lab spot speed

8/17/2019 Lab Spot Speed

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Faculty:Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Department :Department of Geotechnical and Transportation Engineering

Title:SPOT SPEED STUDY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Speed is the rate of movement of a vehicle, generally expressed in kilometers per hour.

A spot speed study is a study of traffic speed at one point or spot on a traffic way. It consists

of a series or a sample of observations of the individual speeds at which vehicles are

approaching an intersection or passing a point at a non-intersection location. These

observations are used to estimate the speed distribution of the entire traffic stream at that

location, under the conditions prevailing at the time of the study.

Spot speed studies can be used to study speeds at problem locations in order to determine

whether speeds are too high and if complaints received are ustified, for accident analysis in

order to determine the relationship of speed to accidents which may help in developing

corrective measures, and for before-and-after studies in order to evaluate the effect of

some change in controls or conditions.

In relation with this study, there has been several complaints of vehicles speeding along

the !T"#-$uitsu section of road. This poses a danger to motorists, pedestrians and

cyclists as there is a lot of activity in the area. $urthermore, there are plenty of right-turning

movements along this stretch of road, with no storage lanes provided for right-turners. This

is dangerous because the right-turners stop on the fast lane and have no protection.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

The obectives of this study are%

&a' To determine the speed characteristics of traffic at the location.

&b' To ustify the problem of speeding at the location.


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3.0 APPARATUS

(. )adar *un

+. $orms SS( and SS+

. *raph aper & nos'

. Safety /est


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4.0 PROCEDURE

(. The spot at which the speed data will be collected is indentified.

+. The radar gun to measure the speed of vehicles is used according to their

respective vehicle class 0 1lass ( otorcycles', 1lass + &1ars', 1lass &/ans 2

#edium Trucks', and 1lass &3arge Trucks 2 4uses'.

[Make sure that the operator of the radar gun is not seen by the motorists]

. All speed measurements recorded in $orm SS(.

. 4ased on $orm SS(, determine the mean, maximum and minimum speed of vehicles

according to their class. 5our findings are commented.

6. The data is transferred in $orm SS( to $orm SS+.

7. The following are plotted%

&a' $re8uency "istogram &Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed '

&b' $re8uency 9istribution 1urve &Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed '

&c' 1umulative $re8uency 9istribution 1urve &Cumulative percentage vs. Speed '

:. The following speed characteristics is determined%

&a' #ean speed

&b' #edian speed

&c' #ode speed

&d' ;6-th ercentile speed

&e' Standard deviation

&f' ace


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5.0 DATA ANALYSIS & RESULT

Form SS1

Loc!"o#%


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Title:SPOT SPEED STUD


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Speed1lass&km>h'

1lass#idpoint,x &km>h'

1lass$re8uency,

f

fx ercentagein 1lass,

&B'

1umulativeercentage

&B'

(= 0 ( (+ 6 7= +.=; +.=;

(6 - (? (: 6( (.+6 .+= - + ++ 6 ((= +.=; 6.(

+6 - +? +: (( +?: .6; ?.??

= - + ++ := ?.(: (?.(7

6 -? : (+6; (.(: .

= - + + (:7 (:.6 6=.;

6 - ? : (6?; (.(: 76

6= - 6 6+ += (== ;. :.

66 - 6? 6: (( 7+: .6; ::.?(

7= - 7 7+ (; (((7 :.6 ;6.(

76 - 7? 7: (+ ;= 6 ?=.(

:= - : :+ ? 7; .:6 ?.(7

:6 - :? :: ; 7(7 . ?:.?

;= - ; ;+ + (7 =.; ?;.+;6 - ;? ;: + (: =.; ??.(6

?= - ? ?+ + (; =.; ??.??

Cn D += CD ((+(6 CD (==


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Speed1lass&km>h'


1lass $re8uency f n.x

f ( f + f f f (.x f +.x f .x f .x

(= 0 ( (+ ( ; (+

(6 - (? (: ( ( ( (: (: (:

+= - + ++ ( ;; ++

+6 - +? +: : + ( ( (;? 6 +: +:

= - + 6 : + ; (7= ++ 7 +67

6 -? : 6 (+ ? (; (;6

= - + (6 (+ (( (7; 7= 6= 7+

6 - ? : ? ( 7 7 + 7(( +;+ +;+

6= - 6 6+ 7 : + (+ 7 (= +=;66 - 6? 6: 6 + + + +;6 (( (( ((

7= - 7 7+ 6 7 +; (;7 (= :+

76 - 7? 7: + 6 6 ( 6 6

:= - : :+ ( 6 :+ +(7 7=

:6 - :? :: + ( 6 (6 :: ;6

;= - ; ;+ ( ( ;+ ;+

;6 - ;? ;: + (:

?= - ? ?+ ( ( ?+ ?+

7= 7= 7= 7= +6; +7+ (6 +;:=

#ean speed n

f xΣ

=

". 1lass (% )o!orc$c*%+ iii. 1lass % V#+ #, m%,"-m !r-c+

hr km

n

f

/3.42

60

2538

1

1

=

=Σ

hr km

n

f

/42.52

60

3145

1

1

=

=Σ

"". 1lass +% Cr+ iv. 1lass % /%$ !r-c+ #, -+%+

hr km

n

f

/03.41

60

2462

1

1

=

=

Σ

hr km

n

f

/83.47

60

2870

1

1

=

=

Σ


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.0 CALCULATION & RESULT

(1).

i. 1lass (% )o!orc$c*%+ iii. 1lass % V#+ #, m%,"-m

!r-c+

#ean speed D +. E + km>hr #ean speed D 6+.+ E 6+ km>hr

#aximum speed D ?( km>hr #aximum speed D ?+ km>hr

#inimum speed D (= km>hr #inimum speed D (( km>hr

ii. 1lass +% Cr+ iv. 1lass % /%$ !r-c+ #,-+%+

#ean speed D (.= E ( km>hr #ean speed D :.; E ; km>hr

#aximum speed D :: km>hr #aximum speed D ; km>hr

#inimum speed D (; km>hr #inimum speed D (? km>hr

Comment:

$rom the data, we obtained the mean speed, maximum speed and the minimum speed for

motorcycles, cars, van and medium trucks and heavy trucks or buses. Fe are noticed that the

mean speed for class ( otorcycle' is + km>hr, class + &1ars' is ( km>hr, class &/ans 2

medium Trucks' is 6+ km>hr and class &"eavy trucks and 4uses' is ; km>hr. the highest

mean speed is car which is 6+ km>hr. It has shown that many vehicle are obey the speed limit

which is 7= km>hr. "owever, the vans and medium trucks have the highest of maximum speed.

It was dangerous for all either motorist, pedestrians and cyclist. ; heavy vehicles and maybe

more than that was trough along !T"# 0 $uitsu section of road for one hour. o protection

and storage lane provides can influence the accident occur.


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(2).

&a' #ean speed%

hr km

n

f speed mean x

/73.46

240

11215

=

=

Σ=

&b' #edian speed%

hr km

C f

f n

L speed medianm

L

/21.44

534

1222

240

5.44

2

=

×

−

+=

×

− +=

&c' #ode speed% &7= 0 7' km>hr which vehicles (refer at graph 2

&d' Standard deviation%

hr km

hr km

nn

f

n

f x x

/142

5.645.47

2

PPdeviationstandardEstimate

/37.49

)1240(240

)11215(

1240

582775

)1(

)(

1deviationStandard

1585

2

22

=−

=−

=

=

−−

−=

−∑

−−

∑=


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)EDIAN SPEED

Speed 1lass&km>h'

3ower limit&km>hr'

1lass fre8uency,f

1umulative classfre8uency

(= 0 ( ?.6 6 6

(6 - (? (.6 ;

+= - + (?.6 6 (

+6 - +? +.6 (( +

= - +?.6 ++ 7

6 -? .6 ;=

= - ?.6 + (++

6 - ? .6 (67

6= - 6 ?.6 += (:7

66 - 6? 6.6 (( (;:7= - 7 6?.6 (; +=6

76 - 7? 7.6 (+ +(:

:= - : 7?.6 ? ++7

:6 - :? :.6 ; +

;= - ; :?.6 + +7

;6 - ;? ;.6 + +;

?= - ? ;?.6 + +=

3

f !

f m


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)EDIAN SPEED

Speed1lass&km>h'


x+

1lassfre8uency,

f f x f x

+

(= 0 ( (+ ( 6 7= :+=

(6 - (? (: +;? 6( ;7:

+= - + ++ ; 6 ((= ++=

+6 - +? +: :+? (( +?: ;=(?

= - + (=+ ++ := ++6+;

6 -? : (7? (+6; 767

= - + (:7 + (:7 :=;;

6 - ? : ++=? (6?; :6(=7

6= - 6 6+ +:= += (== 6=;=

66 - 6? 6: +? (( 7+: 6:?7= - 7 7+ ; (; (((7 7?(?+

76 - 7? 7: ;? (+ ;= 6;7;

:= - : :+ 6(; ? 7; 7767

:6 - :? :: 6?+? ; 7(7 :+

;= - ; ;+ 7:+ + (7 (;

;6 - ;? ;: :67? + (: (6(;

?= - ? ?+ ;7 + (; (7?+;

Cn D += CD ((+(6 CD 6;+::6


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.0 DISCUSSION

$rom this spot speed study, we are known for traffic operation establishing speed limits,

determining safe speed at approaches to intersections. The road along 4atu ahat - Gluang

highway was very dangerous and must take action to avoid the accident. 3ooks on the

finding, #ean speed, maximum speed and minimum speed of each class is determined by

using form SS+. The speed limit of this two lane highway is 7=km>hr. @ach of the mean

speed of class vehicles gives the different speed. Fhich the class ( is 7 km>hr, class + is :

km>hr, class is 7= km>hr and class is 7= km>hr. The higher mean speed is at class + and

the lower mean speed is class 2 .4ased on the mean speed for class + that we found, it seems the speed is over the speed

limit. There are cause by a few factor that can be influence such as, the road itself give the

access for drive fast. Since the lane is straight then there are less of traffic lights there and

the warning sign, so there is nothing to slow down the speed. $urthermore, the way of

pavement there is still in good condition without any distress or deformation so there are no

problem will be occurred when drive in fast. $or the lower mean speed is class 2

because there are always must be take care of small vehicle like motorcycle. 3ike what we

known, they are main factor for accident occur at there. Since that, the driver of heavy

vehicles always is alert by driving carefully then slow down their vehicle speed. 4ase on

analysis we found that the standard deviation of this road according our observation we got

(7.: km>hr, estimate standard deviation is ( km>hr and the pace were in range 6? km>hr

and 7? km>hr. The ;6th percentile speed as obtained from the cumulative fre8uency

distribution curve shown is :.6 km>hr. It means that is a good guideline for the appropriate

speed limit for that road and it indicates that the speed most of the motorists on the road to

considered safe and reasonable under ideal condition. So, we must follow the suggestion

that was told in comment part.


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Department :

.0 CONCLUSION

The obectives of this survey are to determine the speed characteristics of traffic at the

location and to ustify the problem of speeding at the location. $rom this experiment, we can

be concluded that speeding is a problem at this location and may have contributed to road

accidents which have occurred at this location.

This is supported by the results of the finding which show that mean, median, pace and ;6 th

percentile speeds have all exceeded the 7= km>hr speed limit. In addition, about +:.6B of the

drivers drive at speed between 6? km>hr to 7? km>hr and ;6B of them drive at :.6 km>h or

below. All of this were above the maximum allowable speed and can be increased thenumber of an accident. In addition, 6=B of the driver we detected to have driven over the

speed limit.


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Department of Geotechnical and Transportation Engineering


9.0 REFERENCES

(. Traffic engineering and safety, 4$1 +=;+ , !niversiti Tun "ussein Hnn #alaysia

+. icholars


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lab spot speed

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