frequent crop failures and decimation of the livestock herd.

Investment opportunities in water sector

To entrepreneurs, the above challenges present opportunities to invest in water harvesting technologies and treatment plants, sinking and rehabilitation of boreholes, construction of dams and gullies, and educating farmers on modern farming methods to curb soil erosion.

Land Use and Physical planning

Laikipia County, though historically an agricultural county, has traditionally experienced poor land use patterns, declining soil fertility, human wildlife conflict, squatters, unsustainable way of life such migrations in search for pastures, poor management of sand harvesting and environmental degradation.

In the recent years, Laikipia County has morphed into a tourist destination, with private ranches, premier hotels and choice real estate developments contributing to the increased economic activities in the existing urban and peri urban centers. This has seen prices of land in Laikipia County reaching unprecedented levels. However, this growth has not been accompanied by requisite urban and physical planning of towns, ecological areas and other upcoming developments and sub divisions.


Most land owners in Laikipia County do not possess legal ownership documents to their parcels of land. As such, most residents in this county continue to experience challenges accessing formal loans from financial institutions. Similarly, residents are also unable to develop permanent residential houses or commercial buildings on their properties as they cannot access bank loans due to lack of collateral. However, despite lack of ownership documents, residents continue to sub-divide and sell chunks of their land to speculators.

Poor urban and town planning and unmanaged subdivisions of agricultural lands and ecological zones pose challenges to land management in Laikipia County. Further, land grabbing of community land and change of user of land in Laikipia County continues to pose challenges to effective zoning, the ecosystem management and environmental conservation.

Investment opportunities in Land Use and Physical Planning

• Urban planners, surveyors, environmental scientist and construction professionals will also have opportunities to offer the much needed professional services in planning, enhancing the tourism potential of the county while ensuring environmental sustainability.

• Developers have opportunities to enter into PPP with the county government to develop tourism destinations in conservatories.

• Due to the increasing urban population, opportunities exist to develop decent low grade houses for the urban poor, medium and high grade for the middle and upper classes.

Education Sector

Laikipia County is endowed with a sizeable population of school going children. Both the government and private sector are major players in providing early childhood, primary and secondary education. The County has 518 ECDE centres, 340 primary schools of which 265 are public across the county. Laikipia County has 96 secondary schools of which 70 are public. There are five operational youth polytechnics in the county. The county hosts one University namely Laikipia University and 4 University campuses namely Laikipia University College Town Campus in Nyahururu, Kenya Methodist University in Nanyuki and Kenyatta University and Karatina University Campuses in Nanyuki. The middle level colleges include Kenya Institute of Management, St Anne Catholic College, Nanyuki Institute of Communication, Accountancy and Technology (NICAT) and Nanyuki Commercial College. 23

23. Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014.


The literacy levels stands at 86.1% for population of 15 years and above. However, the transition rate from primary to secondary school is low. Some of the factors that account for this situation include the nomadic life of the pastrol communities living in this county, lack of school fees and poor academic performance among students. Although the government institutions offer Free Primary Education (FPE) and Free Secondary Education (FSE) which have helped to ease the burden of fees, quality of education is affected by low staffing, poor facilities, high poverty levels, poor management in schools, and high dropout rates. These issues ultimately contribute to the poor quality of education, leading to a preference for private schools by most parents. It is the general view among the residents of Laikipia County, as is of most Kenyans, that private schools offer better quality of education as they have better facilities which are often lacking in public schools.

Laikipia County also lacks sufficient number of institutions of higher learning to accommodate the students graduating from secondary schools and to meet the ever evolving needs of potential industries and businesses in the county. The county also lacks sufficient relevant technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions focusing on inculcating skills that are relevant to the county’s specific needs in the development of agriculture, livestock and dairy farming, mining, value chain and value addition and tourism.

Opportunities in education sector

• Investment in building and fully equipping secondary schools to accommodate the increasing graduates from primary schools in the County and the neighboring counties.

• PPP with county government in establishing universities, TVET institutions & specialization centers, developing curricula and impacting practical knowledge to students in such colleges/centers.

• Building accommodation hostels for university and college students.

Health Sector

Health is an essential part of any community which intends to attain economic growth. Laikipia County has two level 3 hospitals, 56 dispensaries, eight health centres, nine medical clinics and two nursing homes.

However, most hospitals and medical facilities in Laikipia County have dilapidated medical facilities with inadequate staff and outdated equipment. This consequently increases the cost of medical care making health care inaccessible by the residents.

“Education and training have long been recognized as key drivers of social and economic development.” - ILO


Other key challenges affecting the health sector in this county include lengthy processes for issuance of health certificates for workers, lack of ambulances to serve the whole County, low doctor to patient ratio and inaccessibility by road of the few facilities available.

Investment opportunities in health sector

• Setting up private medical facilities including diagnostic centers, hospices and nursing homes.

• Investing in specialized medical centers.

• Investing in a medical school with a research focus on animal and human related infections under a PPP with the county government.

Youth, Employment and Social Sector

Laikipia County, with a high youth and expatriate population, valuable environmental resources and fertile land coupled with proximity to key infrastructure and international facilities to serve its budding industrial sector, is faced with numerous social related problems. These ranges from drug and alcohol abuse, increasing rates of HIV and AIDS infection, high levels of school dropouts and high rates of unemployment resulting into poverty and widespread crime. The county is losing productive workforce to drug and substance abuse and HIV/ AIDS related and genital mutilation deaths, thus negatively impacting economic growth and welfare of Laikipia County.

There is also a general lack of social support systems to help the youth grow into responsible and productive adults, while the old people who are economically unproductive are neglected.

Investment opportunities youth and social sector

• Establishing youth camps, county sports competition and youth training camps to reduce idleness, and rehabilitating existing sports facilities in the county.

• Establishing business and ICT training centers.

• Establishing of adult home care centers and group homes for the elderly.

Youth unemployment, poverty and vulnerability to climate change remain the most critical development challenges facing Kenya. There are concerns in critical areas, including food security, governance and corruption.-

The World Bank, Kenya Economic Overview, May 2013


• Establishing medical care and rescue centers for girls threatened with female genital mutilation.

• Setting up drug rehabilitation and counseling centers.

Security and Ethnic Diversity

Laikipia County boasts of diversity and multiculturalism with many ethnic communities calling this their county home. Ethnic diversity brings with it the advantage of learning about different cultures and how cultures relate. However, ethnic diversity in Laikipia County has been a recipe for insecurity due to ethnic conflicts especially fighting for pasture and grazing land.

In addition to ethnic conflicts, the county experiences other elements of insecurity which are more prevalent in urban areas due to high unemployment and school dropout rates by the youth, lack of lighting, corruption by enforcement officers, low morale on the part of law enforcement officers and lack of coordinated efforts in all sectors responsible for enhancing security. There is need to beef up security by providing police patrols, improved community policing and installing security cameras at strategic points of the county particularly in the tourist sites.

Vision 2030 notes the need for acknowledgment of the ethnic diversity of Kenyans in pursuit of economic, social and political aspirations. Kenya will be a state in which equality is entrenched, irrespective of one’s race, ethnicity, religion, gender or socio-economic status; a nation that not only respects but also harnesses the diversity of its peoples’ values, traditions and aspirations for the benefit of all. The Vision aims to move all Kenyans to the future as one nation …. “free from danger and fear.”


PART III

PROPOSALS ON WAY FORWARD IN EACH SECTOR

Agriculture

• County government to facilitate farmers to access subsidized fertilizers, while training them on farmyard manure and compost making. Also, the county government should facilitate linkages between input suppliers and farmers as this will help lower the cost of inputs and farmers are able to bargain for fairer prices for farm inputs.24

• Ensure availability of subsidized fertilizers by the government to reduce to cost of farming while at the same time improving productivity which is in line with the Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-2017 which proposes the introduction of a Fertilizer Cost Reduction Project.

• The county government should explore ways of linking farmers to financial institutions offering affordable credit facilities and mobilization of local resources, while sensitizing and encourage small scale farmers to form cooperative societies to take advantage of credit facilities offered by some financiers.

• In line with Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-2017, use information portals to disseminate extension information 25, while developing innovative ways of employing extension officers in the county.

• Encourage formation of marketing groups and linkages to the markets.

• Work with service providers such as CGA to provide extension and mechanization services to SHFs in collaboration with Kenya Network for Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies (KENDAT).

• Encourage farmers to adopt modern farming technologies and engage in value addition ventures to diversify their products so as to reap the full benefits.

• Introduce machinery and equipments for agro processing packaging and production. This will motivate the youth to perceive the agricultural industry positively and turn farming in Laikipia County to semi-mechanized from manual operation.

• Sensitize farmers on conservational agriculture practices including zero grazing and green houses.

24. Flagship project under the Vision 2030 Second Term Medium Plan 2013-201725. For example through the CGA Cereal Mart platform to increase their capacity and improve their farming skills for

better yields.


• Work with other stakeholders including NGOs to train farmers on good agronomic practices through crop and animal demos, and hold field days to train farmers on the best farming practices26.

• Work with research institutions including KARI to conduct studies and encourage farmers to produce crops suited for their specific location, and train farmers on crop diversification.

• Conduct soil testing awareness and link farmers to soil testing service providers.

• In partnership with the private investors, develop holding grounds for livestock for use by farmers and traders to fatten animals and slaughter houses nearby.

• Encourage investors to put up a tannery factory to make use of the numerous volumes of hides and skins.

• The county government should encourage and facilitate the formation of structured and formal youth banks in the county which will enable the youth to access credit.

• Develop training programs for youth on entrepreneurial skills in agriculture so as to motivate youth investment in emerging technologies and cottage industries.

• Legal and land policy reforms in the county to discourage rapid urbanization in rural areas and further agricultural land fragmentation.

• The count government should develop a program to train the community on importance of public land and rights.

• Promote water harvesting structures e.g. water pans.

• Promote water efficient technology e.g. drip, hydro gel and conservation agriculture.

• Start irrigation project.

• County government should develop programs to train stakeholders on improved governance of farmer organization.

Second Medium Term Plan 2013 -2017 identifies agribusiness development among the youth as a strategy to achieve youth employment and sustainable livelihood

26. Agricultural efficiency is at the core of the three agriculture acts published in January 2013. These acts are: The Agriculture, Fish and Food Authority act, 2012; The Crops Development act 2012; and the Agricultural and livestock Research act, 2012.


Agribusiness

• Capitalize on livestock farming and agricultural sector as key sources of revenue, and encourage and farmers to adopt modern farming technologies and engage in value addition ventures to diversify their products so as to reap the full benefits. Value addition ought to be done within the county instead of selling raw beef, potatoes, maize, vegetables and other agricultural produce to other counties or countries.

• The county government should put in place policies that foster healthy or potentially healthy industries, especially those involved in value addition through agri-processing within the county.

• Demarcate land and invest in the development of industrial parks and industrial research centers, and the requisite physical infrastructure for such zones, with adequate budget being allocated to ensure establishment of the zones under PPPs.27

• Reduce the cost of setting up industries through reducing the charges and ensuring that the process of licensing is less cumbersome. In the short term, it is important for the county government to revive or promote collapsed factories.

• Reduce the number of levies and charges imposed on the final products by the county government. These levies exist in form of taxes on import and packaging materials which are used by the value addition factories. Further, there is need to reduce the VAT on locally sold beef, dairy and vegetable products.

• Improve critical infrastructure including main roads, rural access roads and rural electrification in villages to spur small and medium industrial development. This will improve the dilapidated roads network in the county to facilitate the transport of mostly beef, dairy and agricultural products, which are perishable in nature, from the farms to the cities/towns. The county should also explore options of establishing cooling storage infrastructure in the county for beef, milk, potatoes and fruits to ensure profits for farmers.

‘Kenya is promoting the development of Special Economic Zones, Industrial Parks, Industrial Clusters, promotion of small and medium scale manufacturing firms, development of niche products, commercialization of research and development results.” - Keninvest

27. Development of industrial and manufacturing zones, Vision 2030 Manufacturing Sector (flagship projects and key initiatives).


• Collaborate with key private sector players e.g. Safaricom and Orange to ensure reliable internet access to county citizens and businesses, and encourage use of available marketing softwares for agricultural products.

• Focus resources towards the development of niche product28 and raising productive efficiencies of local firms through facilitating comprehensive training and research & development investments and industrial restructuring.

• Set aside adequate budget for export financing for upcoming export enterprises, especially SMEs. However, the county government ought to support factories especially in the beef and vegetables sector against middle men

• There is need to create for awareness among the county’s residents especially the youth on the benefits of export business and how utilization of Nyeri Nanyuki Road leading to Thika Super Highway and Nyahururu Nakuru Roadcan grow the agri business export sector.

• Enhance zoning for businesses and industries in urban areas within the county.

Tourism

• The county government should put in place a tourism development policy and strategy with a clear focus on promotion of cultural tourism. The county is inhabited by different tribes with different cultures presenting a diversity which could prove beneficial if utilized positively. Kikuyus and Maasai constitute the largest communities in terms of numbers in the county.

• Collaborate with sector players to facilitate the development of diversified tourism products and marketing of new products including agricultural tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, home stays, local tourism entrepreneurship and sports tourism.

• Develop strategies to ensure that locals of Laikipia County reap visible benefits from the environmental and tourism potential of the county by ensuring that expatriates and other investors in the county do not exploit the local heritage and intellectual property of the residents without due authority and adequate compensation.

• Promotion of safety and security for tourists in the county with the county government ensuring the deployment of tourism police and regular police patrols in the county to ensure safety of visitors in the county, especially in the mushrooming urban centers.

28. Vision 2030 Manufacturing sector (Goals for 2012).

The Second Medium Term Plan 2013-2017 of Vision 2030 identifies development of Niche Products and Programs as a way of diversifying the tourist attractions in the country…..


• The county government should improve rural access and collaborate with other counties to lobby the national authorities in charge of inter county roads to develop county link roads to facilitate access of new tourism destinations to encourage more tourists to visit.

• In collaboration with Keninvest and Kenya Tourism Board, educate the people of Laikipia County to embrace tourism as a source of livelihoods. For example encourage the communities to transform their homes for home stays so as to accommodate tourists and get to experience the ways of living of the people.

• As an incentive to investors, provide land to investors at subsidized rates and zero land taxes to attract investment in the hospitality industry and private conservation initiatives.

• Engage and lobby for local tourists as this resonates with the recent drive by the national government to promote local tourism in the wake of travel advisories precipitated by the increased terrorism activities in the country29. For instance, the slowdown in tourist arrivals in 2012 and 2013 has been attributed to global economic slowdown especially in the Euro Area and negative publicity related to security along the Kenyan coast30. The County government should therefore encourage and put in place mechanisms, such as low county taxes, to enable tourist agents and the county government to come up with comprehensive and attractive packages for both local and foreign tourists.

• Within one year, the county government should ensure proper physical planning to demarcate reserved wildlife areas and human settlements areas, with collaboration with KWS, so as to resolve the human wildlife conflict which has negatively affected the sector in the county. Further, the county should also develop rapid response mechanism to human-wildlife conflicts situations.

• In collaboration of key stakeholders, ensure rehabilitation, improvement and protection of existing tourist sites e.g. elephant maternity area, the only in Kenya, and involvement of the local community in the promotion of these measures.

• Appointment of tourist ambassadors and champions to promote Laikipia County as a tourist destination and ensure communities and all players in the tourism sector benefit from money collected as charges and levies.

• Collaborate with regulators in the enforcement of the Environmental Management and Conservation Act and other relevant legislations on tourism development and management and promote development of eco-tourism.

29. Vision 2030 Second Medium Term plan 2013-2017 seeks to increase bed-nights by domestic tourists from 2.8 million in 2012 to 4 million.

30. Vision 2030 Second Medium Term plan 2013-2017.


• In collaboration with the private sector, explore possibilities of establishing heritage sites (museums) and promoting cultural sites within Laikipia County e.g. the holy site for the Maasai, so as to increase the number of attraction points and reserve the counties unique heritage.

• Streamline compensation schemes and ensure benefits accrued from tourism are shared fairly with the local communities.

• Promote conservation education and awareness among the local communities as this will help communities in Laikipia County appreciate the critical role played by tourism in economic growth and improvement of livelihoods.

• Showcase the county as a major tourist destination by undertaking advertising and promotional events in which all tourist attraction in the county are exhibited to tourism service providers and potential consumers.

Infrastructure

• The county government should collaborate with the Kenya Roads Board and other stakeholders at the national and regional level towards making roads in Laikipia County accessible and cost effective to all sectors and businesses.

• Roads funding from the national government should be used with participation from all stakeholder.

• In line with Vision 2030 Second Medium Term Plan flagship project of expansion of road network, invest in the infrastructure itself for both construction and maintenance.

• The county government should strictly follow laid down procurement and tendering procedures in awarding works to services providers to enhance quality of construction and maintenance especially of feeder and priority roads in the county.

• At the county level, establish a roads board with representation from all stakeholders. This board should be charged with ensuring quality workmanship on roads and other works of county projects.

• The county government should facilitate the establishment of cold storage facilities / ware houses for perishable produces. This can be achieved through a PPP.

• To take advantage of LAPSETT project, Nanyuki County, which is positioned midway of Lamu and Turkana, should position itself as an ideal site for a dry port.

In the Medium Term Plan 2013 - 2017 of Kenya Vision 2030, county roads programs involving construction, rehabilitation and routine maintenance of county roads have been identified as key flagship projects


• The county government should consult with, and sensitize all stakeholders before commencement of any major infrastructure project in the county.

• Further, the county should take advantage of its proximity to Isiolo airport and Isiolo mega dam should and exploit the potential for investments and business growth.

• The County should ensure integration and consideration of environmental concerns into all infrastructural projects, programs and activities undertaken in the county.

• As contemplated by the Constitution of Kenya, the county and national governments should ensure adequate and timely compensation to persons whose land is compulsorily acquired for infrastructure development.

• County government ought to develop a rehabilitation program for degraded land and biodiversity.

• The county government needs to develop modern, relevant and enforceable laws on infrastructure development.

• To ensure efficient energy supply to industries, the county government should work closely with Kenya Power to streamline service delivery especially the reduction of power outages. Further, the county government should encourage investments in bio-energy plants, and encourage the use of bio-energy.

• County government to introduce laws to govern taxi operation in Nanyuki town.

• County government of Laikipia has set aside funds to renovate Matatu/ Bus station.

• County government to establish TVET institutions to train county youth in mechanical and construction related courses.

Environment

• Within one year, the county government in consultation with key stakeholders should develop an Environment Conservation Strategy focused on encouraging and facilitating the increase of forest cover in Laikipia County as envisaged by Vision 2030 towards making Kenya achieve 10 % forest cover.

• Promote extensive tree planting and rehabilitation of degraded areas to increase the percentage of forest cover in the county with immediate effect.

• Within one year, the county government should adopt economic incentives for management of forest which will help reduce the unmanaged deforestation.


• In line with Vision 2030 Second medium Plan flagship project of forest research and management31, partner with the private sector to encourage research on efficient technologies in charcoal production to reduce the volume of wood used as cooking energy by residents, and in the long-run reduce the rate of deforestation.

• Within one year, and with collaboration with Ministry of Environment and key stakeholders, the county government should develop capacities at community level for forest fire management and control. This can be achieved through intensive civic education and training programs on forests conservation and management.

• In collaboration with existing regulators including KFS and NEMA, enforce existing forest and biodiversity related legislations to reduce instances of unregulated deforestation.

• in line with the Vision 2030 Second Medium Plan flagship project of Rehabilitation and Protection of Water Towers like forests, immediately engage in aggressive aforestation and reforestation campaigns which will see more and more residents embrace the aforestation idea and plant more trees

• Encourage investment by private sector in alternative and renewable sources of energy to reduce pressure on forests, and consequently, relieve the huge burden for the demand of wood as fuel in the county.

• County government to come up with policies concerning energy and regulation of toxic substances including pesticides and industrial waste.

Water

• Within three years, the county needs to explore all available technologies for water harvesting to make Laikipia County self-sufficient, with affordable and reliable water supply for all its residents. This will be beneficial to all sectors that are key in enabling the county’s economic development. Further, affordable

Key activities under MTP 2013-2017 include conducting research to develop intervention measures for causes of forest degradation, providing forestry related base line data and establishing a monitoring system on forests and aspects of climate change. In addition, identification and improvement of tree species for various uses and services, development and demonstration of forestry technologies and new products;, and generation and dissemination of knowledge and technologies will be undertaken.

31. Conduct research to develop intervention measures for causes of forest degradation, provide forestry related base line data, establish a monitoring system on forests and aspects of climate change. In addition, identification and improvement of tree species for various uses and services, development and demonstration of forestry technologies and new products; generation and dissemination of knowledge and technologies will be undertaken.


and reliable water supply will attract investors to the County, thus making it competitive.

• Within two years, the county administration should explore other policy strategies to facilitate the harvesting of rain water e.g. borrow a leaf from Spain’s policy where every building must have gutters, and construction of dams.

• Further, and within two years, the county government should develop policies that will ensure recycling of water used for domestic, commercial and agricultural /livestock purposes to reduce wastage by farmers. Public awareness will also be an important component of all these efforts as well as legislations regulating water use and maintenance in the County.

• Laikipia County, in collaboration with neighboring counties and other stakeholders, should conserve the existing water catchment areas with immediate effect.

• To ensure quality of water supplied for domestic purposes, the county government should, within one year, create a water treatment system for water supplied for domestic use, and have in place an enforceable regulatory framework in respect of water treatment.

• Within three years, the county government in collaboration with WRMA, RVAS and the ministry in charge of irrigation should ensure development of water supply infrustructure including piping of water from boreholes to various settlement schemes.

• The county government, in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, tourism agencies and agricultural research institutions should promote sustainable land use policies including zero grazing, terracing, dams, etc which will aid in water storage, reduce water pollution and land degradation. This should be an immediate action.

• County government ought to encourage farmers in lowland areas to close up gullies and plant trees as this will act as catchment areas.

• Within two years, there is need for the county government to engage experts to develop solutions to enhance ecological and natural resources management, and avert challenges resulting from other development projects, agricultural and tourism activities in the county, which ultimately affect the quality of water.


Land Use and Physical Planning

• Within two years, the county government should initiate investigations on alleged cases of land grabbing, and where confirmed, institute court action and repossession proceedings.

• Within two years, the administration needs to revise the prevailing land rates and charges to make them affordable to the business community. In the meantime, it is important for the county government to consider waiving accrued penalties on unpaid property taxes in the county as an incentive to the business people.

• Within two years, county government to develop necessary infrastructure in the county including roads and information communication technology.

• Within two years, the county government to zone the county and define residential areas, ecological zones, urban and commercial areas, agricultural areas ,open spaces and public parks. Further, the county should review the physical planning systems currently in place, and engage qualified physical planners so as to curb the unnecessary land subdivisions, change of land use and environmental degradation.

• Laikipia County should consider having four major towns:- Rumuruti as administrative headquarters of the county, Lonyeki as the dry port town , Nyahururu as the center of education, while Nanyuki remains the tourism and entertainment center.

• The county government in collaboration of key stakeholders including CETRAD should encourage small scale farmers to form cooperatives and to use sustainable farming methods including zero grazing, greenhouses, etc

• Within two years, the county government in collaboration with CETRAD and other stakeholders should develop training programs to educate the communities on land management and planning initiatives in the county.

Education, Youth and Social Sector

• To reduce unemployment and increase entrepreneurship among the youth, develop county legislation to enshrine financial assistance by the county to the youth to facilitate business start ups.

• In collaboration with the private sector, especially financial institutions, conduct entrepreneurship and financial trainings for young people in the county.

• Develop county legislation to ensure that, at the minimum, 30% of tenders for county procurement are awarded to the youth and women.

• To raise the levels of involvement of parents in governance of schools and the


quality of education offered to their children and increase transition rates at all levels of education, Laikipia County government should commence initiatives including conducting civic education and holding county hall meetings with parents to enlighten them on the importance of education, encourage more enrolment and transition in all levels of education by the residents of the county and deliberate on related concerns. The county should use the administrative personnel to carry out a door-to-door inspection to ensure all children are in school. County representatives can be tasked with the role of ensuring that all children under their ward attend school.

• Allocate a sufficient budget line to improve and expand the existing educational facilities, and establish mobile schools in the county so as to provide adequate infrastructure to accommodate all learners at all levels and situations.

• Strengthen vocational training to ensure that graduates are equipped with skills that are relevant to the market and industrial needs. This can be achieved through entering into PPPs with industry players towards the establishment of TVET institutions and specialization centers in the county, including an entrepreneurship academy to boost entrepreneurship skills and financial literacy. The county government will need to provide incentives and waivers investors including facilitating access to affordable land for expansion of universities, colleges and specialization centers, and waiving land rates for such land.

• Seek partnerships with the private sector, FBOs and development agencies to construct quality public primary, secondary and mobile schools to enhance the access to basic education in the county to all residents. Vision 2030 provides for the need to raise the transition numbers from primary school education to other levels of education.

• In collaboration with the Ministry of Education, strengthen the inspections of educational facilities and curricula at all levels to ensure and uphold quality.

• Establishing youth camps, county sports competition and youth training camps to reduce idleness, and rehabilitating existing sports facilities.

• Partner with the private sector to develop practical internship programs.

People may be said to resemble not the bricks of which a house is built, but the pieces of a picture puzzle, each differing in shape, but matching the rest, and thus bringing out the picture.

-Felix Adler


Security and Ethnic Diversity

• Creation of youth employment, to reduce poverty, idling and abuse of alcohol in the county.

• Encourage modern ways of farming to reduce pastoralist lifestyle and land conflicts.

• Establish rapid response units within the county.

• Establish an effective County Security Service in coordination with the national government.

• Provide improved surveillance through technology such as CCTV cameras in all urban areas, tourist attraction sites and forests.

• Enhance the existing security systems in the county to ensure effectiveness and performance e.g. through performance contracting.

• Continue peace building efforts in the county and emphasize on the beauty of celebrating ethnic diversity.

• Lobby the national government to hasten the settlement of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in the county.

Taxes & Business Regulation

Recent efforts by the Laikipia County Government to put in place laws that introduce new levies/charges/fees/rates in the county pose a challenge to the business community. This is compounded by the exclusion of the business community in the decision making process in the county, especially the development of regulations and laws introducing new levies on land without prior consultations. It is proposed that going forward:

• In line with Vision 2030, the county should relook at its taxes as well as establishing a one stop shop for business licensing. The County will need modern, competitive business taxes which are less complex and have the least administrative burden. New levies at the county should be guided by the Statutory Instruments Act, 2013.

• The county government should utilize ICTs and other e-technologies to facilitate online transactions thus reducing the risks associated with cash transactions.

• There is need to review and simplify regulations and licensing to make them more effective. Powers and practices of various regulatory bodies with overlapping mandates within the county should be streamlined in order to stop such institutions from imposing new charges which have an equivalent effect to taxes.


• The county government should aim at establishing a single licensing regime within a year into office.

• To make the management of county regulations easier, the government of Laikipia County should consider developing a mechanism that will effectively communicate any new laws to all stakeholders. The private sector needs to be sensitized to facilitate easier compliance. Sufficient notice (proposed at three months) should be given to the business community for introduction of new and/or change of fees.

• The County government should collaborate with the national government and other counties along the Nyeri Nanyuki Road and Nyahururu Nanyuki Road in an effort to reduce the cost of transport to and from the county as an incentive for attracting and retaining investors.

• Key Business should be represented in county government committees constituted to revise or introduce new fees/charges for infrastructure upgrades etc. Any recommendation on new levies/rates should be effected after wide consultation with all stakeholders. The acceptable fees should be gazetted and published in the county government websites and other media for wider reach.

• The County Government should incorporate business community’s key stakeholders in all committees formed by the office of the Governor of Laikipia County.

• The County government should develop a criterion for grading businesses, and consequently classify the various businesses operating in Laikipia County. Each grade/class should indicate the type of license and levies payable, and the specific amount for each license. As a starting point, and for purposes of uniformity and fairness, the County Government should formulate the regulations that will inform the classification criteria.

Health Sector

• Revitalize the health infrastructure32- in line with Vision 2030, the county should endeavor to provide efficient, equitable, affordable and high quality health care, by having a functional health delivery infrastructure in place. This will entail building new healthcare facilities and upgrading of those already in existence to ensure accessibility of affordable healthcare opportunities for the majority of the county residents especially the rural residents of the county

• Encourage investors to establish industries related to and with a direct impact to the health sector to serve the hospitals and health care centers within the county and the wider central and rift valley region e.g. setting up of a pharmaceutical plant in the county.

32. Vision 2030 (Strategies to improve Health care).


• Upgrading of existing health centres e.g. by raising the hospitals in the county to level 4 and level 5 hospitals so as to reduce congestion at the existing facilities. In line with this, the county government should strengthen health services delivery in the county by putting in place mechanisms aimed at ensuring that the ratio of health workers to patients is appropriate to reduce the congestion that is being experienced in the few available healthcare facilities e.g. a medical workers’ volunteer program to help reduce the burden on the existing few health officers in the hospitals

• Strengthen the inspectorate arm of the county to also focus on government hospitals, as well as private clinics.

• Partner with the private sector to establish world class medical and health facilities.

• Put in place a medical workers’ volunteer program to help reduce the burden on the existing few health officers in the hospitals.

• Boost rapid response emergency services in the county by increasing the number of ambulance services set to serve the whole county. County government should include a budget line to purchase at least ten ambulances to serve various zones in the county.


LOW LYING FRUITS FROM THE WAY FORWARD

Development of a Public Private Dialogue Strategy

Pursuant to the requirements of the Constitution of Kenya, the County Government of Laikipia will put in place clear mechanisms to enable the private sector interrogate strategies of the county government in a timely and measurable way.

Showcasing Laikipia County to potential investors

With all these investment opportunities abounding in Laikipia County it is important to formalize channels for marketing Laikipia County as the ideal investment destination in Kenya, and the EAC region. This can be done through:

a) Mapping of all investment opportunities in the county

This exercise, conducted by the Laikipia Investment Authority in collaboration with Keninvest, Export Promotion Council and key stakeholders will identify the investment potential and projects for the county, and make proposals to the county government on the creation of business friendly environment, including on incentives so as to attract investors. The first Laikipia County Investment Forum is schedule to be held in August 2014.

b) Laikipia County Investment Forum

In conjunction with the business community, and other relevant stakeholders, Laikipia County will organize a major investment forum in August 2014, targeting both local and international investors. This conference will be the starting point for promoting the county to potential investors. The conference will showcase the multiple opportunities available in Laikipia County for doing business. The conference will also act as a forum for the county leadership to demonstrate its commitment to promoting business in the county. Potential investors will have an opportunity to make enquiries, seek clarifications and evaluate investment incentives available in the county.

c) Meeting of County Governors from the Greater Central and Rift Valley Region

The leadership of Laikipia County is cognizant of the value of collaborative efforts by all counties in the greater Central and Rift Valley Region. In light of this, Lakipia County government, in collaboration with key stakeholders, will organize bi-annual meetings of governors of these counties to discuss issues of mutual interest that affect the economic prosperity of these regions. This meeting will form a key advocacy platform for the regional business agenda.


Enhancing provision of extension services to farmers

In recognition of the economic importance of the agriculture and livestock sectors to the Laikipia County, the government will restructure the Water and Natural Resources Ministry by training the youth on short courses, and then employing them to offer field extension services to farmers. This will be an innovative way to bridge the gap in shortage of extension officers in the county, while creating employment for the youth.

Reducing the cost of doing business

As a county with high cost of doing business, the county government will put in place measures to:

• Protect the existing businesses in the county from imposition of additional levies and licences by other counties through advocacy and support.

• Reduce the number of licences and levies payable by business people to the county.

• Utilize technology and establish a one stop shop for business pertinent information.

• Embed a preference scheme for locals, especially the youth and women, in procuring for county projects.

• Ensure that all county bills are developed in consultation with key stakeholders and adequate notice for scrutiny by stakeholders (at least 30 days) should also be provided

Conclusion

Laikipia County has the advantage due to its geographical location coupled with immense tourism and agricultural potential. This portends immense potential for economic growth as Laikipia County is already ahead in positioning itself as the premier tourism destination in EAC and an industrial hub for Kenya. As such, going forward, constant and systematic collaboration and dialogue between the county government and the private sector will be crucial in devising strategies and frameworks aimed at realizing the full potential of this county. In light of the importance of consistent dialogue and collaborations, the formation of the Laikipia County Business Forum spells a sound foundation to ensure that the County Government of Laikipia, through the office of the Governor, formally recognizes and works closely with the private sector, thus ensuring productive dialogue, consultations and inclusion in decision making on matters that affect the business climate of the county, as provided by the Constitution of Kenya.

In the 2013-2017 tenure of the current county leadership, public private dialogue will be achieved through quarterly round table meetings focusing on four broad thematic


areas, that is: a) Land use and management; b) Infrastructure; c) Service delivery in Laikipia County; and, d) Promotion of trade, tourism & industrial growth.

It is therefore important that Laikipia County Business Forum, through the BMOs and business people whose business interests fall under these sectors, form thematic groups as forums for discussions of specific issues that affect their businesses. These groups will then collate and coalesce these views and channel them to the county government, through the specific county executives. This will facilitate easier follow up by the private sector and faster requests to the private for input and engagement by the county government and speedy response by the private sector.

Members of the business community in Laikipia County who are not members of any BMO are therefore urged to pursue membership to relevant organizations to ensure their voice is heard and to strengthen the voice of business advocacy. It is only through such an advocacy platform that the business community to be well recognized, putting it in a strategic position to influence county governance.


List of BMOs at the meeting

1. Kenya Association of Manufacturers

2. Kenya National Farmer Federation

3. Kenya Pyrethrum Growers Association

4. Laikipia County Natural Resources Network (LAICONAR)

5. Laikipia Matatu Owners Association

6. Laikipia Rural Voices

7. Laikipia Wildlife Forum

8. Laikipia Legal Forum

9. Nanyuki Bus SACCO

10. Northern RangeLands Trust

11. Nanyuki Boda Boda SACCO

12. Kenya National Chamber of Commerce

13. Syngenta

14. EFWES Kenya

15. Cereal Growers Association

16. NCDIF

17. CTPC Laikipia County Vote Holders

18. Laikipia Sports Organization

19. Naibung’a Conservation Trust

20. Nanyuki Business SACCO ltd


References

StatutesThe Constitution of Kenya, 2010The Transition to Devolved Government Act 2012The County Governments Act, 2012Documents/ReportsThe World Bank, Kenya Economic Update, Edition No. 8, June 2013The World Bank, Doing Business 2013World Health Organization, Investing in Health for Economic Development, 2012.Kenya Vision 2030 (Popular Version)Vision 2030 Medium Term Plan 2013 -2017Key Economic Indicators, 2012, KNBS Kenya Vision 2030 Progress Report as at 1st February 2013AFDB, Education and Economic Development in Africa, 2010Laikipia County Investment Profile, Keninvest 2014Websites visitedhttp://www.investmentkenya.comhttp://www.epckenya.org/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenyahttp://www.knbs.or.ke/http://www.kam.co.ke/http://www.ktb.go.ke/http://www.transauthority.go.ke/https://www.opendata.go.ke/facet/countieshttp://www.kws.org/parks/ http://www.who.orghttp://www.ilo.orghttp://www.afdb.org


Photos from the Governors Round Table

LAIKIPIA COUNTY BUSINESS AGENDA

P.O. Box 30225 - 00100 GPO Nairobi15 Mwanzi RoadTel:+254 020 2324817/8; 020 8155531/2; 020 2166657Mobile:+254 722-201368, 0706-612384, 0734 646004/5Email: [email protected]: www.kam.co.ke

An Advocacy Tool for Laikipia County Business Forum


Laikipia County COVER FINAL 2.pdf 1 12/8/2014 4:50:08 PM
