Laboratory water purification

Water quality and application

Paul FowlerExport Manager

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Contents

• Introduction to Purite

• Water Standards and application

• Technology

• Purite Equipment

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• Purite designs, develops and manufactures water purification systems

• For use in applications in laboratory, healthcare and industry.

• We specialise in a wide range of technologies, including:• ion exchange carbon filtration• reverse osmosis• electro-deionisation• ultrafiltration.

About Purite

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Water Standards

• Water is one of the most important raw materials used for research & development, laboratory and production applications.

• Quality of raw water drawn from the mains or local borehole supplies can be extremely variable.

• Measures need to be in place to purify the water to suitable standards.

• Specific water purity standards have been developed over the years.

• Quality of water required is linked to application.

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Water StandardsBS EN ISO 3696:1995

• Three standardised grades, expressed in terms of conductivity as below:

Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max1 0.1 10 N/A 102 1 1 N/A 203 5 0.2 5-7.5 N/A

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Water StandardsASTM D1193-06 (2011)• Four standardised types, expressed in terms of conductivity as

below. Further graded on bacterial, Endotoxin requirement as more application specific:

Type Grade Microsiemens(MIN) Resistance(MIN) pH Si(ppb)max cfu/ml max Endotoxins Eu/ml maxI 0.056 18 3I A 0.056 18 3 10/1000 0.03I B 0.056 18 3 10/100 0.25I C 0.056 18 3 100/10II 1.000 1 3II A 1.000 1 3 10/1000 0.03II B 1.000 1 3 10/100 0.25II C 1.000 1 3 100/10III 0.250 4 500III A 0.250 4 500 10/1000 0.03III B 0.250 4 500 10/100 0.25III C 0.250 4 500 1000/100IV 5.000 0.2 5-8IV A 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/1000 0.03IV B 5.000 0.2 5-8 10/100 0.25IV C 5 0.2 5-8 100/10

Most people refer to ASTM standards, but interpretation varies

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Water Standards

• Other specialised standards exist for industries such as the electronics and semiconductor industry where specific metal specifications need to be met.

• The healthcare industry also has its own set of standards.

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Applications

• Type IV Non-Critical work. Water baths, autoclave and

disinfector feed, environmental chambers, plant growth rooms. Type 1 production.

• Type II/III General Lab use. Glassware rinsing, media preparation,

pH solutions & buffers, reagent preparation. Type 1 production.

• Type I Water critical applications. Clinical Analysers, HPLC, GC,

AA, ICP-MS, advanced analytical techniques, Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology.

QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION

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Technology-RO

• Latest RO technology can improve water quality and lab productivity.

• RO is a powerful method of producing purified water for a wide range of laboratory duties.

• Modern units will pre-filter and de-chlorinate the raw water feed, then pass through semi permeable polymer RO membranes.

• The permeate passes through the membrane which removes up to 98% of the minerals and salts, plus virtually all colloids, microorganisms, endotoxins and organic macromolecules.

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TechnologyDeionisation• Deionisation can be used purify water.• It uses a mixture of resins to remove anionic and cationic

contaminants from the feedwater, exchanging with active hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, which combine to form water molecules.

• Deionisation can be used alone to produce Grade 1 (>10 MΩ) water, but is uneconomic at high TDS levels or for high usage (>100l/day).

• Generally the most efficient treatment is a combination of RO and Deionisation.

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TechnologyLaboratory systems

• Specification should begin with consideration of the standardised grades of water purity.

• Having established the level of purity required, then the volume needed should be assessed.

• This is followed by the decision to install a centralised or stand-alone unit.

• Choice is dictated by overall costs and the operational demands of each option.

• Purite has developed a range of stand-alone units designed to meet the needs of the modern laboratory

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Quality Considerations?

QUALITY - LINKED TO APPLICATION

• RO WATER (5 – 35 µs) – Feed for Humidifiers, Autoclaves, Lab ring mains.

• DI WATER (1 – 10 MΩ) – Glassware rinsing, Reagent make-up, Media prep, General Lab use.

• HPLC GRADE WATER (>10 MΩ) – HPLC, Ion Chromatography, Atomic Adsorption, Analyser feed.

• ULTRA PURE WATER – (18.2 MΩ) – Tissue Culture, Life Science, Molecular Biology.

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Equipment

Labwater Descale Analyst HP Purewater 300 Fusion Neptune

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Pure Water Guide

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Labwater Range

L3G EDI Variants

Low volume users 1-10l/d Schools Dentists Grade 2 (1-10 µs)

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Labwater 1 & 2 Cartridges

LABWATER 1• 1 – 10 µs• 160 Litre apacity• Colour exchange

indication• Optional dispense

gun

LABWATER 2• 1 – 10 µs• 320 litre capacity• Colour exchange

indication• Optional dispense

gun

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Select Range

Nomenclature

• Descale - Base RO Unit with

pre-treatment• Analyst - Descale & DI• HP - Analyst

with UMF & Recirculation

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Configurations

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Select Range

• 40 – 3.6 litres / hour• 80 – 7.2 litres / hour• 160 – 14.4 litres / hour• 320 – 30 litres / hour

* Size based on daily usage per a 10 hour working day

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Select Descale

• Applications− Washing machines− Rinsing− Humidifier feed− Autoclave feed

• Configuration− Carbon Pre-treatment− Reverse Osmosis− Integrally Close Coupled

(ICC) or external tank

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Output Quality

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Select Analyst

• Applications− Reagent make up− Media preparation− Atomic Adsorption− Glassware Rinsing

• Configuration− Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin − ICC or external tank

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Output Quality

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Purewater 300

• Applications− Laboratory glassware

washing− 20lt internal tank− Dishwasher connection− >1MΩ.cm

• Configuration − Carbon Pre-treatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− ICC Tank

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Output Quality

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Select HP

• Applications− Ion HPLC− Chromatography− Tissue Culture− Fluorescence

• Configuration− Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− Recirculation Loop− 0.1µm internal bacterial

filter− 0.2µm POU filter− ICC or External Tank

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Output Quality

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Select Fusion

• Applications− Dual quality water− Analytical >1MΩ.cm− Life Science upto18.2MΩ.cm− UPW up to 50lt/day max− 40, 80, 160, 320 variants− Bacteria <0.1CFU/ml, TOC

<5ppb− Endotoxin <0.001EU/ml

• Configuration − Carbon Pretreatment− Reverse Osmosis− Deionising Resin− Recirculation Pump− Nuclear Resin Polish− Ultrafiltration− Dual UV treatment

185/254nm− 0.2µm POU filter

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Fusion Configuration

NB - Carbon Filter External to Unit

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Fusion Output Quality

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Tank Options

• Internal 20lt Tank− 40− 80− 160− 320

• External Tank− 50lts - 40, 80, 160− 100lts - 320

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Neptune – 3 Variants

• Applications− Guaranteed 18.2MΩ.cm− Analytical− Life Science− Ultimate− Needs a pretreated water

supply− 20µS/cm− Dispenses 2 litres / minute

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Configuration

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Neptune Output Quality

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Product Selection Considerations

• What flow rate is required? (litres/hr or litres/day)• What is the demand pattern? (how much needed at once)• What quality of water is required? (Grade or Type)• What is the end use application? (General Lab etc)• What quality is the feedwater? (TDS)• What is the mains pressure? (bar or psi)

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Contact Purite

Purite Ltd

Bandet Way

Thame, Oxon

OX9 3SJ UK

Tel: +44 (0)1844 217141

Fax: +44 (0)1844 218098

Email: mail@purite.com

www.purite.com