j f t J •

\' l C T 0 H l ,\.

PENAL ESTABLISHWIENTS AND GAOtS. ---------------

H.EP()H.T

'l1_it BI ... E S

FDR 'f!IF f'lU,R

1 910.

'f'r..,par&tlon-Not ~th•m. 'f'riutinf {tiL(l copli11)

Al'PROX!l!ATE COST (Jf' f'APF.iL ,i; t. "·

li:J 0 Q

REPOl{T

To the Honomble the c;, ie( &cretary.

Pursuant to established us>~ge. I beg to sulnllit btatistical information in regard to the Yidoriau prisons, together witl1 retu:trk,; Oil sonw aspect.-; of pri,on 1\'ork which have come within the range of my experioucc.

STATISTICS. On t!Je last <lar of the ,·ear there were collfiucu m the prtsons or tlw State

7 :OS mak·s and 108 re;;mles, or :i tot11l of 846 prison<m.. These figures represent m1 increase of t 8 males, and a decrease of 4 lemnles oil the llllillber io prison on the first day of the year. The daily average nu m be•· of pl'isoncrs throughout the year was 868 (757 mules, and Ill females), a decrease· of \J in the males, <utd 4 in tl•e females, compnrcd witli the pre\·ious year. It is noteworthy that \Vhile a st(•ady increase has he en maintained in the population of th8 ~tate, there has hcPn a gradual decrcn;<<' in the prison population for many y!'ars pnst. A comparison with the .rear 1 !lOO re real.-; a decreaSe IU the daily !t\'Cl'age lllllllher of priSOIIClti fur J !110 of allii, 1tllU 11 decrease iu tl1e numb<>r of commitmenb to pl'ison of 2,62H.

The propol'tion of male ami ft•male prisolll'l'" respcctil'<·l:; to ea<·l• tlwusand of the population OH 31st December last l\'118 nules 1·13, ant! ft•malc•s O·J<i. On 31st Deeemher, 1 !JOO, the )ll'oportiou oi' prisoners tn (•ach tlwnsallll of the population was nmleo 1·58, fenmles 0·36.

The followiug tahle is of interest as showing the Ynriatiou year hy year in the estimated population of tlre State, and in the daily a1·crag·c nu m her of prisonPl'S and the proportion of prisoners to the gcueralpopnlation for the last twcuty years :-

l•:,;t1mntu! Jlnllj ,\I l>l':i~C

~ ~ r1· [""'i:::>l ol

'rrur. Popuhlio-, u! v~('l'~n,;e, XHmh•·r ,,f 1 n~mw•" In E~rnw,rul \"ier•H11\. Pr1~onLrij. ~

l •·pu.;ll.<>n, I - ~

-- ----· . ·······-· I --~----·· ······~---

J8rJI l, 1 )7,Sc+ '),fho ! J .ss 5 ... ' L_> 6t;'S9 1 '• . .,

If/gz J,I67,]/+ 9· )7° 1, )0) ;-;1 1 u, 6~6 ·; 4 • H I8i)J 11 l i+lO:t2 6,6+8 l,IJg; toS: ' to "'Jl'hi: ISg+ 1,17:f,lC4 '1,C:i;; J,6c~ 94 • 10 735'30 l~95 l,.d!!,76lj 2,66; 1,+1) 190 • IU av1·15 l'H)

t8g6 1,174,S.8S 6,&$t 1, 332 ,, • Le SS l"O) l"lj

1.397 l ;1 ;6,1.]& l,J5C l,2.17 Jl) • t<} 966"51 I 'Cj

ltlg8 '

1,175.+90 i+S 1,::1.79 62 <to 419'01 1'08

1399 I J,I61.,<)0d IZ 1)9d 1 ,J 1)7 82 • to 971')1 l'C)

l900 I I,!93,00d JC 1lCO t,l7J '4 • '" z,c17 ·os c·9S 1901 J,:<.c8,JOC 15,/0C J,J 39 J+ • lo l,C6i 'I I 0'91 1902 J,:W5,)IJ J,l.87 J, 110 '9 ' to 1 ,o%'o5 0'91.

1903 t,:wS,854 3,341 ·'· 1,039 7' 1 to I, 161 '4-li c·S6 '9"+ J 1210,JO+ 1,4)0 I,ot8 " • to 1, tSS•yo c·S4 li)05 I,218J571 B,267 1,034 •6 • I~ I, 178 ·:;o 0 ·8 ~ 1906 I,l.JJ,9!)8 1';},427 !.Q07 '7 • to t ,z:.ry'1'J c·Sr 1907 I, l :;8, qn :w,Lp. o•4 91 • lo t,J7G'_':2 0'73 JgoS t,2]j,J!J l ), l7 3 '9' 2] ' hl 1,429'08 (,'70 Hl09 L29:;',j;/ •q,:L}4 ;g,

" ' lf\ I,4fl'Sz 0'68 19!0 r,pf,)J4 y.tL)7 868 'l • '" I, 5Cfi"J) Q 66 ------------

• lilcn·a,.,, on Jll'f'\ in,:~,: (',tr.

Tlte total aJmissious to tire prisons for the Year, excluding tramfe1·s from gaol to ,gaol, W<'l'e .'i,2ii2 (4,029 males and 1,253 fetuale·;), of' whom 1,28') (1,033 malt'S anu 256 females) were eommitted fur trial, hnt nnt ;;uhscqucntiv eouvicted. The numher of individuals imprisoned was 4,()63 (1.131 male:; and ~32 fcmal(•s), 1t

decrease of 179:(129 males and 50 femal(·S) on the prececling year. Tlw 1wrcentages of prisoners admitted more than once were, t11ales 19·84 and females 3'<l'tlll. There were received 6 times 10 males nnd 11 females, !J Htalcs and 7 females 7 times, 3 males and :: femal<·s 8 times, 2 males and 2 females ~ times, 1 male ami 1 female l 0 times, 4 temales 11 times, 1 female 12 tirues, ami 2 Jcmales U times.

A2

4

Ot ·W jun·nilt• otH,>Hle•·s ( H m:d~,.; and ~ kn~:d<••) •conrieted ,mtl lee<Ci,·ed clurinD; the _I' Par, I:, (I+ males and I female) wPre t,rnll,fi'JT('d to refornmtm·ips nnder sectiol1 :-J;-~,8 of the Urimes ;-\.et. In the retnainin~: eases, Pither the shortuc;;s of senten<·<', m· the tt1et tl~:1t the term of impriso11ment wa., tt•rmina hle hv the payml'nt of :l fiH:.; inL~:;sed Jn~ tlw Court;-;, oe tlte ]H"isonet· was o\·er aac, rnndercd such transfer

' .- "' impmctieahle. [n I!):!~), I:! .i u re nib; were tr.msff'l'l'Cd fwm gaol to reformatories, and of t.hi,.; number (j are repOt'ted to he doing· well ; I is still in a ret(mHatory, and in the othet· err~e"'\' re-port~ are nut sntisfilf'.tory.

During: the triennin! period lliH6-7-8, 127 pl'isoners wen• <lisdJarged to fi·eedom frmu the Spe<'ial !)j,·i~ion, l'entridg,•, and up till tl1e end of 1910 onlv 11 of the numlwr had rt>lapilNl iut.o crime. Tht> Special Division is pmctirally the Reform~tory Division of th<• ['..~!ml Estahlislmwnt. nml earefnl iuquiries an• inade into a prisoner's autecC'dt'nts iJeJ()re he is da><,itied '·special." The ]H'i:mm•rs of this divioion are kept npart from all other~ at la hour, at <•xorei.,c, at •h·i!l, and in school. Closeh· allied to the ~pecial \li,·isiou is the Hostmint Divisinn, eonsi,;tin;.;; of otl'Pmll•rs of not so promising 11 type as those classed special, lmt f{w wlwm intercour,;c• with tl1c genernl class of prboners is consid,,i·od nn<le,,irablo. The " !{e,-;traint<," like the "Specials," form a cla;,; hv thcmseh·e.;, and from time to time their cases are revit'\Ved to determine the titn<'SS ;·,f anY for tl1e Spt•(•.ial lJivi>ion. A prisoner wli(J lH'O\'C~ his unfitness for the Speeia! Ui,·ision nUl~' he plileNl in the HPstraint Division. Tl1e results attending the special tre:ttlnent and elassifieation uf tho:sP two di1·isions of pris01w.rs have been eminentlv ~atisfnetorL

Of tl1e 6, 7611 ]n·isonet'.l dealt with dnring the :·ear, 59 pet· ee11t. were horn in Vietorh, 11 per cent. itt oLhe1· Austmlian Stateo, and :!9 per cent. in places ontc:ide the CnttLnO:J\F'>tltiJ. Tltirty-thn'e pet· eent. of the m1mher were nndel' 30 yeal'.'i of age, :<:i per ceilt. hf'tw(•en 3<1 and 4,\l rc:tl's of age, and 40 per cent. were 40 ~'e:n·s of age and npw~nk Sixty-one per cent. of the pt·isotwrs came to gaol with sentences uttdcr one mouth.

The f(Jllowing table shows tlw number of pl'isom•t'S <·onl'ictecl and received in each yem· for the past ten years and the percentage of those who had lweu previously eonYiett<d. It will be ohs<•rvecl thflt a su hstantial u<'crease I ills taken place in the numhcr of offeader-; committed to prison on first conviction and that tht< pe1·ccntnge of the pl·ev:oac;l r condctecl has inereased, the percentag·<' lwinu: nmt'h hig·ht·r on the side of t!a; !i;nules t.lmn the males. The statisti<'s are intPresting in rit·w ut' the deerPase that hn-< taken place in the prison population, ami a-; tlt<• ];Ci'eentage of prisoners \Yith six: eonviet.ions and npwanl~ is eonsidembh· higher than in the east• of those with one or two prior convictioHS1 t!w infereuee i~ that the nmnafitcture of et•imiunls i~ not cleyeloping proportiomttelr to the inct'l'ase in th<' gen<•ral popnlatiou, hnt that most ofl'euders he long to the ineorrigihle elnss :-

F<;r ye:u· ('JHlctl Jn;!l DecemhBr­f9jl

l9<J;:.

l<JOJ 190-}

l!r·3 Jgc6 !907 1y~S

1 9"9 t:;to

... '

... '

!'i:Jm!Jer Cu:1dr:ted ;\!:.;

li«c~·iv,.,,l.

I

:.Itth ~ : l•'cnwlcJ. +,6G+

! 1,449 I ,tSS 1109+

],.7)1- 1 1 G72

l ,1+7 1 ,1~6

I, iSJ 9+3

l' 1 ))

::,')12 9t)fl

:-

I

l'rr-::ent::a.,:c o! 1h(,£e wil!l l.:A hN·.n pre,·lrrn;,.l_v 1;i<>11\ idkJ.

Onr-f!.

)I,,lc·s. i 1"\'<ll<•k-t, I) '63 i 14 ·67 ' p (i-;-

I ~- s9 l t '4t 11 '3) 11'-fO i It. )6 1]"10

ll't)+

9'71 8 '9;>.

ll "!3 8·:;8 7'8+ 5 "98 • '9 S·fig 8 (; ~

Twice anJ Crw~r<h.

1\of,J~~- J~tJ,mtle\1'.

4-7'51 G9·o1 46·S:~. 6-f'\;4 ~2'J+ 71.. s 7 5 r 'S+ ;6·36 Sl'H 76 'J I H'S8 Ke·A 58 ·s L ;8·2S 51 ·z 3 7l.'J2 51')2 ? ~ ·6: )J'JH ;s·r,

!ti.>:t-~. F!!m;o:e;~,

1,812 ]08

I ,666 31-t I ,J2:J 176 I, 335 1 5n '• +9 3 1 t: 3 1,2~ 0 1 s)

i I,I;3 160

!,2.5 5 £;'{)

r,c57 t:S. 1 ,c1 3 •+6

Herprenee to the •·•hll'<ttional tahle ~hows that 96 per e<>nt. of the prisoners were able to t'ClHl anti wl'ite. l'risoue•·s at PentridD;c under the ag-e of z;'i who ean neither read nor write, and those who have not attained to the'~ 4th class standard. arc n•qni,·pd t1> attt'ml sehon! twieP <lrtil\'. The dailv average nttendauec at school last ve'~'· was ;)fi. The prisDn<'t's take a ·de Pp interest 'in thci~ h•ssons, and evince a desire t•> llnpron; th<·mselvo;. There are instnnc<'S of cmnpn1·at.in;h· receut dntc of voutw mc:n wh1> eonU n;?ither rNd nor \\'l'ite on rec••ption into pri.,o;1 ltcino· able to d<) h•>th he fore theil' re leas(', ami l1y rlosc attention to their lesson.; ha vin:.t n;;de ('Ollllllendahlc pngn•,;s iu the >chool enn1culum. '·~

The general lwnlth of the primuers lms hct•u Yery good, and the year lms heen mnrk<'<l hy immnnity from epidemic and n low pt't't•ent:tgc of seriou;; cases of illness. Ont. of 11 total dail.,· avcntge of868 prisont'l'S in thf' gaols, tht· daily ll\'emge nu m her in hospitnl wns o11ly 42, and more than lwlftltis uu: •. h,·r were in tlte Gcelong Gaol, which is pt';tctically an inn1lirl st:~tion. [lpwanls of ;:;)'I c:Jscs tn•re committed to gnol for medical tre:Jtmpnt awl oh'!'t'Yation. Tlw Govet·nmcnt ;\ledieal Officer lms • fi·mn time tn time brought urHlPe noliee cas:_-s of pdsonPl'S n•maw1ed to gaol who Wf't'e oln·imt.slv in m•c<l of imnwdi:tte nwdical trcatmeut. whi<·h couhl IJ('st ],e o-iven them in a pnl)lie' hospital, amllws point<·d out that tltt• pr:H·ti<·e of S<'llding :it!l'h ~·ases to p:aul for tn•atnwnt i;; unJ'air to the prison autl1oritil's n11d n lumlship to tlH' inui\·idnal. The gaol lwspit:d ;, not equipped n~ a public h'"'pit:Jl, and it is d<'plomble that a person wl1o has eommittl'd no crime, hut who, lt>l' his own prot0etion pnssihh·, is taken charge of hy thl' polin•. and is obviously in IH'ed of medical skill, should have to go to u:nol in o1·der to reeein.:. the ne1·essarv trt'atllH.-·nt. u 'flten: \\ere nine dcatbs duririg the yf'ar, and in each case the health of tht' prisotH'l' was hnd on l'I'!'Pption. Two of thl' deecasNl Wl'rt' mH·on virtcd ]Wrsons.

In 17 ('asPs ( 12 mal<"S nod ;, females) relt•9se from custody was ohtained hy special anthorit\· in order that the pri,;<mers might he admitted to !'hal'itable institu· tions, removal from prison lwing considered dt:sirablt• in each '''"e hy >'eas•m of ut!vaneed na:e and infi>•tnitv.

Tl'a;lstc•l'll to Hospitals t(>r the• lmane numhet·ed 19 (13 malc•s and (j ft>males). In 17 of the cases the mental disorder originated prior to reeeption into prison, am] in the othc·r 2 till' disease wa> of sniJsc•qneut dt·vt'lopment.

The total expenditure for 1910 ti11· tile maintenance and e.ontrol of prisoners, and fen' storPs pnn·lutsed on act·ount ofthe mnllnfactun·s at Pentrid~!' for pf'nal and gaol pm·1wses onl.v W;lS £;j·l,5~fH 5,;. 6d. Ill 1 !):)!) tile' total epcnditme amou11ted to £~~1,34.5 l 3>. ~hi. The increase of last year is aeeonnted l()!' in the larger supphes of r~nv nmtet·ial tnu·ehased for Imlnnfucturing ptn·po;-;ps, the expenditure on wool alone being npmmls of £700 in exeess <)f thr previous yl'~l'.

The gross co't pt•r head of the prison population was ,L1R 4H. 8d., and the net cost £40 18s. :l<l. In L!IOU the gross and net cost were r\'S]Wetively £[)6Os. 3tl. anti £37 9s. TIH" increas!' here is, of !'Olll'>l', due to the hig·lier P.'<pP>Hlitnl'(:, as explained ahoYc, ami also to tlw slightly lowet daily a\·eragt> mnnher of prisooers. ln arriYing at the net cost per hc·a<l l't'l'dit is tal<en f(w the ,·,dn!' of tiw prisut>C'r's l:lhunr in wm·k perfOJ:nwd for other Dl•pnrhncnts, and in tl11~ Jll:llltiliH'tlll'<e of dothing·, took furnitnr<', &e., tor the J't•nnl l!t•parlm!'nt's us2.

Tl1e adnal msh ren•in•d in r<.'tnrn for Q'O<h:s sold was .£9.581 13s. 5J .. of which sum .£5,!!0:3 8s. Hd. w>B repaid to the Stores Vote fnr materials n,;ed in the ;namt!hc­tnrl' of tln· goods sol< I. ;UJd £1l.9i'S 4s. 8d. was paid into reYetme on a~eount of prison labour.

THE INDETERm~ATE SE~TENCE.

Tlw following extraet frnm :>n expositiou of tl1e indC'tenninat(• scntencp by an A_meriean pri~on nffii·ial of wide pxperience nwy he enlightf•ning: :-

"The fnnJ:mwutnl prin1·ipl,, is not thnt pnni,dnnent should he rnn<l,• to fit tlte ernne, hut that it sl1onl!l llt' made to fit the 1 riminnl. 1 ie is intprisonecl. primarily, not for doin~< what lw did, hut t'or hein~.r wlwt lw Wil!S. i'lHe otfcnc0 eotHmith•d hv l1im may ot' lli:I,Y not indkatc his clun·aet('l'. He nmy fw i1n· better tlmn hi, deed ; ht· lll'l.V

he tiu· 1\'o:·se. llis eritne shows me]'(:lv his nufitness to be free. l :nder the inrJr,ter­minate sentence the attention of' the pi·isoner nu< I of the St:lte is Jixl'd upon the future. The ddhtite sentence says to him~' Yo" have ln·.,k<•n a law. You must he intpri­s•>~Je!l five }<'Hrs. 1 on will he relea;;ed at the end of that time, regardl(',:s of your tharntLet·.' The. indeterminate Se!llerwt> sayt< to l1im~' Ynu nn: irnpt•isoned heeaus~ ,YOlll' violation of tlte lnw has shown iliilt you nrl' unlit to l"' frl'l'. You must remain in lll'isonuntil yollt' dtameter d~;tng<•s, \VIwn it has elliliU,;ecl, antl has h<'<'ll leste1l (when yon have h<'eomc iitfor lill!'rty), you will he reJ,,ast•tl, mu] not hcf<JrP.' Under n retributive seut;·m·e he mean:.; to 1nake no d\(;l't, mPatal or m:<ml. lle will he rule::u•;Pd at a gin_•n time ·without it. Tht• s<>ntPJH~l' t{w n•ifwnl<Itinn <·ompPls the st•vel'f'St l'ltort, hut tlw compul.sion is i'I'Unl within the pri,onl'J', not frolll without. It ineites his amhition bv nil appeal to mw of ti<t' stronc;e;,t of nil nl<Jlives-tht• Ion• of lihnty. 1t fo,Wrs independt'fl<'<' all<! ,,.]l'-rl'li:tlll't: hv makin;' t'\'l•rythill;,: depend on himself. It cultivates {{n•t\thougllt and t(n·rsighL nud mnkcs sti'U;U.'glP lcs.o;; irk .. ·.mne hy att:1:·i1ing· n

6

reward to it. Prison discipline thus ceases to he a restraining force, and becomes an impelling- one. The co-operation of the pri,;oner, witlwut w!Jieh nothing can be aecomplishcd, is secured in most cases sooner ot· Inter, and the deoired end is accom­plished."

For lon14 there was m nth opposition to the indeterminate prineiple, 1JUt at tl1e • Intemational Prison (\mgrci's h('ld at \Vashington last .rear, at which representatives

fmm most Europe>tn Swtes attended, the principle, whieh was rl:jected at lornl('l' Con· gre~ses, was thorong·hly delwted for tln·ce days:, when the follcrwiug l"Psu1utions were udopted :--

.. The Congrl·~.'l npprove'i the seientilic principle of the indeterminate sentence." " The indeterminnt" seutenee should he applied to mental and moral

t!efecti n•:-:. '· "The imleterminnto sentence should also be applied as an important part of

the reformatory system to criminals (particularly jnvcuile offender,:) who require reformation. and whose uft'enees are rlne ehietlv to dt·culllotanc('S of an individual ehantctcr."' '

.".The introduction of this system should be conditional upon the following cuppostttons :-

1. That the prevailing conceptions of guilt nml punishment :tre compatible with the prillciplt• of the indeterminate scnt<'nce.

2. That an individnalized treatment of the offender he assured. 3. That the lloard of Control on conditional relea:;e h<• so constituted as

to (•xr·lnde all outside inflnen,·es, anti consist of a commission made np of at least one representative of the prison administration, nt le<H't one rcpres··ntnti1e of the ma~istraey, and at lea€t one l'PJn·csentative of tncdieal seiente."

1 he l:ltcst ennetmcnt nflc.•cting- criminals in England is the Pl'tventinn t:if CTimes Act 190R, tliHkr Part I. of which oft'endees hetwccn 16 and 21 years of age, or persons sper:ificd hy the Sccretnr.v of State np to the age of~:~, lll!lJ be sel<tenced to J.oteuti'm inn B>r.wtl Institution for a ter.n of n:Jt le'; than nnP nor :no re than three yc•ars. Borstal lm;titutions nre dPfined as pine·<•-; in whi..!1 young otl"c-ntlers whilst tk•taiued may\,., gii'('Jl such industrial tmining-and otlwr instl'llction, and he suhjectcd to such discipliwu·y aud 1noml intlm nees a' will con duce to their reformation am! the prevention or ct·ime. Every PL'I·.··\(_)Jl ~ellh::'!lt.:Pd to d(=-t.cntion in a Borr.tal I nstitnt.ion remains for a furtl1er period of six months nntler tlw sapervision of the rrison Colll­mis~donHrs.

Power is !.ii>en to the Prison Commissioners to tmnsf(or with tlu: .~pprcwal of tht• S'eretary of Stale a pri,cmcr within the limit' uf age fro1n prison to a Borstnl ln:-,titution ; a.lso to dl":icll:u'g("' an oft(mder ou licence at any tiine after the expiration of ;.ix months of di•t<'nt;ou, or iu the case of a female three months, on condition that he he placed under the snpe1-vision of a society or person. A per,;nn reported h,v the Visiting Committee to he incorrigible may have the residue of his term commuted hy the Secretary of ,')tatc to one of imprisonment, which shall not exceed the uuPxpired r~sidue of Lhe term of detention.

Under i'nrt Tl. of the Ad a person found to he 11n habitual criminal may he senteneed to preventi 1·c det<'ntion fo1· a term not <'Xeeeding It'll nor less than lh-e ~·ears in arlditilln to a term of penal 't'rvitnde.

An habitual criminal is a person who is limnd hy the jury to have hPen at least three times previously convicted, and to he leading pet·,ist"ntly a dishonest or criminal ! : ~) .. ~~~c.

Any person senteneed to ]WeVl'lltivc d<•tention ma.v appeal to the Court of Criminal App(;a\.

.A person undergoing a sentence of f1 v0 year~ penal serviuule or np\'ntrds uwy, at'tee completing th1·cc• y<'at·s of the t<'rm, have the msidtH' of the seutcnee commuted hy the S::eeetary of State to one of pt·evcntil-e det<•ntiou.

Conditions of pc11al Sl'rdtudc apply to persous UIJ(!Prgoing ]li'CI'entil·e detention snbjet"t to sneh lll'lditieutious iu t!te dirt•ction of a }t;~<;s rigm·ou~ t1·eatment as the Sccrd<Ll'Y of titatc mn.Y preserilw,

Power is given to the ~•?cretary of Stnte to ~t·t apart any pd~;on or pal't of n prism1 for persons n'lder\j"ning prcn•ntive ddention ; to appoint a Bo:m! of Visitors for every such pri.•·HHI so set rtpart ; nnd to diselmrg~ prismwt•.s on lict•IH'P.

(

The Secretary ot State may at an) tnne discharg<: on lieel!ce a person under­going preveative detention if the:·e is a reasomtble prohnbility of his :;hst lining frotn crime and leading a useful and industrious lifP, or if he is no longer capable of enO'ao·ing· in crime.

!!" e . In the State of Kew Ym·k, the law requires the Conrls to imp•JSe an imletel'lui·

natr• sentence t(n· all. first ft'louiPs punishable hy imprisonment in a 81-lte prism•, with, u.s a maximum, the tu:1ximmn tl·t·m tlmt might he awarded tor the crinw. Aftel' four convictions of felony, the indeterminate sentence is gin:n with a maximum of lile.

ln th~ State of l\Iassa.chusetts, the Courts, when sentencing a prisoner to the State prison, must fix a minimum and maximllln teJ'Ill of imprisonment. If the offender is an hahitnnl eriminal, i.c:., one who lms twice lJcf(H·e btK'n !!onvi•·ted of telonv and sentenced to teJ•tns of three years end:, he may he: sentenced to the Stntc priso;1 for a term of twenty-five years. IIabituals can he rel~ascd only I>J the Gon:mor and Council.

The limits of age for detention under an indetNminatc st'utmwe in the refor­matories of the above 'starc·s are •·espedivt"lv 16 and 30 and lli and 40, nml the inde­tet·minate sentence rn;w not exceed in <lul'ation of tim:: the nwxinmm term nf imprisomneut I(Jr the crime of which the pri.,oner has bct:n c·om·ieted.

In New Zealand the IIaMtwtl Criminal.< rwd OJJi•nders Act l f!Oii empuWCI'S a .ludg"t; to declare a person to be nu habitual criminal :nul to ord<•r his detention in a refl1rmatory prison <luring the Govemor's pleasure. A pt•rson dealt with on sum­mary convietion may he bmnght. before a Judge of the "nprenw Cmu·t, wl10 may uedare him tn he an habitual otfc·ndet· ami ordc1· his dc•tention in a reformatory prison during the Go>cmot.-s ple:J·nn·e.

lJ nder the Crime.< _l/J1f'JI(llllent Al'l 1910 a p<'t'son e!ln\·iekd on indictment may he order<•d hy tlw .Jn.!::;c to hp tlt-tainPd in prison fin· n•I<H·mative pul'i'"S''S l{w auy period not exceeding ten _n•ars, in addition to any sentt'nre thnt may he• imposed for the crime.

ln like mmlllCI' summary e<mvietion may iudmle relill'nl:l!ive detention fol' any period not exrec'ding tht·ee .'ears.

Provision is 111:ule till' tlw eonstitution of a Prison.s B.Janl. c.msisting- of not less than three not• more tlJHn H<'H'Il persons, one ofwholll slwll he a .Judge of tlw SnprPme Court, who ;;lmll, e.c offiriu, he the l'rPsidc•nt of tl:l' l!oard.

l t is a duty of the Boanl to iii<Jilin• from ti:ne to tinw wlwti:N an,\' hahitnal eriminal or lmhitu:d oft\•mfcr or any pPrsou uwlt·r n·lonuatin; detention is sufficit'ntfy ref(n·med to he released on prolmtion, and to make n;comtm'ndntions IH'<'onlingl,'·, ami onec in cn;l'y year to consider thl· case of evc•·y sneh person with a dew tn making any such recommendation.

1 ude1· this amending A et <•very pl'ison is dcemeu to he a reformatory 1" ison within the meaning and for the purposes of the .Aet of HWG.

ln .New t'lonth \Vnlcs the llrluitrr~l Criminul~ Act 190·, lll'OI'ides for persons dedarerl to he hahitnal criminals !wing detained dn•·ing His .\lnjesty's pleasure iu somA place of confinement set npnrt hv the Governor by proclamation for tl:at pur­pose. Bueh pet·sons on t'Cknse arc >'C<(uirecl to report their address and O<'cnpation qna.rterly to tl:e police for a ]l<'l'i01l of two .'·l'ars.

The regulations provide for the eonst•t•Jtion of a Con:;ultative Committl'e consisting of the ,~isiting offiel'l'S aud t.he go\·et·nm· of the prison, the visiting ju:;tice heing the president. The committee meets <jU:U'te•·ly for t1w pmvose of <'onsidering the case of each prisoner in llf!eordance with the rC'gnlatious.

In South Austr>Jlin the Hahitual Crirnimds Ameudment Act 1907 I(Jllows \'1'1'\'

closdy upon the liues of the New South \Vales Hahitnal Criminals Act. " In Tasmania the Ha/Jituol Ot·iminrds arul Offl:nder.y Act U>07 t(Jllows very

closely on the line; of tile :\ew Z"alaml Habitual C1 imitutl.< awl O.ffimde!., .. A et 1906. Any person detn.iued as an habitual ni m in a I or habitual ofl.end<"l' during tl:c Go vemor' s pleasure may nppk t>l the i:lnprPnw Court or .Judge tht't'eof lin· n. t'e<·nmm<"n•lation lor relcllse, and the J uug<· m· ('om't, after making inquiries, if satisfied that the prisoner is enf!icicntly reformed, or tlwt thei'l' is other !i.:OO<I and sutlicient reason for rPiensc>, Ill:l,Y lllflke a rel'l\ll!lrielldation to { li, J<:HeiJenc·): af'('Ol'rlingJy.

Reporting on t],p rel\mnatmy prisons and institutions which hC' risitcd in Eumpc and Arrwricn d:u·ing 190!J, irlr. C. A. Topp. the Chairman of tlw Imlt·kr­minatc 'lentcnee.; B":ml, 'btes that ill 110 conntn that he 1·isited ha<! tl1e indeter" ntiuate Kentt•uct· ht·en giYPn ~o Pxh·udt>d Htl opera1:ion w~ HtH.lHr onr law. Jt will be noticed thnn tlw fot'<'going p:ntic:nlars that ill other Australian States the in<letel'minate

8

SE'nt0nee is appli0d to hahitual ~riminals only, and thcl lt>gislation in this respect is l'er.v sin1ihr. Victo:·i:t is th;, onlv St:tt" wlH'l'<' t.!.e law empower·., the infliction of an indet:•rmin:ttc sentence on the first offender as Wi•\1 as on the luthitunl criminal, tlwug·lr tire pow<:r has been \'e>·y rar·plv exPreisPd in thll f(n·m('l' c·ase, owing no doubt to the ah-;cnce of n pt'OJ>Prly-cqnipped reformatory prison. The Victm'inn Act is the only measure tlmt providr's for the nppointnwnt of n Board with certain defined duti<'s, thougl• in New Sonth \Vales a Consultative Committee lms heen appointed, consisting practically of prison officia.k In each State a prisorwr releas<:'d on probation is require<! to report to the police once in CI'NI' three months for a JWriod of two years, The• minimum age for n person to he dealt with under the Victori11n Act is sevpnteen \'ears. lu the otl1e•· States there;, no H£1'" limit in the IIahitnal Criminals Acts. The Victoria:~ .\et provides for the surPrvisiuu hv prohation ofikers of first offenders n•le:t,ed hy the Cotn'ts ou reeop;nisanc(•, und thns 1\'e have here adult ]ll'Ohrrtion, in addition to the juvenile proi.atior1 wrll'i< carried on under tfie ChildrPn\ Courts Act ..

( )n the abt f leccmlJCr l;ht therP were 3!) pri•onerH detained under iruiC>ter­minate sentence. \Vith the exceptinu of two who werP connnitte,] dir·cct from Court to he det tined during: th::> Go\'eruor'H plca•nr<', the ,I' hnd nil f'ompletcd delinito sentences before arriviwr nt the IndetE:_lt'Ininntc st"'tcYe. Sev(•u of the nnrnher were

~ ~

contlncd in the ( 'astlemainc RPt(mnatory I 'ri;;ou, I!) in I. he portion of the Pentridge Penal E'tahlishment set apnrt n• n rel(mnator·.v pri~,m, ;m cl 7 in a portion of tho F!·twt!e Prison similarly proelaimt•tl. Montlil.v visits arc paid to c•adt of these pri.-;ons hy the lndf'terminnte Sf'ntcnee;; floal'd. No hahitnal el'iminnl h:ls so far heen reloasetl on 1wohatinn. hut 1i imnates of tltt~ Castlemaine H('formabwv Prir.;ou h:Hi heen e.on,. ditinJulil· lihc. atc•d, on 1he Bo;ml's ret'Ollllllf'tHlation, np to th~· end of last y<'ar, and Wet'(' reported to he doing welL Scn•n other inln:l((•s had heen set a.t lih0rty from the prison on spe,.inl nuthority. .

The Victorian law seems to me to opemte Vf'l',l' harshl.1· in some instane('s in mgard to those who are dt'darNl to he' lrahitnal criminab. Any Judge of the Snpremc Conrt, or Chairman of a Cont·t of GenNal Se~siono of the Peat'<', may deelnrc mn· lWl'"Oll over the ap;L' of 17 year,;, who hm• lwcn convicte<1 of an indietthle ·•fii•nt;t', and ha" he<'n t.wieP previously eonl'ided of :my indictRhle offence, to he an habitual ct·imin:Il. The jH'ri'mt·d I''Jllati· u is here allow<'d too gn•at latitude in tl•e lmmding ot' a fellow nwrtal with n st.i!d;lllll he ma,v not lHtve mrned. A zealous constable may find it. easier to testify that a tr"uhle,.;onw man is persistenth· IE':Hling a dishonest and et'iminallife tl•an to con1iet him of expre,.;s violntions of the lt1w. It would he ns unrcnsonrrhle to as.mme that aclmission to the police foree iB a sure ~uar•antee of JWrf't-ct reliability as to condud<• that initiation into freen•nsonry •·onfers an :thsolntt• a"sumnep oi' n1oral ('Xt'eliPtH:c: and wm·th,v <'itizcnship. ThPre is ever a llllllOrit,v of IIOHconf.mnists. Tlw nthw of testimony is pt·opottionnte to the oilser\'ation, rnemoryl and eouseieneP of thf' witne:-~s, :1n<l these qualitieK vrrry even In policemen.

The following illustrations will show that the lnw opcratt>s in a mannor I fet'l sme was nor; foresN'll by Pnrlinnwnt. The ti1·st person to emne into the reformatnr,v prison as a clcclared lmhitnnl was a yonllg' mnn only 23 v0ars of age, whose former S<'nten<'es ;mwnnted to two \'<'fll'l'l and a half. A second had done o'u!_v n year, n thin! n \'em· mHI Pleven months; and a fou1·th less tlutu nine mouths. "\.noth::r tnan !),~ years of nge luul uudcrgnne only two yenr)'): imprisonrncnt prior to being tleel;lrt.•,Jan hahitual criminal.

A en se recent!\' committed nft(mls n mort' r·emllrkahle illustl'ntion of the opemtion of tlre prese.nt lnw. Towards the end of h.st ,near a ,vmm,g man wa' arrested antl charged with nine offenr·"·'· some of which Wl're <lc>Jlt with in Dccemhet'. and the remainder in Febt'Uill'V of this I'Cill'. ile received sentence'S aggrt•gadt;g six years' imprisonment, :tuLl 'the .ludg·e · hefol'f' whou~ he nppem·ed in Fchrn<ll'l' dcdarPd him to be an habitual criminal. ThP cJns,ifi<·ation mnv b(• corn'ct. but, ha;ing rc•gard to human t;t!libility, it. seems an extmordinnr·y cours;, to tnke i~ dew of tile lad, who i< only twenty yenrB of ag(•, not ltn I' in'S been actunlly imprisoned at all prior to hi,; arrest on tile charges for which be wa" convicted in December last. it has the appc:m·rmce of pronouneint:: a man inc:nTigihle without making any att<?mpt to correct him.

It mav he said that the leng-th of sent<?nces i" not an ah,olnte Btandanl of crimiwllity an,v more than the passing of examinations is a criterion of literary eminence. but it seems to me that in so se1·ion< ''matter as is iuvoh-ed in the <lecln.rn.­tion of any persm1 to be an habitual criminal, the nwre hnmnn fallibility is safeguarded

by ulllthematiral limit" the Je,s the aHwunt of iujuotirP that \\ill he <lone. I would tlwrefure lll";.!.ll thnt ti1P In\\ he nme>Hll'd to }'l"ll\ ide that uo per,on can lh" placed in tllis ahlw1Ted (~:tb',:2:ory unh·s:". tile previous ::entenees serYed Iwve ~1ggrt:gntcd teiJ1 or1 ttt. least, <Senm yeat:,.;, an•l tit.tt. nn,Y at pn:sent e,mfin~·rl emnlng witllin the limit he forth­with released on pmhatiua. l rm:1ld alst> suggest tlmt wl!Cn there ha.s been an intcrv1\ 1 of flve years het\\'("Pil the discluu·ge from gaol a.nd a fresh off<• nee the p!'i11r conrietion:-; shnJi lie eountvU as Ollt' {()1' the purpo,-5es or the Imletertuinate SenteHCl'S Aet. \\'ith the imh·t!'nuiuate se.>l<·n~e looming· ahead this mnv l,e an ineentive t<~ s11ne men to cultivate a better hab>t. than that Dfcrime. ·

Aunth(•r gr;tve dd(·et in the lnw whieh j,; ap;gmvntc<l hy tlw latitnue gin•n to tl,e trilmuul" is the wanl of nuiformity. .Judges, likt• tloelol'o, <litf(,r, thoug:h not to th<' s;tHW extent, a:-; they an~ uot :-:-;o mnncrous. Une may takt· a gPIWl'Olls ricw: wl1il.:: llll otlwr may he di,pos(•d tu harshness. The illustmtions gin n in<liente that in those pnrticnlat instaW'{\H the lrnv ha..; /;(•en given a very narrow interpt·etation. The dnnger of din.)rHity iutlli;.:, rP.speet has ht•t:Jl mnt~h diwi11L-,h(•J uwlet· tlw Englisl1 lnw hy 111:1kiug tl1e llj>proval oft he Dircetorof l'uhlic l'nlst·cntions a conditi'm ]H"CC<'dent to theindict­nwnt of any p0rson as an lw1itnal eri<ninal. Perhaps when a li\;c oltieial i,; app"int<·d here the smne responsibility may loe intrnstNl to bim.

A~ to ti1e treatment of tLc l>ahitun1s, tht• uwn. h(•ing l"lldicals, clnmonr for reform, hnrping on the <lc>ignatioa of their place of eOll~lli'llwnt. l'nd1'1' tile regula­tions thuned by the flmn·d, the prisoners m·e <li1·ided into three elas,;cs, and they <'xpett sep~mte workshops ami n:ercnt.ion r<wms tor l'lleh cla,s, hLtt if tb" law he amended tn insur<' the admission of llll<JHestionahle hahitnals there should he a eonsc· quent nm(_•nthueat of th(_• regubtiuns. ln any ens;..· th<' provision to he ntado in the way of ac,·omnwtlation is a !Hatter f,;r the Government to <lPtermim•.

SEPA!L\TE CQ;\FlN.K~m:\'T.

Sepmate ('onlinl'meut in p1·i.,on luls f•·t'<Jnentlv !wen ;Hh·ers<"ly eritieis~:d, thong;h tlw English PrisoH Cnnllni"imJCi"S and otlll'rs, who slwnhl he hest. <Jlllllitied In judge, n·wn·d it as one of the fl!lHimnental prineiples of HHH!cm prison treatment. \Vir!> the indi.>eriminatc h~rding tog-etlwr of all ,ort.s and eonditinns of eriminab, the hope nf redmnation in >tny individ\lnl eases wns l"P<luccd to a minimum. whereas the ~epnm­tion of the cnmble during their term of" iHrprisonment slwuld l'<:nuer tl>f' 1·isk of •·ontamination as .<;mall as possible.

Bf'tweeu the passing of the J'tJnrd Servilr'dti Act 1851 ntHl the ennctnwnt of the /'rison Art l8UR eve•·y prisoner in English gaol,; had to spend the Hrst nine mouths of l1is scnh'n<'t' in cellular eonfinement. ln"lH98 the period was rednecd to six months, lll!U in l!JO.'i to three months, whil<e last year, the question of scpnratt' confinement heing again e{lnsidered, it was rler·ided that the period shall he thrcr• n•onths for "Recidivists" Pnly, and one month fi1r first offendcr3, snl>ject to such exceptions as admiulstration,_ nccessit,·. or convenience max demand.

The Prison Con~'tuissiouer~ statt> th;tt .th(· s£<parnte systt•m, as a prPHminary of a sentence nf p<:tml sen·itnde, menus that. f(H" purposes of lah Jtu" a pri"1ncr shall not hP associated with other prisonPrs, tlnrl that he shall rJccnpy his cell h1· da1· lh WPll ao l>y night for ~~ ecl'[ain pe.riod of tint<', heiHg all<mt•<l •·grcss for r·hapel, cxcrrise and s~lroo1iug, with eonstant superYbion of hi..., ln.houl', ,vltieh is cnn·ie1l on in tlH• t't.Jl. O•·iginnlly the sp;h•m was adopted entirely with re>garJ to its ref(wmat•>ry value, i.1·., the ,;eclusion of :t man fnnn t·nmpanions who nlight. cot-rnpt, and the opportunity for reflection and exh(n·tatiou wl1if'l1 it gnvt'. Later, mnn\ stn•ss rnnw to hP laid on its pennl nr detert'ent n~pect nnd on tfi{·se grounds it \Hts ~pf•einJiy n!eomnH'ntk~d hy the Hoyal ( ~mutni~;.;lon ut I()()(} a"' an E'i;;~t:'Btial of penal servitude. The ullPgrttion"' nuule that eellnlar t·oufiuc~ment extendin[.; !_l\'(•r :1 period of nin<> mo11tlH.; imp:dred a l11fm

mentallv an<l physically lwvc uot heell ,nhstautiated. In tlw .\'imdeenth . Ce11tury t<•r .J:wna•·y, 1 (IlL Si•· Edward Clayton, late

Inspector or L'rL·mns, and SC'tTetary .. to the_> Prison Cmmni...;,i,m, in an nrtlcle on p1·Json t\'form, c1·itiei.>in2: ,.,., . .,,! decisinns of :\11-. \Vin.,ton l.'hnn·l>ill on the suhj•·ct, states thnt he h:t..; ll'l l!~:l!Jitation iu .~nying· that thl_.. aholirioa o;' a long period of :-:wpnratr­<·<nHn<·lliC'nt fnr the proft•soimul ni>nin;t\ lilt> mhl~<·d pt"n:ll '<'l'\it.ude of one of it3 nwst dl·telTPnt fitetor~ nnd m.ab\s tlH· ~hot t ~Pnt('li('PS- uow .f.!'('JH•rn!lY awanlul lnore futi1P t!1!Ul en;r for de:1linsr wi1 II thi..: dnngPron~ (·h·~. ~\t t!tv ::;alltl·· tinw, tlw t'educ~ t.ioll ha" 1·ohht·d tl"' better ebbs of t·onrirt of' tlmt period of solitu<le 11 lrieh t>nahles the

10

higher side of personalit.v to assert itself, and often with permanently good effect--of those quil't hours of the first few weeks of impl"isomupnt <lnriug w!.ieh seed mny IJ<· sown with some ehanec of germination.

In Belg·inm. which is said to he the !.mm• of the separate sy.-;tem, a prisoner is kept in i .. <olation throughout n sentence of ten yt>arr<, hut is not subject to the same restrictions as in Yietorinn prisons·- the e<:lls are I r: feet hy lO feet, hcing mu eh largl•r thau those prodded here.

In Peunsylvauia thP separate system has he<'H in opemtion since the foundation of the Eastern State l'enitentiar.v in 182~. Anoffiel'rof:l7 ,V<'•H·s'experience held that the separate ><ystem was the only philo~ophieal mt>tlwcl of treating people convicted of erime. It guaranteed that a· man ,hotdd ,1/jo out as good as l;e came in. Tht>re was no prison treatment that wonld l'eelaim a 111a11 on bide of' iudividnal treatment.

In New South 'Vales the system of plaeing prisoners in separate confinement on. admission has lwen praetieally abolished within thl' last few years. Some years ago pr1soners had to undergo the first uine months of sentence in sl·pm·att~ confinement ; now the longest period for which a lH'isPner is ;ubjeete!l to this tre,ttmentis six weeks.

Under the Victorian prison system tl1c period of detention in sepamte confine· ment is grade•! aecordinrr to the len.rtll of sentence. thus ,_

' ~ 0 Two years... Three montlls in separate. Three years Th1·ee months in separate. Four year~ Four HIOHtlJs in separate. Five y!'ars lih·e months in S('lllll'at<'. Six yem-s .. . Six months in sep;~rate.

For miseondnet a prisoner may he detaiu"'l as lon!!: as nine months in separate. Prisoners first condett>d senteilCPd to t<•rms not (~xr·peding six mouths spend

the whole period iu sepnratr· confinement, unless exJ•mpted hy tlw medical officc•r or the 1nspector-General.

Pri;;ouers seutenct>d to terms pxceediug six tnontl!s but ll'ss than two years serve the first Its and the last 10 dan in separate umtinenwnt. ( )n completion of the first period they work in assoeiati01;, hut only witl1 prisoners of the same da~s as themselves.

In every instauec, whatevct· >1 prisoner's st•ntcnee or method of treatment, the last !en days of detention nre spent in eellnlar imprisonment nnless exempted on m:dtcal or emergency g-rol!Hlk During tl1is perioJ special eft'orts to assist the pnsouer on dis(·hnrgt· are lll<Hle, and each ea<P is partieulud,v brought under the notice of the cl!aplain.

Although instructions have lwen lssned to the gowruors of prisons that scpar· ate treatment is not to he re_u:anled as puniti re, hut as reformati Ye, nnd that it is principally intended to l"·e,·ent degeneration by contact with more hardened offenders and to afford special tiwilitie; l'J the gaol chaplains and the officers to ln·in'l' good influence~ to he:te, yet its value i~ largely dis~ounted when the prisoner, after under­going hi;; Repar,lte period, g·ocs out into assneiation with other classes of prisoner~<. 1 n the ease of the oft-eonvieted p•·isoncr this form of treatment scents to me oflittle valne either as a reformative or punitive measure. It is in the cases of the juvenile and the first offendee that it can he applied with snlut:wy efleet. The youthful ofl'Pndcr may hnvc a gt·eat dread of gr;ing to prison, bnt unless he is given sharp coercive treatment and kept quiw free from the risk of eontamination l1e is apt to conclude that gaol is uot such a had place aftPr all. And in the case of the first offender it is importnnt if ht> intends hy honest ('IHle>ti'Ollr on disdmrge to retrieve his elm meter that he should not become known to the reg-ula1· gaol dPnizen. Xo tlonbt the t>lfeet depends materially on the tempcmme11t of the individual, and whilt> the experience may in <HJ(' ense strengthen t.lw resolve to ket•p the law in future, it may in another breed a spirit of desperation alHl revolt agaiust snciet.,v. 'Vhile it is undesirable to eliminnte separate confinement altogl·ther ti·om our prison system, some modification iu the present pmctice scents adv;tntagt'OJJs. No matter how oltl·n an oftender has been through the prison before he is hound under existing regulations to nudergo separate confinetucnt on each admission, nnd if he should ll:lpp!;n to he a mt><·hnnie or good tradesman 11·hose servit•es are wautcd in the worlt'hops he is not nvailnhle until he lu:ts complc·tNl his so-called "model,. term unleH~ exemptPd by tiJC medic:1l ufl:ieer. Any amendment of the 1·egulatioH' will involn· a rpvi,;ion of the mnrk 'ystetn, bnt perhap., tl1e simplest mode woal<l lw to mak" the lll'l~imntl! term to he sr:n'cJI i11 s<'p:lrate till'Cl' months, with pow<>r to the lnspeetor·Gc•JJerai to reduce this term to one month when con­sidered clesirahk in the interests of tlw individual or the prison.

1l

l:EPEATRD :-:uo:rT SENTE:\CES.

A matter that has lJccn rcpentedly touehctl upon in the report;> of my predecessors is tl•e wors" tlmu useless pr11etkc of short scntenees, which arc unavailing~ eid1er <l~ a deterrent t()n•e or for·1muitir<! or refonnathc purposes. The custom of ma_gi>trat••,; of tlH_' lower Conrt.s to sc>nd tht• Yietims "f •lrnnkc•n, idle and dissolute ha hits rqwatedly t" g·:wl for n tew days is llcitlH·r Pc<JOomi•· not' lmmane. On tlw contrary, it is !.anuful in its results, costly to thP pnhlit· pnrsP, and eneonr:Ig~s tl•e oftend•••·s V> pu1"''"' tlwit• dissolute ways on rdcasc. Frc'luently mc•mlH~r, of tins class >lr<' sc·nt to prison in a filthy •·omlition, physienl and liJOJ'Bl wn:d;,;, in •wed of medicttl trcRtuwut, and with sentences !J.lnHv "tflieit>nL to pennit of th(·ir being ele:med up l"•f(n·e heinp: rcstoi'<·<l to liht•rty, aml lwncP th" lll!BaYom·_v taok of cleansing- them of their filth tails npon the pri~;on offieials, nwl the rc·sult of their incarceration is merely to t·rmhle tlwm to indnlg<' tlfn·•h their vicious propensities on release. fluffkient tinw is not allo\\'ed to snlm>it them t•' a prope1· mode of treat­ment, to obtain some retum from rheit• bhonr, mu! to bring them in toneh with refnnnative influcnt'f'5. Competent authorities are unallinrous ln condemning tlw practice of imposing repented short sentences. Heferring to the increase of offences for hcgging mHl skcping ont, t.h<• English Prison Uonnnission<~r~; in their last annual rq1o1·t state that tlwy nre strong-ly of opinion that there should he a ('hange in the present nnsatisthctm·y systt'JU under which persons ('OlHP to pri~on ttiHIE'r sr:.ecessiv<:ly shott seutt•ucC'~, \\·ith lW :ulvnnt.agP to tlw co1nmunit_v o1· thc·nht>lves. In the smue repmt, the Chaplain of Kntting-ham Prison ,;tales thllt. of 122 lads sentPnred to one montb :md under during· l !!(tH~lO, GG reeein·d gcnt<-n<:cs of live da~'s and under, ehieflv h>r :2;amino- and piteh and toss. "llaoits that he<'ollle jl<ll't of a lad's life wil! nevc~ be e1ired h~ seutenet)S of tin~ en· thn~e dan;1 nnd sueh 1'1entenees can hnve no l'Cnl etl·i.·ct, hut, 'oll tile \'<Hitl'<ll'l', nmy do serion' ltctt'lll." At a Conlert'llC(' ot Discluu·!I'Cd l'risottPI's' Aid Soci,:ti<·> i1i London in )[,,.·, 1:nn. the !'resident. Sir Hiellard Hnrrington, Hmt., reft•l'I'Cd to the PXtrem•• n:..;efeHsncss ,of short ;.;;ente~et:~, am\ stnt<•d tlmt he had nctnl as a magist•·nt<' f(H· a,·, years, a11tl was qnite sure that tn sen~l a mnn oJ' woman ovt'!' and OH-'l' n,srain tOr short perlod;-; of imprisonuieut did nothing- hnt hn•·m. At tht> lnt<•t·national PriR<m Congn·ss ),,.]<) nt \r:Jshington, United State's, in ( )etuht-r h,t, th<· li.>llowing rcsoluti•m ll'as !'an·ied :-·-'·That the n•fonnntor.Y systt·m ib inrouqmtihk wir.h sltnrt ;-;pnh'lll'('~, nnd n n·lativPl,,~ lo11g pe1·ind of reformatory tn•ntnwut i,; uwre likely to ht• l}('ll<'fieial rlm11 l'<'J•<':tted shmt. tl'!'m.s of imprisonment under Sl'I'Cr<·r coiHlit.ions."

It may be that in I!Hill)' ""''''the law g·in•s tlH• Court no option hnt to award hrief tenns of i mprisomncn t. In the folio will!,( inst:III <'<'-'• h o wm·<'l', w ], id1 I qnut~ as striking illustmtions oi' the ah:;nrdity of ,;hurt selltl·nees, the law 1n·nnitted the Conrts to award scutcnees of twelve m•mths, and to order that the "ff'enders he hrought up to he further dealt with under the fndet(•rmin;j,te Reutences Act :-

A. (re male) comieted~-12th t'ebruan, 1910. Habitual dmnkarcl. 12 weeks' imprisonment. 9th :MaY, 19fo. Drunk. Fine o1· 3 days' imJH'isonment. 12th )fay, HJlO. Indecent language. Fine or 7 days' illlprisonmcnt. 19th ;\I ay, 1910. Drunk. Fine Ol' i days' imprison111ent. itith I\Iay~ 1910. lusultin~ behaviour. Fine or '"i tiny.-;' iwprisomnent. ~ml .Tune, l 910. Drunk. Fine m· 7 days' imprisonm~nt. lOth .Jnue, UlO. Drunk. Fine or 7 dnys' iinprisomuent. 21st .June,' I: 10. Drunk. Fine or 14 day~' imprisonment . . 1th .Tuly, llllO. Dnmk. 14 days' imprisonment 19th ,July, lHH!. Drunk. U da.vs' imp1·isonment. 2nd August, UllO. Dmuk. Fin<' or :J dny:,' i1nprisonuwnt.. Gth August, lHlO. flnlllk. Fine• or 21 dn_p' imprisonment. !lOth August. 1910. llrunk. Fine or;; <h.•·s' itupri>OilllH'Ilt. 1-lth September, 1!!10. Drunk. Fine or 14 days' imprisoiJIIIt'llt.

B. (.Male) eondetetl-11th January, 1910. lndeceut helmviom·. 1 inc or 7 <IH_vs' impri-onment. llth .TanumT, I !Jlll. A'f'aulting pnli('e. ll •lav-,' ill•pri"miJJt'nL 19Lh Fdm"; .. ~, 1 (110. Drunk. Fin<' or I i dn) ~' imp•·isnumcnt. 21st June, UJlii. Drunk. I<'iue or :3 <ln} >' itnpri-unmcnt 27th .J unc, 1 !llti. llnlllk. Fine or 7 clays' iu•prisonmcnt.

12

2n<1 .\n!.!llSt, UJl it. Dmnk. Fine or 7 d,n·s' i!Hprisonmeut. 2fJt], Atigusr, 1 ~J !I) Dmnk Fin<' or :J t!ays' imprisonmenr. l~t], SeptPmiJ~,., 1 'I HI. lhnnic Fine or seven davs' imprison1neut. 1/tl• Oc·toht,r, llll·l. Dmul;. Fine or ·7 days' imprisonment. l·lt.h No,·emher, Hl!O. I Hl\m':>ive lwhaviout·. Fine m• :J tlays' imprisonmCJ;t. 17th Deeem ber, I fll 0. Otlimsi ve he ha v iour. Fin<' or 11 da1·s' in1prisonment. 17th lleeen,her, l!!lli. Hesisting: poiiee. Fine m· 1 moutl1's imprisonment.

Under !'art Ill. of tlw l'olie<> Oll'enecs Act a person tlu·ice ronrieted of dmnkcnness witl1in the preceding· twelve Hlonths can he s•·ntt·nee•l to a t<'l'lli nf tl;'t•lve montl1s' imprisounwnt fill· heing an lwhitnal drunkard ; and under Section (i

ot the lndctcrminatt• Scuteuet·s Act, when a person is convieted undpr l'nrt IlL of tlw Police Ofli·net•s Ad, nnd 'l'nt<•need to a te1 m of not lesc, than tht·pp nHmths, and who has bct'll previously eonvietcd on nt least two occasions, the Court may dh'('(:t tlwt before tin• eomplt-tiou of """h term such person shall he hronght np at some ;..ittings of the ::inpn'llle Court or Court of Geul'ral Sessious. and the .fnd~·r.• or C'hait•:~Jan of sueh Court may by unlet· direet that on the expimtion of the term of imprisonment imposed hy the Court of l'Ptt1· Kl'>sions, .s11eh person shall hP detaim•d dnrinl!; the Gm'l't'not·'s pleasm<; in a relimn:,to•·.'· pr·isou.

Tlw cas"'· eited are by no lll<>llllS exceptional, there heing many of a similar chameter, ami hy t•xtendin:.; tl1e pcritHl of review the failure of tlie system as a lllPllll' of refimnation is furth8r r'lltnhnsizPtl. Tll!ls. in thP first east•. tl1e woman lwd 8:! eonvietions prior to H11 0, :11;d it will he oh,t·n·pd thnt last ye:u: she wns four· tinws couvicted in one month, seven tiHH'S in two tnontlH-5. :nul ninl' times in thre(~ 1nontl1s~ and tlH_•:;(:• nit hefon" the smne Cnurt~ R.nd yet she rPC<'""in_•.l no long,er a term than fonrteen dn1·s. 'Yitl1 the JH>W<'l' to <lea] with tl"" otli:ndt'J' in the nmnnt'l' inrlieatl'd, it is not <'.lC'at· ·h,· what proeeSs of rensouin~, the JWH!;istrates n.rrired nL tht)ir dPcir.;iou. In f:1et. no 'eonn•in1hle 1110de of tn·a't.nwnt eo~ld he morP t!eJnomlizing to the indiYidnaL _Apropl!s of the cases n:fi?lTed t11 1 it will n~~t lw tmitltere;;;tillg to give the eonelusion of an l~nglish Dc·partmental Committee whieh in l90S ga1·e spec·inl consitlemtion to t\11: qnestion ns to whether m· not the detention of ineorrigihle incbriuteH wa, justitia hie.:-'· Th<• inebriate is u uoxions t•km••nt in the <'<lllllllnnity­noxious to others and noxious to !Jimsclt: !le is prone to <:onnuit el'iml' and ennse di,ordc•r; to have n had inti rwnr·e on others: l<"ndin.g to 11 spread of t.hc• el'il; to bring himself and those rkpen<lc·nt npo'J him to ht•" hnrdt·n on the rates: to cause distrelis and mise1'Y in those eon11e..ted with hi<ll: to neglect. his ehildren or treat them cruelly, and, us is allegco<l hy H)JnC, to pi'Odnee ofl:sprin,\!; lmrdt•lled with congenital con,;equ<mees of his inebrietl· For tl1ese n•aBons we <'Oil~i,ft'l' it just a!Hiright that he should he d..taim·.l, nut merely fot·lti, refi•r:nntiou, hut to proteet the eomn1nnit,Y against his ill-1loing. \Ve at·c· nHaniJnon,Jr of opinion that tht> detention of the eontinued iHehrime is justifiable and neees,;m·:·, apart ti·om all <jllCstion of reformation. n

The log'i" of the· Cr~mmittee's eone]n,ion can lwnll,v he qne.•tioucrl. The1·e can he no rlouht t.hnt persons who come with lWI'»i.-tent n·~,nlarity bef{H'e the Com·t .. , on charg(•s of inehrlety~ or for offenct'~ <'on-;eqnent upon inehriet.y, shonltl hotl1 in th<'il' own int<>r·est and that of the pnhlie he t'c'tnored from the comnHtuity f(n· long· poriods. The Inebriates Institution at Lara was not cstahlislwd to IJlt•et such ease.-, nor w:u; the Indt•tenuinate s~ntetJCCi' Aet frnnwd to d('a] \rith th(•Jil, YN. f'l'(•illg' that the Jlrovisions of that A et an• so t·omprehensin; that tlwy <·an be, ,;pplit•d t•~ md1 oltend<·•·s, it may he de.simble in till' ahsenee of any spel'ial ll'gislation for· their treatment that tl1e Courts, whc•JH'ver praetit•ahle, shonJ.d impo~<' the iJulcterntinnll' sent<•ue<• on thP innmthle inehrinte. Still, 1 would uot adYrwatl' tlwt tlH· clrnukard who has not dpo·eneJ·at<·rl iuLo n.ctnal el'ime slwuld he <'olltillHI ~rith thrc habitual criminal, hnt ~ltlwr that he sllotdd he n·le)l:nted to a refmmatory <'lllll]l and encourag-ed to \Nork out l1i . .- tJwn sa!nttiun by tre.c-p1an~1ng or cll'nriug· tii<:• land for futm·e scttll'IIH'nt.

On this suhject r may (•ite a peninent pnosag<' from the l'('['Plltl.\' puhlisliC'd work hy nr. Charlc~s )JPri'iPr, (•ntitled "Crim(' and ln~anit\', : "H C\'l'l',\' persoll elmru,ed 11·itl1 wilfnl drunk,•n:H~·''· or wi:h an\' ot1c·n<:C' r·omlllittt•<i in n ;;tntc of wiilul drunkt'Hil('S,", were to he punishe~L on th~..~ tir~t otf(_;llt'(' with ~ix JBontlt.,' or t>Vt·n t1n·pe mont!Jt~ 1 iiHprisoument 1ritll.:Htt the option of a fine~ c!nHg·t•:-; of dnud~eJm('S'; would 1w enorHlOH:~Jv di1niuisl1t'J ~ the llllilllJCl' of lwbitncll drnnk:tl'd~ \-\'Otdd he ;o:pasihlY rNlured; ~ a!ld the task~ huth of poiiet.~ :111d polic<' ma~:istratf._·s~ reudpn•d 1e1~\· niuch cnsi(•r.:-'

13

CAUSA Tit iN AND TI~RATAJENT.

SC'reuty ye:u·s ngo Einel'~on Y\'HILP---•~ Ou1· n~·{· and hit)tory, f1n· thP:4f' th.onsaml vears, has uut heen the llL;ton· o-f Jdndnes:;, l.ttl of :-'l·lfh.:hnt''-:-'.. \ :nr di.,.,tt·u~t 1s very ~-!X}Wn..;h·e. The muHcy \H"' ~sppnd for ('Onrt~ and prison~ i~ n·ry ill fni1l out: . \\re nu1k1.' hv di . .,trnst, the ~lllvf and lmro-!m· and in{'eudian·, nud i1Y out• t·ourt <lm1 J:ul we

I ,. 0 • • • ,

kPt>p him"'')· An a:~ceptaw:e of th(' senti.HWI<t ollnn• tl1rou~·hout C1n·isteudoln. for a. -'-'t':hon W\lUlti ;n·in~ the i't'loli aud tla· outea:-;t tu our .sid(· 1u fpar.-:. with the tlt·\~ouon of hi,; faenltiH to ,,·,·u· s,·rviee.·· Tt'll!lst'e!Hlentnl mJ,I,islt thi., 11 ill be dublwd ln· tlw nt:ljorlt\' in nnr pr·._·....:~~nt ennunu·i..'ia: :l).!t\ bnt it (·mhodit·"" an et~·ina! Yt·rity whielt intt:'l

lw~'H lr')u;;; ~1nd whldy preatllt·d) hut lw~. ,,() 1:1r. l;t•cH JH'a<'ti~·-·d \viti1in a n•ry limited :u·ea. Not Jwvin~ lwett tl'.titu:d iu rtll.\7 l't~l'OJ?;lliscd ... i~1tool or pt-nolog:y, it lws lwen lll:'-7

:tim to ln·ighten tilt-' ne;~e:-;"ari!v smnhre :itHio:..;ph(':'e of g·nol \rith an infusion of kindlin,.,,, l.clie1·in,i.!; that the ofliC<'l' who will not respoud h.'' ]oval seniee and an eara(::-:t effort to iliCt'i':t~t· lti;-; n:-;etltlnt>~S id untit fur 1Ji~3 :1oHition. and tllat the jn1nrisou':tl one.·; who :trl~ nnt stil'red to some th..,g:rec ofhone~te.ndearonr are1HH1e~prv­in'~ of SYlllj>atltL I 1\'onld not t'Beounl"''' that titmiliar tV]JC of Clll]1lrn·6 who i~ nlwn1•s

- ' <""! ' • ,;

ns'sertil1g· his clttims to more pav and privileg;e:>, bat is loath to ncccpt nn:-· r<'sponsihility he can -pass ou to other;-;. C!'inH~ is a dis(~:tse of the ~ocial org;nnlsm, and uo single rulll'<h· will he eft(:cttwl t(w ih l'al'ied phnses. Stiil I am eonviueetl tlwt if" loum:tn bc·iug 'is treated as a hrnte he will degenet·at'' intn a hmt.<', mu! erl'r.' spark of humanity will he stifled, whil<· kindly and symprrthetie guid>llH'P nmy lt•:Hl b tl1e Pxtiqllttion of the ape and tige•·. Ineidenta11y, I Jnay 1nention that the punishments intlietd hy the Gt~vel'wn· '""! Deputy Governor :Jt l'(•!Jtridp:c for hrmehes of prison diseipline lmtnbel'ed GO~l in lDtJ::\, while in !!!Oil tlwre 11en· 41·1, :ual iu I~lOonly 2!l6, tl1e average uunther ofpri--~.mcn; being' respectively 8UL 8-:sl\ and {)t)b.

,\ lamentahle teaturc of our histor.'· is the nu m he•· of young men who drift into prison, tl1e number undt't' :J() ye<ll'< of a2;e iu 1 ti 10 being l,~o,J, out of a tobtl ot' ii,!l\!9. Though in the m:~jority of cnse;1 •lrink is given as tl1e imnle{iiate instrnlHt>llt of down­f<dl, then· is no doubt. tltat th1• most f'mitfnl cau>t'' of erin•c al'P the ah,;eHec of healthy home influences, am! C<>li>'t''Jilt'Ul hck of wi:,~: g·11idance at tlH~ most nit.ieal St>ii!.<' of man',; career. ,\lnny parl'llts an· nntortunately dcl'oid of nny true sense oi' responsibility in regard to their ehil<ll'en, lwing <:nly 1<J:J read,v to cast all their <:a res upon the State. Under these cin·mnstanecs it iie<•m,; to 1ne tlwt a solution of that perennial source of stt·ifP, the question of Bibh• teaching iu State sd10ols, may he f.mud by including ethic,; in the oruium-y t'nl'l'iculnm. lt may he said that mornl le,;sons ill'e 11,iven now, but they lH'e merely incidental, and dependent on tlw pe•·,;onality of the teaeher, while if the prineiples of dntv nnd mornlin, c•nt(n·eetl by suitahle illw;tra· tions, were included iu tht• school l'Olltjne, they would be more de<•ply impr·:ascJ upon the pupil,;, and there need he no fiH·ther arg·ument nbout the Bible ot· con~ciencc dHusPA in that conm'xion. Surely a tt'xt hook eunlcl he derised, embodying the fundamental moral principles reeo,gniil<:<l hy all ei rili~ed l"-'"l'lcs, the imprinting· of which on the youthful milHls ,.;lwnJ,j he a powerful iullneuec in tlH?. devel<•ponent uf good citizen,;!.ip.

There i,; a popnlm· disposition to ,.Jass all within tlu:; g·nol 1\'alls n . .; alien,; frol!l ordinm·y lnmranitv, while as a matter ol titd tiln· emheacc as Jiver><' teltlpcraments as th<'ir fn•e brethren. "Labds .. , sayH ~[oriev. "are de,· ice•,; to :,arc lazy people the trouble of thiuking.'' So a "criminal,. is rega•·ciHl a,; one wlto, if he ha,; not alrt'ad.v done so, is c·apable of hrt•nking the whole moral code. There are of courRc degrees of erilninalitv aR there al'(; dclih(·rate and impulsive erimes. One may he over·p~wered by tr•mpt.<ltion, another stimulrHPd hy lo\'e of adr<'ntan•, while many-the most hope· less ehBs-are victim., of tlw parasitic in8tinct, tn ga-ther thr> fruits of anothet· man's la hour, and can he nm•1l hy llOthinf(' slHJ!'t of a surgie;~l operatiun. As a. dnll seholar i~ ~low to assimilate n lesson~ it is pos~ihle f()r n lllan to rcrtuin• repeated expel'imt>nhs hetore he• is f,m·ed tD n<·knnwleugl' the tmth of the 1naxim that hone,t,v is the hest policy; hut. absolnte fl1ih11·e to le:~rn th,, lessun io 't.l'Ong evidence of mental unsound· ness.

In a conmllltJity where (•mplovmc•nt f\1r the deserving is "0 plt•mifnl as in Vie· torin tln: e(·onmnif' tC'IItptation is ~111:111. as is also the pt•t·centu~e of cdme. Hence the eriminal ranks ,u·c· reinf(w,·ed mainly from parasites and sexual ['Cl'vl'rts, i'erl1aps Beicnce may yet diseovc•· some mode of cmdicating the virus in thcs<' cnscs, hut mean· time there is no remeJv hnt seg:regation of the unfit. . ~

14

Where a Yiolation of tlH· law can lw litirlv ""('S<ed at a mom·\· value, and the offender is in employment., imprisonment shoullnen'r he inflicted, ln;t the employer should he required to pay to the injured pet·~on or the State', as thC' ease may be, the amount fixed in such instnJments as the Court m:l\' dPtt·rmine. If the oftend~r were nnemploycd he mig·ht he sent to .;;aol to redeem his. often cc h,v earning the amount fixed, though that would hardly he pmctic:1hle withont n regular nmrket for the products of prison labour. In regard to fines I wonld support the adoption of the practice in vogue elsewhere, that when an ofte~tdc•t· i~ ahlc to pay part only of a fine he should he allowed to do so, and he relieved from a proportionate part of the alterna­tive imprisonment.

As to getwt·al principles, the doctrine of the prutection of thc> public and the correction of the offender-the paramount importance of reft>rmation-wns affirmed at the Washington Congress in the following t·esolutions :--

(1) That no rn~soner, no matter what his age or past reeord, shonhl be assumed to be incapable of improvement.

(2) The conviction that it is in the public interest not merely to impo~c a sentence which shall be retributive and deterrent, hut also to make an earne,;t effort for the reformation of the criminal.

(3) That this reformation· is most likely to be accomplished by religious am! moral instruction, mental quickening, physieal development, and such employment ns will place the prisoner on a good industrial basis.

( 4) That the reformatory system is incompatil>lc with shot1: ~enteuces, and a relatively long period of reformatory treatment is more likely to hr, heueficial than repeated short terms of impl'isonm<:nt under severer conditions.

(I\) That reformatory treatment ,hould be continnl'd with a system of lihem­tion on parole under suitable guardianship ami supervision on the advice of a suitable Board.

Utility is the keystone of modern political pmgress, and the question for the Government to decirle is what amount tlwy are justilicd in ('xpemling 011 the reft)lll1a· tion of criminals, having t'eganl to the relative admntage to he derived hy the com­munity. .No douht the extension of the probation s.ystem provided in the Crimes Act of last year will gmdually withdraw thosL• lit for liberty from the gaol popnlntion, nnd even though there m&y he an occasional relapse, like )fr. \Vinston Churchill's shepherd, the enor of a principle is not demonstrated hy one tailure. A Reformatory Prison for younger criminals, which was so seriously ret.<mlcrl hy the demonstration of irate ri'sidents of Heidelberg, should be eonstrnde•l without further delay-the most hopeful prospect of eradicating evil hnbits being in the young ofHmdcrs. As to the need of a separate prison for habitual criminals, I am uncertain, and would prefer radical amendment of the law.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The Discharged Prisoners' Airl Society have heen as aetive as usual in assist­in{~; to restore the criminal to a place in the community. Through their ag<'ncy the following lectures have hcen delivered to the Special Division during the year :-An afternoon of music, armnged hy the P1~son Chaplains :"India and its Customs," Rev. A. H. Leslie ; " Experiences and Impressions on n Trip rouud the \Yorld," Cr. C. 0. Marschncr; "The Worth of a Man," Mr. J. Vale ; "The Port Phillii' Pilot~," Captain Mitchell; "Music, Song, and Story," Mr . .En os Bacon; "Onr Ship," Mr. Wm. Groom.

To Mr. Groom, who has been unceasingly assiduous in his c!Iorts, many .YOung men owe n heavy debt of gratitude for removing the111 from prison to his Reformatory F<chool, and starting them on an honest career.

The C!.aplains lutve performed their functions with what are donbtless bene· ficial results, nnd as a rule have not excce.led those functions.

]ij

The Jledi<·al Ottict'l"~< of tlw ,·nrions g·aols lwve disehat·ged their duties faith­fnlly, and to them, <>specially Dr. D. E. Stewart. I am indebted for ,·altmi,Je aid in the manngenwnt of the invalids and the malingerers.

The principal changes in tlw staff during last year were the n·tirement on pension of Mr. J . .P. llolmc>-, tlw Chief Clerk, and Mr. Thos. Dlli.Y, Governor of the Hallarat Gaol. ~k Dalv wa' ~<ucceeded hv ~lr. W. ~fcDunahl, Senior Chief Warder at Pentridge, whose place was tnkcn by M~. Wm. Clark. 'J he dttties of Chief Clerk were assigucd to Mr. F. J. Edgar, whose long cxpe.-ience as storekeeper at Pentridge has made him very useful in dealing with that establishment, and whom, with the remainder of the st11ff, J thank for the customary loyal support.

Melbourne, 31st .July, 1911.

W. A. CALLAWAY,

Under-Secretary and Deputy Inspector-General.

GENEHAIJ ] ) ],' '[' l' 1' y ' _t _J __ ) ~ .• "!~

l\ o. l.

Rt-:n;ro: of Prillonet·s l{eceived. anti Dir;chnl'grtl ill Pon:d Establj . ..,hnn~nt~, Gaol", nnd HcJormo.tmy Pri-:;on:• dud11~ the Y.:.•:n r~)Jo.

Dl'ct•w'hcr, HJ'>9-

Tutnh

Het<eivf'd <iurin;:;

Xcn I-'lUe'!l "(

Tr:wf.!'(';;S ~ r<llH <lth<'r (:tl'!flrw;ml~ CJnt' ietcdJ

nsylnm<r, rcformatnril~"'• &f', litt! \\'H ~ltiJ'1''<1llP1l[lJ ('OIJ\'it>tfld f .. ,.'

Tu:al~

T\ltrd., (lndudinf( ~trett;tlh nt t'tliHill\'1\Ccmr·ut of rhe ~·car)

l)ij<(•;wr~{·d ·:uring' th(~ r•'l,(f f\1 frL'VILJIJl \Jy f('Uillli'!OJl

,, ttme (0) *AhH'IHHled (~·) 'l'raa..;fJT"' 1o I1('11C\'OlN>t a~yhutt>' an,l tlllwr elmritab!e in~tiln-

t.in:~:­

Die-d (n Tran~h'r~ to nther pd..;orh;

• jj , , asylnm-t, l't>formt\to; k>'~ .\:(•, (th ... LtwO:JI"JC(eH

Tutal;o.

l-'treng-111 oH Jl~l Dc(·ctllhvr, l:JI?

;)£ wlwm \\er\!

l'etl!rld;:rc1,

"·

1'9

+'9

•P/ 7

4'5

;\k~hm.lnw.

"· F.

ns t;· '5 -----

'JO '7

• _, ~ l I 417

JO 5 IZ!

'n 1.12

2.915 I,Oj:l -- -~~~~

!--

~54

'l+\ 90

,, zs

4 '9

43S

435

3-045 I ,<::.~7

63 4 t,St9 7+5

z

)55 66

l,t;z}

'"

"' "

l 20)

t ,02 J

'• r: '

!t~<~fotmabwy ~·, Ill ,,[i'

t'nnntr; nn.ul~. J>l'IS(t11,

I'entridge,

,., "· F. Jf.

£S 139 3 5 'l

---~---- - ------ss 15:!. ! • 5

~- --- ----·

"" 6.;6 I09 2

s' 90 ,. '" 360 ..

- - --- ---- --2tC J ,222 99 Ll

------------· ~~ I, 1/.J. IC) '9

7~ -:"B 122

I 4

" 4

6os 1 l * i

'" 1 :!. I

.• ,

1

.

2J

40

15

+'

I '

3 57 I z:.q. 1,219 ~~;-- -- ------•---

7+ I 5) j-J '9

"+ J •9

Itel<:ll'm"tor~ l'r1Si1ll.

1"0tal.

c .. ~nr:m•!ne. C-Dh1Jr;::-. (';-,•,u,.11'"t> I

)1. I y, -!

D. F.

• tory 8o1 I 3 :; t{a}

4- l I~ 111.. Sp

., 9

'J

'7

9

10

7

Z,4-J4. 935 J,j69

6 ::26 62 S" ~6o 91-1 6 )1.

]6 .. ' ~' I,n:;.J :z.)6 I r,2S9 -- -----·-i---

6 4.5~9 I ,]4-5 I VJ34----1------ --- -~-----

5,JO? T.4-_)7 G,;£6 ___ , ________ , _____ ----

7

J'• 2., 'i 2 3

I

" \ s6o ,,

SJ 90/

4 9;!.

.._().,. 3,1 jv

I

17 9

65: 6q

J.,C'24 2S'l 1,27~ ---1----~-·--·--1--- _:__

_._._,_,_~ _1_~_.3_<_9_1---l~~~ ;3S : 10& , 846

ro• S14 ]L

~:•:;;,~::i~ch~}~<i;i;j;\'W~Jr•· a!turw;ndi e,o:nkLl<L---\11) Pnrt; ·uiue uu.l:·"f a"td "-Uthodty het--":we the expir:.tinn of i::ntaDN, n.ud !Ht<i\ r tliv lmldamiuntr i:f"CJt{tW:X! 11d 1Dfii' three n~,::;;;,~~,;,i,•;•;;::;;;,:::'a'I':J'~i'~;::\·i;,~::: Itt•!\:lflul\l<'>l') Prlnn.--(<") lnelu~ivt• <li two m.,il.l1 xh fem;~,le~ wen' t-ransferred to· · · · - · ~ a~mder fwm :l country gaol w&a tllb!;tqaently "'"'''"'"!.

,.... ""'

17

No. 2.

R.eTIJRN of t.he N nmber of Per~ous in Peu:t1 l~stablirlhments, Gaol;<;. aud Reformatorv Prison" during the Yen.r 1910, the ;\nmlJer Ut'ceivcd, ~~tnll10W ol:;eH AJmitted. '

-~--------··

Duih' A-.·eragc l'nmOO; bf I'<tr!«HIS in G:.ols or hmal

E:'itabli~bmunt~ during lhe Ye,'\r.

The Xumbt>r of di11t!nd awl stparnt~ i Actual X umber l'riwm~l"i'\ oonlh:ed 1 ot Pers:ms during: tbc Year. 'AdmlttedJ:u1ng

the Year.

!tfalr~. Fcrn:ales. M. F.

2,81)

'fwke.

Pergon,; Rtw~-hed.

Admitred.

Your 1 ilt!CS.

Fil"v 1'ime,;,

F , ~ ,----;:~ j M. F.

-~·-~---~-:-_-,---,

. ! , I

M. ,._

)10 tS61 130; U4 4+ 47 • 30 . . . ' '

! l:iix: T:mcs "lld

~ tl]YW~l'Js.•

)(.

Tot.'\! Admt;!rionP.

-· -~·--

· __ ._

Th€- numh€r of persons who W'Qre (Jn the strength at commenteme::nt of yea.r and 11 ere afterwards di:;J(:hnrgi?d but ngaln re•~eived-:Male;,;, JO.{; female!!, 40,

11t Tc:1 males and deqm f.,lualet~ w~;re received six tinldl, fin'< males ll.nO !'le•·en hcmalcs rrcehefl set'F_)J time", three 11\t:llea a.nd two ftmn.J~ r e.::eived e!gbv times, two maltJS a•1d two f!?males .received nine tim""' {llle male and oue fem;;.le t.tn tlmes, lour fcmalffl! elneo t.nue.J, one fe,rnle twdn! timM, :;wo females fourteen times.

No. 3.

RETURX of Pri:Jont:Jr$ ConfincJ in Penal Estn.hlisllments, Gaol:<:) ami Reformatory Prisous on the 3 rst December, 1909 n.nd 1910 respeclivcly.

Year.

11591.

Twice, Three Times.

In Yldoriu.,

Four : Fire Time;; ; Tolri.l T. , anrl 1, t"

__:'.:_l_:qtw,~\1.;, ~~C·"'"·

+"' 371. 8r6 +S : 317 83Q

Awaiting: Tt:al iHHl (lfi IJemat}(( wllo had

ntenT Jeer. ~f'utcecr.J.

18

No. 4.-PART 1.

HETliit:-1 of the Educational Stale of Prisoners in Penal Establishments, Gaols, o.nd Reformatory Prisons for the Year 1910.

Sttl.tiona. Sup€rior F.duco.tion.

-~---

~uu1ber ol Prisoner~.

-·---c·---

Able to Read and Write. Able to Read only, Unable !o Re!l.d. Total.

Penal Establishment­Pentrhlge ... . .. P<'ntridge Heformatory

1

Mo.leB. Feu1ales. Mo.les.

----1--''"'"· Fomol". Mole.. I Fom•l".

-------

1

Female~. Males. Femllles.

Prison ... . .. Gaola-

Balla.ra.t. Beechwort.L ... Bendigo ... Castlcm(l,ine Heformatory

Prison Geelong Melbourne Sale Female Prison.. I J ika Heformatory Prison I

(Fern ales) .. . • ..

Totals

'9

347 >45 Jl5

43 5

'4

7

'

5

' 5

'3 '4 '9

2

' 4

854 't

'9 I

375 ',, 349

I

I

I

50 5 .,

' I ••• '

:·: I ... I ::: 11 .. .' ...

----~----,--- ----18 ! 21 226 I 32 5,3o9

7

I 1,457 ~~-~

As compared with number of inmates "51 per cent. 9 5 '2.0 per cent .. o•;8 per cent.

! 3'81 per cent.

No

--.

9 5 ·6o per oen t. I

No. 4.-PART 2.

PENAL DEPARTMENT, PENTRIDGE.

SuM)fARY showing the Educutionul Stute of the School for the Year ending 31st December, 191 o,

At commencement of year ,Joinell during year ..

Total

Dischfl,rged (luring year AltcnUing at, end of year

I I 8 , 7

1 ~:~~ I 38 : 21

43

" 4'

" 53

ClaSB 2.. Class I. l"zJable to-

No. 5.

RtcTURN .showing Offences of Pri~oners at Peon.l E.stabli.shnu:mts, Gaols~ and IU::formatory Prisons, anll Punishments awarded, during th~ Year r9ro.

Offences. How D\~poa£<1 of.

r-- ~ults. -- ·- - I ~ -~--fly Visitlll~-.Tuatic;. I -J --

I .Number oi 1'riaort4!n>," --- ~~- -~~- -~~~ ----

11 • "oepet.

-~

I Sex, '1 . • --~----~. , ~-- -- I . . ~ g ~ro-d l-abour. -1 ~ ~ I .

1

, ( ~ § ~ l'otnl. , §. ;:: I Gt!Wd To;al. Punishrd. No~ Punish«}. ! 1£; ·.: ,_p . S= ... ~ I Total. I To~al.

To..U.

A'lc~rage Number of Offeuoos

Dallr.

Average Num het or D:t,lly

PrlSQtleq.

~ I

o '" .::~ I-~" ·~ . :::; ;::: ""':E 3l 0 ' g 2 I ' I

1 I

0

,

0

;~7- mt 1 i ~4! ,: 11

471

1 --:-. --:;:ut-~,~- •73 -~,958 ~- 4·'l' I •-~8--1

756 !7

__ [_' 1--=-12 1

4 --=-i--'-f __ '_ --~~~-J~j _ _:_ -~~:--~--~~- _:_J~-:__1 0

-

04

j __ ll~:-I I ~ ] 1 4 399 J 407 ... 3 \ 35_1_" I 49 I >o81 148 356 405 I 186 i 4.777 i 4,963 I ru [ 86i·o6

:Ma.les

Fcma..les

'l'ota.l

• ThU informalion n:.lak:; to indiTidu.'\1 pt'il«::nen; .. t fn 01\e C!W': punishment W&<J awal'ded ~t Higher Court, *'!ld iu a.not,hel' eas~• tht~n were two oll'f'.nCOI, but Ollly one punishu:HinL

No. 6.

SuKlfARY or Diseases and Dcl\ths at the Penn.l Establishments, Gaols:, and Reformatory Prisons during the Yen.r I9IO.

A v.,.rnge daily nmncric!tl strength of prison .•• Tot<llimmlJCt' of distinct. ca.seK ot' sicknesM for the vear in T·l~l number of di~>tinct individuals trea..tecl in hoSpita.l .. .. Kumber of distinct prism)IJI'a treated for sicknc>JS ns out-pn.tieutlii , .. ):m)lher of (l.tt.enrla.uces of out-patients ... .•• .. 1'\umlH:ot of deat-hs ... ... ••• -· ... A Yerl}.ge daily numlJer of p4tients in hospit..'11 ... Createati nu m hPr Df prisonera in ho~pital at any Dne time

I , f'cna1 Reforroll,tor:rl ! Est,ahli~<hment, Pri1!(ln, . ~~· ' l'tmtridge. Pentrldge. (

i Dn.ll.:aai.. I

434 '6? I u· 38 27'81 ss

! 6;

7& ... •o 1 ,j42

I

... !10

6,710 '90 ... :.l. ·66 ... J '51

<O 6

GIWis and Refomu.tor.v Prisons.

------1 .. -,1 "'"''"""'"' llt:<:H.·-h wm-t.h Dendigo.. Rnfor!'flaill:lry

. PrJ....on.

•no ~- •.::n ,~-~:;;~ ,.

767 I ... ~-1

.,

67 I . . . . I ... I

9 350

S4•q6 33 j U$ .g,

),237 •

'-J '05

•7

MeliJOUl'tle.

170'43 531 4+8

t,j5J 21,)76

3 U'07

n

,.~i!mllllll ton: Prison~ --- -~- -~Jika .Refortrui.·

so~,. ~::~o. 1-- '''">''"· I

4·n I 76"8t z6 zs

'3 I 190 27 9SO

+ 2'88

s

i 4 '25

I

Tot.&!.

S6S·o6 t,OJ8 , .. J,634

35.874 9

.. %.19

70

.... ""

Tradcat

Baker"

Bask~~tm!~kers

lllacksmiths ami moulders

Book binders

Printers

Carpenters a.nd turners

Bs.gmakers

Matting rutd matmakors

Mv.!!ons a.nd hdckhtyers

Painters

Stone cut tern

Shoem:~.kera

Fitters

Tailors

'I'hllllmiths and plum Mu

Wea.\·ers

Rrushmn.ken:

Total

No. 7.

RETUltN of Mechanics and other SkiHBd ,,~orkmen employed M the Pf'lna.l Esta.hlishment1 Pentridge, (luring the Yr>nr 1910.

1--I~-("::~~-em('nt JU\. Decemlx:lr, '9'=9-Jt~iven <:luring <9Hl

'I Knovdedrr~ of Tnde . When Hccdved.

fJischa.rg~d during I)U?.

--Knowl~Jd~eor Tn.de on rn~eha.l'g• ,

... 1'

...

... I

'"I

Knowledge ul 'frJ.dt: when re<:>.eived.

Good. Slighi,.

'

I

)

nught ;n

l'riijon.

4

9

7

'

"

9

'

"

TotaL

4

9

7

s

"

5

1)

' 16

Slight. Pt:lson.

Taught ---- ----- --]

Total, I-----()~~·--- \ - Slight. I

, U..~rned ITau,;:ht~rl J.ca.rnt.-'\1 IITa.ughtur: l1efo~e ~rnpr,ov«<I befn~e !mpr~n,dl

Oomn\J.ti:.o.li m f>nson ;•·onnwttal\ m Pruou.

-- 1--1---,----1--1---!--1--, ' I - I .. i z

' i ·-- I ' ,. 6 . ... , I

I

in

Good.

14 1+ 9

) 3 6

•

Tut.1.

l) l) 5

6 8 6 '

.. " '.5 ' ' 7

l l

' '6 18 16

I ... I 6 I 7 I ... 1 6 7 ••• i 5 I 5 ;

1 j 4 I zo :16 ... 1 q 15 ••. ' 8 i ... I 6 I I

I I I. . ' !

Iteumlniug JtSt flecemhi.H', 1910.

-'-- -------1 Knowl{'d~ or TTwle I T it I' I when H.~i'J:<1ved. ii.~i\( l

li I _ --~' Pn:n. ' Total.

i Good. . Sl!ght. . I

·11--... ~-~:~--, ~--4 ··; I ::: I : ! :

. I ... i ::: I 1~ .:

... , • 1 l , ,

... I ... I I • l

... I ... I )0 )0

, I ... , I l i :1 4

... . ... I , , 1 j 3 I n 1fi

I ' ... r ••• I 1 ,

l ••• ! 15 i 16

... ... I 4 : 4

z , s 10 I 17

' I ... i 10 10 ••• i •.. s I ••• I ... ! ... I 5 I'

~----1-- ---1-------···1 16 I 10 I 104 / 1Jo 3 i u 100 115 5 16 I 7 I 61 j

... I ... I lJ I 'l

-----~--;---

1 , I I 7 .1 .... I J :6 147 9

"" 0

I

"' !I' C'l,On.,n:wnt f<Jr-

l:'t"!ony r,8S7 1,21 t

J,4h Sit l;940 t,040

't~tul

No. 8.

RRTURN of the Bh·thpluccs of Pri~oncrs f~tr th€ Year ended 31st Docemherr 1910 (ConTicted ;\.fld Uneonvkted).

.!i

1 <

lOO I q6 I 81 ' lOO

6j g,

244 i JZ3

llinllplaecs oi Prmonet"lll- F•nu:Ues

I N

~

J5 31 ,.

>OJ

~ i £

~

j .':

!~ iSi "' ;; o;. ~

2

I r85 J6 68 I .6 .. , I 14- 14 17) 35 77 28 3 7 lO 265 I 91 20Z I I7 3 !3 20

: I - -~-,-:- -----

62) i 161 I 347 61 I 6 : 34144 - I -

• ~ l~ g~

,, 53

20J

';

~f 'r,~

]!

zSo J26 9~1

" ] .B ;-

"' 207 59'

nB [J•,457 1 914

~

~ ~

•• 12

,a 79

., 129

"' • ~ N

~

"' 4 4 ,,

'3

Aktii:!Ji&S.-Other otfences, two ii.Uillt~<! and lwo femule~; fnlonr, one me,le; mijll(fj)ffiMtlOUr, two mn.lea,

No. 9.

., 26 ,s

119

RETURN of the Ages of Prisoners in Coninement during 1910 (Conviet.ed and Unconvicted).

;§

~

l t6 ~ '9

34 107

•• ,,,

d

~ f ~

I I 2

3 ... ' ...

s f ... '

" s

! l

l

• " ~<i ';~ ~0

08

3 J

7

------------------------------ToW.! .d.gea of Pri~oaen-Jt.Iale~. 'i TutAJ I

Numberof --- ---- ------:---------,------,---------,---~11 Number ttf' I•rlrtone:r~. U1ul~r l:.l ' I

1 I 6o ami I A\'te I Prison en. t:ncter 10 !

---------- ----. _:·~_il_"_'_ :~-t-(~-~· -~-'-'"_'"_· ~o-to_;~, )O t.o 40. 40 to $":J. solo 6o, ! upwllr!l~. !U'1Spec\tlerl! Yeu.re. to 15, _''_"_~_. _'_'_t~ JO,

Iu l'out\hf'UH'.Ilt for-

11.!\:()jj oJ Pri!l.(lner!I-Fi!omMea.

6o anrl A,q:{! 30 to 4o. 40 to so. so to 00, ' upWtU"ds. unspecified

--- ----------

¥ 8o 5 54 3:1.6 9 lOt

951 ... u t6!1

l?elony 1,~87 ' I 258 68 J ••• ,,. uS 53 }[i5demeMlnnrs ... 1;-482 105 512 , .. 269 .,. 74 2 Ot.her Offcuct:l' ... 1,940 i so ,,. ••• 5'1 373 '"0 '

ss

I +' ,. 7

88 93 " •• 3" ]08 97 55

t,4J7 ,.. ... ~--·:- --3-:: ----:---- --- ---- ---- ----'l\1tA.l I ),J09 ... '· 4'J l,f8 9 J, 3:1.6 1,090 '57 J:<.j +4-3 H' IJ:<. 76

"" -

t

No. 10.

RKTUnN' oi P<.·isone1'6 Convict<~d and Received Uuriflg the Year 1910 in Peual Estn.btishment,-,, Gaols, and Reformatory Prisons, 1:1howing the Nt1mber of Previous Convictions; aJso~ the Number who l1aJ NOT been Previously Convicted.

Number who hnd preYlom!ly been ConvifltNl at any Tinle.

~umber of Prironen Conviet<;d

and Reccivo;d during the Year.

Once, Twice

---------·

I ~"" !

Four TimM,

-l--------- i I I I

Pft:NAL l;:RTABLIMHMENT-PEN­'1 RIDGE

l'~:WfRIDGK PRISON

REFORMATORY

BALLARAT GAOL

HI<:F.CIIWORJ'H GAOL

JlENDIGO GAOL ...

REFORMATORY

}fales. ~ Females.

343

'9

•66 ,, '

83 I z

'7' •• '3

M. I F. M. }'

37 37

... ,,

' " " 7

38 "

3

GEELONG OAOL

l\JELUOUHNE GAOL

'34 5 I 1.9 <5

l ,86::> 745 >o• •' '44

SALE GAOL Jl

FEMALE PRISON ... >07

JIKA REFORMATORY PRISON ... ! ... 6

1'ot~1l .. . ., i :t,gu 996 5

M. I ~·. I M. F.

1--~- I 1·-

I ,s I ... I u ...

I ... ... ...

' " ... 7 . .. 6 ... ...

I " .... j l '

' ... I ... '3 ... s ...

7 9' ,g 68 ,g

' ... l ... 8 ... ". ... •o

... I . .. ... ... _,_ 1-...

7 •5• 40 "' 40

N.D -TtlUISfW not, oountc(L

Fh'e Titues. Rix to Too .l£1eYen to

Timea. Twen~y Times.

M. F. M. I F. I M. F.

I

'9 ... 4' ... 38 .. .

'9 .. . ... ... ... ... ... , ' >O 4 '7 • 3 .. . '" ... 5 .. .

9 ... '9 ' " . ..

.. I ... ... ... ... .. .

T ... 'l ' >o .. . 65 '9 2-)6 98 '77 "l

' ... ' .. . ' ... ... 6 ... )2 ... 29

. .. I ... I .. . ...

- 1~- - -

12-7 i 17 373 138 270 '44

.Abovt. Twenty Timm.

M. F.

'7 ... I ... . ..

19 ... ... .. .

9 '

. .. I ... I

'l l

"4 287

' .. . .. . 35

. .. 4

-z96 )>8

-I I

Totn.J.

M. F.

"9 ...

,, ..

•a• •o

5' ...

'" 6 I

I 8 ...

••• 3

1,:u6 668 I

I •6 ...

. .. 1)7

... 6

1,90~1--::~1

Number whl) :lno\1 h•

btJen I: COil'

~~~~'_·_ H4 ...

... ... 6o 7

3' ' 6• 8

' .. . 9' '

6)4 77

'7 . .. .. . 50

... I ...

,,c•J ~--::------··

.., ..,

23

No. 11.

CLM;SlFICATION OP' 011'FF.N'CKS lHii(JSG Tilt~ YEAR 1910,

Abortion, ,Attempt. lo Pntcm·c Abandoning or Ex1wsing YCI'Y young Chil~

drcn ... A&mnlts, Common AlltHtult wit.b lnumt ... Arson awl Attempt at .•. Digamy ••• ... .., llreacht--s of By-laws, Act~, &c .... Burglar.)· and Hou8ehrc:~king Contempt of Court sr~e~ty to Animals CoHHng .•. Carnally Knowing and Abu:~ing ,.. Default of Ball, Maintenance lhuukenut·ss •.. D&.mitging Propert-y .•• 1

Disobeying orJer of the Court Embezzlement Escaping from Legal Custody Forgery n.nd Uttering ••• FranJ and False Prc.teneea Hone, Cattle, and Sheep Stealing IHcgnlly Using Ilorsesor Cattle... . .. InUccent1 Riotous, a.ud Offensive Conduct Insulting Bebavionr ... Inciting to Resist Police. Larceny as a Bailee ,,. Larceny in n Dwelling ... Larceny and Attempt Murder and Attempt Manslaughter . , , Obscene Language Perjury ., Rape and Attempting

Carried forward

X umber of Offente11,

' ' 200 ,, 4 I

'33 75

75

17 ,, 447

6 I

354 lJ

'

"

' ,I !

~uturc 11( Offilnc."'.

Brought fonnml HRsisting Police Robherv with Yiolencc. Hobht·r~¥ in O:unpun.v l~C'cPidng Stulen Property Smuggling und other Offences ~gainst

Custom$ Act Stealing from the l't'rson !5ll(Wti!ll!', Stabbing, &c. Tbrcntening Laogunge. t~nnatural OffctlCC Wonm.ling Misccllanvous ...

V AGllAI\CY,-( 1) lrlle and lJi~>orJerly PtrSvrH.

Oc<'npit."r of n Disonlnly House Uegv;ing .Alms Ha\cing uo Visible Lawfu! Meu.us of

SupporL Habit.ua.l llruukani

V AOitA~CI".-(2) Rvgue and Vt1gaband.

na.ming li::tpooing: hill Person . , Intent to Commit n. Felony In Possession of Housebreaking

rnents

NmnOOr or 0/1'1>MM!,

2

20

' I 3

" ' ' "9

2

IJ

•• to 10

9 Illegally on J•remisol! .. , Suspt'Cted PerFon

... I 16

Impolition by Fale\l Representations 1 31

.. 1 __ +~-__

Total

No. 12.

RtntrttN showing the Sentences of Prisoners Convicted during the Year 1916.

Death ••. • .. Ten years and upwt~-r.ls Stx years and und<:r 7 year<! Five years and under 6 years Four yen.ra and under 5 years Three years ~tnd under 4 yean! 'l'wo yea.rs and under 3 years TwelYe uwnths and under a years Six uwntha and under n mollths Three months and under 6 montlls One month and under 3 months T:nder one month Indefinite

---···~---

Hie Excellenoy'a pleasure \Iude~rminate)

" " " Totals •••

Male~.

' ' 4

'4

" JG "S .s. 377 6co

t,094 •6

2

•

I Y,mol". i

3 I

Total.

·--~--

3

' ' 5

14 ,, ]6

150

2))

#4 7h

2,8+6 26 5 4

24

RETURN showing the indnsLries and value or m-:tnnfu.cture5 at the Peutridgc Penal E"itnbliiihment for the year ended 31st December, 1910.

Jnlualry or T:ratte.

Boot.rnakers

Bruabmakc-n;. Flax . Matma.kel's Printers ... Tailms ,., W ooHen f'aetory ~~\' Ol'kll

Grand Totu.l

~~~···--

Roots, &1.•, Repairs

Brush. ware Fihre, &.:..·.

Total

}fats and 1fn.tting ... P1·iuLing, &c., Bookbiuding Tailorhlg ... .•. .,. "' Rugs, Blanket~. Tweed1'l, :md Flannels ... Cal'pentcrh1g, Tiuware, Painting, Ca.st·

ings, &c,

I_

;; s. d.

1,678 9 . 3 475 2 0

------2., IS j ll J ,077 '5

567 •7 0

l,IJ7 q. ' t,a;o 7 c I;SH z 9 6,5CJ ,, 2., 898 5 3

I7,JP s 9

£ *· d.

l,j2.4 >O s ?7.1 '9 9 '79 9 c 469 I> )28 •4 0

1,047 4 ; z,)9C 6

l,j:zfi " " 814S8 7 c

V:tlue o! L~bout, Prison,

£ .J, d.

Szq 0 >O

:; ss " 6 z8S 8 Q

7c·S so• '3 0

Jll' ,,

4 40lj 9 8

J ,37' '3 4 ~---~--·--

9

Tlu3 Bakery and Farm and Ganlcn 11.re not inclndcd~ prodnciu;!! solely fur prie;on reqniruments nor the Wire Netting Iw.lustry, v.·hich is controlle(l by thn Pnblic \York:; Department.

----------.. ~--ny Authority: J. KEMt>1 Government P.rinter, Melbourne.