lab 13 - human population growth rate

5/22/2018 Lab 13 - Human Population Growth Rate

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Human Population GrowthRate


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Learning Objectives

Describe the characteristics of first-world versusthird-world countries

Understand the human population growth ratesin different countries

Recognize global trends in population growthrates

Describe population momentum and the affectsof fertility rates.

Describe different social and political changesthat may affect human population growth rate inseveral countries.

After completing this activity, students will beable to:


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Background Information

In low-income countries more than a third of thepopulation is under the age of 15, while in high-incomecountries less than a fifth is.

The worlds population is growing by 200,000 people aday

Between 1980 and 2030, the population of low- andmiddle-income countries will more than doubleto 7.0billion, compared with 1 billion for high-income countries.

In the next 35 years, 2.5 billion people will be added tothe current population of 6 billion


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Population Growth Rate

Population growth rate(PGR) is the increase in acountrys population duringa period of time. It reflectsthe number of births anddeaths during the period

and the number of peoplemigrating to and from acountry

Between 1980 and 2000total world population grew

from 4.4 billion to 6 billion. By 2015 at least another

billion will be added,bringing the total to morethan 7 billion.


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Global trends in PRG

Death and birth rates have declined over the pastseveral decades.

Advances in medicine and better access to healthcarehas increased peoples life spans

Parents realize that as health care improves, theirchildren are more likely to reach adulthood, so they arechoosing to have fewer babies.

Increased access to family planning is helping parents

control the number and spacing of their children With greater access to education and jobs, women arestarting families later and are having fewer, healthierchildren.


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Population growth rates have started to decline due tothe slowing of birth rates

Birth rates remain high in some countries because birth

rates have not dropped as quickly as death rates Population growth rate still tends to be higher in low- to

middle-income countries than in higher incomecountries.

Even as growth rate decreases in these countries, thenumber of people added to the population each year hasbeen increasing because the population base hasbecome larger.


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Population momentum The lack of balance between birth and death rates is

particularly pronounced in many developing countriesexperiencing population momentum.

This occurs when a large portion of the population is ofchildbearing age

Even if the fertility rate of people in developing countriesreaches replacement level there will still be several decadeswhere the absolute numbers of people being born willexceed the numbers of people dying.


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How does the age of its population

affect a country?

In low-incomecountries where morethan a third of thepopulation is under15, a large portion ofthe countriespopulation is tooyoung to work and, in

the short run, isdependent uponthose who can


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The transition to lowerpopulation growth rates canpose problems as well.

As growth slows, theaverage age of thepopulation rises and theproportion of elderly,nonworking people willincrease.

The puts pressure on theworking-age population andon the countrys pension,health care, and socialsecurity systems.

This is an issue faced bysome high-income countriestoday and which developingcountries may face in thefuture as their populationdeclines.


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People in motion

International migration has important

social, economic, and political

significance.

This is as true for countries that lose

citizens as it is for the countries which

immigrants make their new homes.

Most migration in the world today occurs

between developing countries.


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Urbanization is also significant. The rapid growth of citiesin developing countries is nearly universal.

In 1960 less than 22% of the developing worldspopulation lived in an urban environment. In 1990 itincreased to 34%. It is expected to reach 48% by 2015.

Movement from rural to urban areas can result in greaterproduction of goods and services, but can also createcongestion, pollution, greater demand for housing, cleanwater, sanitation facilities, recreation areas, publictransport, health care and education

When rapid migration to cities strains the capacities ofgovernments to provide these services to everyone, theresult may be a lower standard of living for everyone.


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Population growth, the economy,

and the environment

Rapid populationgrowth rates canmake it difficult forcountries to raisestandards of livingand protect theenvironment.

The more peoplethere are, the greaterthe demand forresources.


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Responding to the needs of arapidly growing population canchallenge a countrys ability tomanage natural resources ona sustainable basis.

For example, people may notbe able to get access to safe

water because more and morehouseholds, farms andfactories are using increasingamounts of water

Deforestation may occur as

trees are cut to provide fuel forcooking, building materials, orland for grazing andagriculture.


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Strategies for change: Affecting

population growth rates

Parents tend to have larger families when

they fear that many of their babies may

die, when they need laborers to work onthe family farm or business, when they

want to ensure that they themselves will

be cared for in their old age, and when

they lack access to education and to

family planning if they want it.


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Experience shows that three of the

most successful strategies to reduce

fertility rates are to ensure that people:1. Have greater access to primary health care

and family planning services

2. Receive basic education, especially girlsand women

3. Have government services that help protect

them when they are sick, old orunemployed

lab 13 - human population growth rate

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