la mise en conformité des navires avec marpol vi jean...
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Info navires 2014La mise en conformité des navires avec Marpol VI
Jean-Michel HenrySenior Sales Advisor Ship power
Wärtsilä France SAS
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Topics
� Overview on emission regulations
� How to fulfil emissions limits?
� Change to low sulphur distillate fuels
� Exhaust gas cleaning systems (Scrubbers)
� NOR (Nitrogen oxide reducer)
� Natural Gas – as marine fuel
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emission regulations
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The Protocol of 1997 (Marpol Annex VI)
• MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts.
– Sulphur Oxides (SOx)
• Fuel sulphur content
– 4.50% prior to January 2012– 3.50% on and after 1st January 2012
– 0.50% on and after 1st January 2020 (or equivalent)
• Operation within an Emission Control Area (ECA)– 0.1% on and after 1St January 2015 (or equivalent)
– Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) engine output >130KW
• Vessel constructed (keel laid) after 1st January 2000 TIER I• Vessel constructed (keel laid) after 1st January 2011 TIER II
• Vessel constructed (keel laid) after 1st January 2016 TIER III (ECA)
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Environmental challenge
NOx
Acid rains
Tier II (2011)Tier III (2016)
SOx
Acid rains
3.5% (2012)ECA 0.1% (2015)
CO2
Greenhousegas
Under evaluation by IMO
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Emission Control Areas
existing ECAs: Baltic Sea, North Sea
New ECAs: Coasts of USA, Hawaii and Canada
discussed ECAs: Coasts of Mexico, Coasts of Alaska and Great Lakes, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Australia, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea (2014), Tokyo Bay (in 2015)
Most used trading routes
Proliferation of ECA areas is expected in the next future
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0
4
6
10
12
16
14
8
2
18
250 500 1000 1500 20000
NO
x [g
/kW
h]
Rated engine speed [rpm]
50DF Engine(in diesel mode)
NOx weighted curves
IMO NOx emissions regulations
IMO Tier I - New ships 2000
IMO Tier II - New ships 2011
IMO Tier III - New ships 2016 in designated areas
50DF Engine(in gas mode)
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How to fulfil emissions limits?
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3 solutions
Several different alternatives are viable for emissions regulations fulfillment:
Change to low-sulphur distillate fuels
Apply exhaust gas treatment
technologiesSwitch to LNG
111 222 333
Does not fulfill NOX limits!
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Change to low-sulphur distillate fuels
Does not fulfill NOX limits!
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Wärtsilä low sulphur fuel adaptation –solution options
The MDF Cooler Unit
•Ensures controlled cooling, correct fuel oil viscosity and temperature
•A solution for continous MDF operation
The Automatic Fuel Switch & MDF Cooler Unit
•Ensures that the fuel changeover can be started at the correct time
•Solutions for frequent switching between HFO/MDF/HFO
Continuous or temporary
operation on MDF?
Optional equipment examples
• Cooling water pump unit• Chiller unit • Remote display
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Technical concept – fuel switching
Remote display
MDF
Booster Unit
Engine(s)
PLC
HFO
TE TE
TE
MDF Cooler UnitMDF Cooler Unit
Wärtsilä scope of supply
Installation dependent
TE
TE
PT PT
PT
V029
P008
Automatic Fuel SwitchAutomatic Fuel Switch
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EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS
(Wärtsilä scrubbers)
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Marine scrubber milestones
1993: M/S Fjordshell equipped with Kværner EGC1997: IMO adopts Marpol Annex VI
2004: Ratification of Marpol Annex VI
2005: Wärtsilä Marine Scrubber project started2005: EU Directive
2005: Hamworthy scrubber on Pride of Kent
2007: Wärtsilä decision to install pilot scrubber
2008: IMO adopts Revised Marpol Annex VI: – stringent SOx-limits– scrubber permitted– effluent regulated
2008: Start of Wärtsilä pilot scrubber
2009: First certificate in the world (DNV, GL)
2010: Hamworthy contract for 20 scrubbers to Ignazio Messina
2012: EU Parliament and Council decision2015: Drastic fuel cost savings with scrubbers in ECA
2020/2025: Drastic fuel cost savings with scrubbers globally
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Wärtsilä Main Scrubber Portfolio
Open loop scrubber – sea water operations • Uses seawater i.e. no freshwater needs• Slightly higher power demand than FWS • Does not need caustic soda
Applications: main alternative for ocean-going ships
Closed loop scrubber – fresh water/closed loop opera tions• Independent on seawater alkalinity• Zero effluent discharge an option • Low power demand• Needs caustic soda as a reagent
Applications : seas with extremely low alkalinity and for operators looking for continues closed loop operation
Hybrid scrubbers – open loop / closed loop operation s• Flexible system• More complex system
Applications: ships requiring full flexibility of operations
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Wärtsilä Inline Scrubber
Benefits:
•Smaller footprint
•Operational flexibility
•Simple installation
•No by-pass - can run hot
•Can be delivered as hybrid (alternating between open and closed loop)
•Can – like all Wärtsilä scrubbers - be installed in combination with Wärtsilä SCR catalyst
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Exhaust Gas In
Scrubbing Water Pump
Inline Scrubber
Hydro-cyclone
pH, PAH,Turb, T
Scrubber waterMonitoringModule
Scrubbing water
Reaction water
Wash water
Effluent
Sludge
*Optional
Residence Tank
Wash WaterPump
Reaction Water Pump* Sludge Tank
Deplume System*Exhaust Gas Out
SOx, CO2,
CEMS
Wash water Monitoring
Module
pH, PAH,Turb, T
Wärtsilä Inline Scrubber Open Loop
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Cooling
Bleed-off Treatment Unit
Alkali FeedModule
pH
Inline Scrubber
Holding Tank*
Wash water/Effluent Monitoring
Module
Scrubbing water
Cooling water
Make-up water
Wash water
Bleed-off
Effluent
Alkali
Sludge
* Optional
Residence tank
Wash waterPump
Hydro-cyclone
Scrubbing water Monitoring
Module
pH, PAH,Turb, T
Process Tank
ScrubbingWater Pump
Make-upwater
Sludge Tank
Deplume System*
*
Cooling/Reaction Water Pump
CEMS
SOx, CO2,
pH, PAH,Turb, T
Exhaust Gas In
Exhaust Gas Out
Wärtsilä Inline Scrubber Hybrid
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NORNITROGEN OXIDE REDUCER
SCR NOx SOLUTION FROM WÄRTSILÄ
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NOX formation and reduction
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are formed during the combustion process from oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) in air.
• In atmosphere NOX reacts to form smog, acid rain and ozone.
• The Wärtsilä NOX Reducer SCR catalyst converts NOX molecules back to harmless water (H20) and nitrogen (N2) molecules by means of urea.
Engine exhaust �
Urea injection �
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NOX reduction functional principle (SCR)
Operating temperature ~ 300 – 450 °C
Nitrogen oxides (NOX) are
reduced into nitrogen (N2) and
water vapour (H2O) using
ammonia or urea at a suitable
temperature on the surface of the
catalyst.
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Wärtsilä NOx Reducer - System overview
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Wärtsilä NOR performance
• Compact and Flexible design• Optimized and validated system
• Efficient SCR process
• Durable catalyst elements
• Possibility to integrate NOR reactor with silencers
Performance NOx emission levels as per IMO Tier III as standard Other NOx levels upon request
Urea consumption(40% solution)
Typically 15 l/h / MW
Operation Fuels: MGO / MDO / HFO� Compatible with SOx scrubber systems
Typical noise reduction for the NOR reactor: 8-10 dB(A)
NOR delivery means ensuring the compatibility of the NOR system with the engine
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Natural gasas marine fuel
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Natural Gas As Marine Fuel
CO2
NOx
SOx
Particulates
Dual-Fuel enginein gas mode
Dieselengine
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Emissionvalues [%]
-25%
-85%
-100%
-100%
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Natural Gas
Natural Gas is traded via seaborne transportation in its liquid form, adopting the name of Liquefied Natural Gas.
NG LNG
Temperature Atmospheric -161°C
Pressure Atmospheric Atmospheric
Density [kg/m3] 0,75 460
Low Heating Value [MJ/kg] ~ 50'000 ~ 50'000
600 times more!
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Wärtsilä is a system integrator
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
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LNGPac
C. Dual-Fuel Main engine
A. Storage tanks
B. Evaporators
A complete and modularizedsolution for LNG fuelled ships
C B
A
D. Dual-Fuel Aux engines
D
E. Bunkering station(s)
F. Integrated control system
E
F
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LNG fuel tank container on a cassette
All securing and fastening arrangements have to be developed according to classification requirements and achieve classification society acceptance.
• Cassette with the container is secured to the deck with twistlocks and by lashing
• The LNG fuel tank container is fastened with twistlocks on a cassette
• The cassette with the container transported with a hydraulic translifter
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Engine characteristics - Operating modes (4 Stroke)
* ** ** * **
******
** **
***
**
Intake ofair and gas
Compression ofair and gas
Ignition bypilot diesel fuel
� Otto principle
� Low-pressure gas admission
� Pilot diesel injection
Gas mode: Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.
Intake ofair
Compression ofair
Injection ofdiesel fuel
� Diesel principle
� Diesel injection
Diesel mode:Ex. In. Ex. In.Ex. In.
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Dual-Fuel Engine Portfolio
0 5 10 15
34DF
20V34DF
12V34DF
9L34DF
6L34DF
16V34DF
18V50DF 17.55 MW
16V50DF
12V50DF
9L50DF
8L50DF
6L50DF50DF
20DF
9L20DF
8L20DF
6L20DF 1.0 MW
Electrical & Mechanical
applications
2 stroke DF from 5 to 64MW
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Dual-fuel application references
Merchant
Offshore
Cruise &Ferry
Navy
Others
Power Plants
DF Power Plant•67 installations•354 engines•Output 4600 MW •Online since1997
Coastal Patrol•DF-propulsion•DF main andauxiliary engines
� 6 segments � >1,000 engines � >10,000,000 running hours
~ 650 engines
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TARBIT Conversion to LNG (2012)
DWT 24783 ton
GT 17757 ton
Displacement 33788 ton
Length p.p. 166.99 m
Length o.a. 177.02 m
Keel to Mast Height 44.85 m
Draught 9.7 m
Breadth Extreme 26.3 m
Breadth Moulded 26 m
Speed 16 kn
Vessel delivery date 17.09.2007
Vessel typology 25'000 dwt Chemical tanker
Owner Tarbit Shipping AB
Ship Builder Shanghai Edward Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Flag Sweden
Class Germanischer Lloyd
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Main engine conversion
yesterDAY2 x W6L46B
5850 kW each
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
CPP
CPP
PTO 1500 kW
PTO 1500 kW
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
Today2 x 6LW50DF 5700 kW each
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Scope of conversion
Scope of supply: � Ship Design� Engine conversion � LNGPac system (2 x 500m3)� Gas supply units � Torque meter for power measurement � Bunkering system � Gas piping (single and double walled) � Exhaust system � Fire-fighting upgrade � Gas detection system � Electrical system
Additional� NOx measurement during sea trial DF and � LNGPac training for personnel
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Bit Viking conversion
• Pipes• Supports• Insulation• Foundation steelwork• Access gangways• Cabling
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Equipment placement
LNG tanks
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LNGPack 500m3
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On board installation & bunkering
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MARPOL VI “Ready”
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