l-23 revolutionary situation, 1895-1904
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L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904. Crisis at the Top Crisis from Without Crisis from Below. Main Themes. “Revolutionary Situation”: Multi-dimensional Crisis at the top: regime unable, unwilling to live with status quo Crisis from without: foreign policy and war - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904
1. Crisis at the Top
2. Crisis from Without
3. Crisis from Below
Main Themes
1. “Revolutionary Situation”: Multi-dimensional
2. Crisis at the top: regime unable, unwilling to live with status quo
3. Crisis from without: foreign policy and war
4. Crisis from below: workers, peasants, minorities
1. Crisis at the Top
Images
1894 Nicholas and Fiancee
Nicholas II
Empress Alexandra
Imperial Family 1910
Matilda Kshesinskaia
The Imperial Hunter
1897 Nicholas at Hunting
Alexander III after the Hunt
Nicholas II Automobile
1912 Nicholas’s Mercedes
A. Tsar and Court
1. Reassertion of Autocracy
2. Nicholas II: Miscast but imperious
3. Ominous Coronation
4. Rescralizing autocracy: Serafim of Sarov
Ominous Coronation
Coronation May 1896
Hessian Duke at Coronation
Chinese Delegation to Coronation
Noble Representatives to Coronation 1896
National Representatives to Coronation 1896
Coronation in May 1896
Canonization of Serafim (1903)
Serafim of Sarov
Serafim Sarovskii
Nicholas and Alexander at Serafim’s Canonization (1903)
Serafim, 1919-1991
Icon of St. Nicholas
B. Bureaucratic Politics
1. Autocracy vs. bureaucracy
2. Rise of “bureaucratic parties”Ministry of Interior
Ministry of Finance
3. Crisis at the top
Ministers of Interior
D.S. Sipiagin
1899-1902
V.K. Plehve
1902-4
P.D. Sviatopolk-
Mirskii
1904-5
I.V.Goremykin
1895-99
C. Instruments of Rule and Repression
1. Police
2. Army
2. Crisis from Without: Diplomacy and War
A. West: Realignment
B. East: Compensatory colonialism
C. Russo-Japanese War
“Yellow Peril”: Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War: Battlefield Surgery
Naval Theater: Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War: Russian Troops in Manchuria
Russian POW’s at School
Port Arthur
Sinking of “Suvorov” in Battle of Tsujima Straits
Japan: Beheading of Alleged Spy
Russian Battleships in Port Arthur
Port Arthur 1904
1905: Russian Army Retreats after Defeat at Mukden
3. Crisis from Below
A. Peasants
B. Workers
C. Minorities
A. Peasants
1. Agrarian crisis
2. Peasant movement
3. State policy
Harvest in Moscow Provincec. 1900
Contradictions in the Countryside
Political Cartoon: Nicholas Thanks Repressive Governor
Peasant Disorders
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1890 1893 1896 1899 1902
Number ofDisorders
B. Workers
1. Peasant-proletarians
2. Working-class movement
3. State policy
New Working Class
Worker Meeting
Strike movement
0
50
100
150
200
250
1860-1869
1870-1879
1880-1889
1890-1899
1900-1904
Strikes/yr
C. Minorities