l6 european conflict part 1.pptx - 6th grade world...

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+European Conflict

Part 1 Teacher: Mrs. Moody

Class begins at: 10:05

Learning Targets: I CAN explain what led to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.

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+ Here’s a Reminder…

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Georgia Performance Standard

SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century.

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1.  What is colonialism/ imperialism?

2.  Why did colonialism lead to increased tension among European countries?

3.  Look at this political cartoon – what do you think it is trying to say?

ACTIVATE YOUR BRAIN

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Let’s Review the Causes of Colonization

!  Religion: Many European nations sent missionaries to spread their religious beliefs to new lands. Also, some settlers left Europe to find religious freedom.

!  Natural resources: Natural resources were very important to European empires. European nations explored new routes to gain access to the spice trade in Asia, and they colonized regions to have access to their resources and raw materials.

!  Market for goods: Markets for trade goods were also important to Europe. European workers made raw materials into manufactured products. Having colonies allowed the Europeans to sell these manufactured goods to people who needed them.

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Colonization and WWI !  Tension was already high between countries in Europe when

World War I broke out in 1914. !  Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, countries

in Europe had tried to expand their influence in lands overseas.

!  This drive to colonize led to new European colonies in Asia and Africa and was fueled by a desire for more power as well as a need for raw materials.

!  Many European countries were quickly becoming industrial and needed these materials for their factories.

!  As each country grabbed more land and expanded their empires, tensions rose between the countries.

!  Each country felt that a bigger empire would mean more power and felt threatened when another country acquired more land.

+WWI Overview

"  World War I started in 1914 after Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.

"  Fighting lasted from 1914 until 1918.

"  Soldiers Died– 8,528,831

"  28 total countries fought in it

"  Called the “War to end all wars” or “The Great War”

"  An agreement to stop fighting, also known as an armistice, occurred in 1918. The war was not officially over, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

+Outbreak of War

" Balkan trigger " Austria suppressed Serbs " Serbs revolt (backed by Russians) " Serbians killed Austrian Archduke

" War (domino effect) Austria declared war on Serbia Russia declared war on Austria Germany joined with Austria France and Britain declared war on Austria and Germany

Archduke Ferdinand on day of assassination

I CAN explain what led to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.

+Outbreak of War

" Balkan trigger " Austria suppressed Serbs " Serbs revolt (backed by Russians) " Serbians killed Austrian Archduke

" War (domino effect)

Archduke Ferdinand on day of assassination

I CAN explain what led to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. A Series of Unfortunate Events…

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+Ally, Allies, & Alliance

" An ally is another country that will support you in conflict. The more allies you have, the stronger you are.

" An alliance is a promise, a treaty, an agreement between countries. Alliances are fragile and easily broken.

+Allied Powers

" France, Great Britain (also called England, UK) and Russia were allies.

" They had a three-way treaty to help one another in case of war.

" In 1917, after four years of war , the United States joined with the Allied Powers.


+Central Powers

•  Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

•  They were called “central” because they were in the center of Europe, between France to the west and Russia to the east.

•  Austria-Hungary was known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


+German Invasion

In August 1914, the German army marched west through Belgium and attacked France. The British army quickly moved to help France. Russia attacked Germany from the east.

Belgium


+ Trench Warfare

•  Powerful weapons were developed, but armies were not yet able to move effectively. So armies dug trenches, ditches 12 feet deep that extended for miles.

•  Armies on both sides stayed in the trenches for four years, waiting defensively for the other side to attack. New trenches were constantly being dug.

•  Soldiers would serve for twelve hours in the trench, then move back into safe territory to rest for twelve hours. Fresh soldiers would replace them, then they would switch places.

+Trench Warfare Took It’s Toll On The Soldiers: Trench Foot

" Many soldiers fighting in the First World War suffered from trench foot.

" This was caused by your feet being constantly wet and damp.

"  If untreated, trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in amputation.

"  In the trenches men stood for hours on end up to their ankles in mud.

"  The symptoms were feet gradually go numb and the skin would turn blue or red.

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+Let’s Review: Who’s Fighting Who??

" Germany

" Austria-Hungary

" Ottoman Empire

" France

" Russia

" Great Britain

" United States

Triple Alliance or Central Powers

Triple Entente Or Allied Forces

Remember, the US joined

in 1917! I CAN explain what led to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.

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Causes of World War I

+ Causes of WWI

France and Germany had a history of conflict. In the late 1800s, the two countries had fought in the Franco-Prussian War. Germany won the war and made France sign a harsh treaty. This treaty gave Germany control of an area known as Alsace-Lorraine. Tensions continued to increase between Germany and France into the early 1900s until many felt another war unavoidable.


+ Causes of WWI

The growth of imperialism added to the tensions between countries in the years before the war. The countries of Europe all tried to build the largest empire because they believed a large empire would make them powerful. For this reason, they competed for land in Africa and Asia.


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Causes of WWI Militarism also grew throughout Europe in the years

before World War I. Most countries decided that building up their armed forces was the only way to

protect themselves. They also wanted to protect their empires from the other European powers.


+ Causes of WWI Cont

Nationalism grew in many areas of Europe in the 1800s. Nationalism can be defined as loyalty to a region, country, or group. In the Balkans, which is in southeastern Europe, the people grew tired of being controlled by large empires. A group of Serbians known as the Black Hand were responsible for assassinating the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand. This is because their land was controlled by Austria and they wanted to rule themselves.


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War Declared After war broke out, the countries of Europe united into two groups: the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The Allied Powers were made up of France, Great Britain, and Russia. The Central Powers were made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The United States avoided getting involved the conflict as long as possible but eventually joined the war on the side of the Allied Powers in 1917.


+Let’s Review….Match the Country to the correct Alliance

Triple Alliance or

Central Powers

Triple Entente Or

Allied Forces

Austria-Hungary

France

Germany

Great Britain

Ottoman Empire

Russia

United States

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WWI & the United States

+WWI & the United States

"  The United States tried to stay neutral for the first few years of World War I.

"  This is because many in the United States supported isolationism, which is a foreign policy idea that means that the United States did not want to get involved with other countries.

"  Americans believed that becoming caught up in a European war would not benefit the U.S. in any way. Staying neutral was very difficult, however, because of America's close relationship with Great Britain and the interruptions to trade.

"  Public opinion also slowly turned against Germany throughout the war.


+WWI & the United States "  The US became concerned about Germany early in the war.

The Germans announced they would be using unrestricted submarine warfare.

"  This meant German submarines (U-boats) would sink any enemy ship without warning. They said they would even sink ships that were not being used for the military, like merchant or passenger ships.


+WWI & the United States " In 1915, a German submarine sunk the Lusitania.

The Lusitania was a British ocean liner. Most of the passengers on the ship were killed, including some Americans.

" This angered many Americans and is considered one of the reasons that the United States became involved in World War I.


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+The Zimmerman Note

"  In February 1917, British intelligence intercepted a telegram addressed to the German minister in Mexico from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman.

"  In the message, Zimmerman offered to help Mexico recover territories (like Texas, California, and Arizona) that they had lost to the U.S., in exchange for an alliance between Mexico and Germany.

" The British passed this message to U.S. officials who took this threat very seriously.

I CAN explain what led to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. +

The Zimmerman Note

+WWI & the United States

"  Throughout the war, Americans slowly turned against Germany.

"  On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson called a special session of Congress in order to ask for a declaration of war against Germany.

"  The United States declared war on April 6, 1917.

"  As early as September 1914, the countries fighting in World War I had reached a stalemate. A stalemate is a situation where no one is winning.

"  After the United States entered the war in 1917, the Allies began to win the war. President Woodrow Wilson


WAR Ends!! "  When the war ended in 1918,

President Woodrow Wilson made a peace plan known as his Fourteen Points.

"  He called for an end to colonialism and the establishment of the League of Nations, an international peace-keeping organization.

"  The Fourteen Points were the main idea of the Treaty of Versailles.

"  Go to: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/woodrow_wilson1.htm and read the 14 points.


+Armistice

#  Armistice means “stop fighting.”

#  In November 1918, both sides agreed to an armistice.

#  They stopped fighting; the Allies did not declare victory; the German army did not surrender.

#  This was an unusual way to end a war. Typically, one side is victorious and the other side is defeated.

The 11TH HOUR of the 11TH DAY OF THE 11TH MONTH of 1918, World War I ended.


Treaty of Versailles After the Armistice, near Paris in Versailles (Ver-seye), Germany and the Allied Powers eventually agreed on a treaty to end the war. Here are five key demands which Germany reluctantly agreed to.

1. Germany must admit its responsibility for starting the war.

2. Germany must give up its empire in Africa, and those colonies would be divided among Allied Powers.

3. Germany must pay a huge sum of money to the Allied Powers to make up for the damage caused by the war. It would have taken Germany fifty years to pay this huge sum.

4. Parts of Germany were sliced off and given to neighboring countries. For example, the important German port city Danzig was given to Poland and renamed Gdansk.

5. The size of the German military was strictly limited.


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+Treaty of Versailles "  The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I. The treaty placed all

the blame for the war on Germany and removed its military strength.

"  Germany was also forced to pay other countries for the entire cost of the war. President Wilson wanted European countries to help each other recover after the war. It was clear, though, that countries like France and Great Britain simply wanted to punish Germany.

"  The United States refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because the U.S. Senate was concerned over the role of the League of Nations. It was concerned that the organization would override American interests and reduce Congress' war powers.

"  After the war, the United States gained respect and was seen as a world power because of its helpful role in the war.


World War I – 1914-1918 " Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism, & Alliances

" 4 years of brutal war

" 1500 miles of trenches

" 10 million soldiers and 6 million civilians killed

Create the map to show the Causes of WWI

World War I

Create the map to show the Causes of WWI

World War I

Nationalism

Colonization/Imperialism

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

Militarism

+Check Your Understanding

A stalemate is a situation in which further action is blocked. The stalemate during World War I was broken in 1917 by

A.  the use of chemical weapons.

B.  the invasion of Normandy.

C.  the entry of the U.S. into the war.

D.  the collapse of the Russian front.


In the United States during World War I, public outrage against the Germans swept the nation following

A.  the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

B.  the German invasion of Poland.

C.  the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

D.  the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania.

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President Woodrow Wilson wanted the United States to participate in a League of Nations. What was the goal of this organization?

A.  to promote American economic interests

B.  to finance new industries

C.  to maintain world peace

D.  to serve as an international court

+I CAN… "  Explain what led to WWI and

"  The Treaty of Versailles

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l6 european conflict part 1.pptx - 6th grade world...

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