♦ Highways

♦ Railways

♦ Transmission lines

♦ Canals

♦ Sewers

♦ Water mains

• Profile leveling yields elevations at definite points alonga reference line.

• Used in designing linear facilities:

Profile Leveling

Staking and Stationing the Reference Line

♦ A single straightsegment (Short sewerline)

♦ A series of connectedstraight segments whichchanges direction atangle points(transmission line)

♦ Straight segments joinedby curves (highways andrailways)

Reference Line (RL) can be:

RR

Staking and Stationing the Reference Line

♦ Staring, ending and angle points will be set first

♦ Intermediate stakes will be placed on line (50 to 100 ftEnglish units or 10 to 40 m SI units)

♦ Distances for staking will be taped, measured (usingEDM …)

To Stake the proposed RL

0+00

1+00

2+00

0+20

0+40

0+60

0+80

0+50

1+50

Example of staking and stationing the RLRL

Example of Profile leveling

BS IFS FS

Figure 5.10 (textbook)

Lab Procedure

Long Pond

Site

Lab ProcedureLayout a 100 m long straight line (starting at your starting point) andmark out stations by 20 m intervals along it.

Mark out the reference line at 10 m wide cross section perpendicularto the line at each of the 20 m stations.

0+00 1+00

0+20

0+40

0+60

0+80

10 m

10 m

Lab ProcedureSetup the instrument 40 to 50 m from your initial BM and take a BSand Intermediate Fore Sights (IFS) of each of the 20 m stations andthe associated cross sections.

10 m

10 m

InstrumentSetup

BM = 100 m

BS

IFS

HI = BM + BS

Elev. = HI - IFS

Lab Procedure

Sample

field

note

Lab ProcedurePlot the profile of the reference line and the perpendicular crosssections on the graph papers (see sample plot below)

Calculate the gradient of the reference lineSlope = change in elev/100.