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Mine xplosion and Fire

Rini Novrianti Sutardjo Tui

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Fire Triangle

Explosionor Fire

Oxygen

Ignition

SourceFuel

Thenecessity

foradditional

controlmeasures

Abnormalcircumstances which

might arise

Specialsituations

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Identifying the Hazards

Explosion or Fire

Fuel

Anything that can burn

Firedamp, coal/coal dust,wood, diesel, tyres and

plastic materials, mineraloils and grease, waste

materials, paper, bottledgases, explosive

Oxygen

The general body of air

Chemicals that releaseoxygen when heated(oxidizing agents),

ANFO, bottled oxygen,compressed air

IgnitionAnything that has the

potential to get hot enough toignite a material, substance

or atmosphere in theworkplace

Friction, internal combustionengines, electrical and

mechanical equipments,natural sources, explosives

and detonators, compressionof air and gasses, hot works,

smokers materials

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Potential Risks

Risks

The possible disruption of theventilation system

The nature and extent of anyflame, heat or blast wave

The potential foroxygen depletion

The reduction invisibility due to smoke

The distance to aplace of safety

The spread and possibleconcentrations of toxic and

noxious gases and otherproducts

of combustion

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Level of Risks

How closethey are tothe fire orexplosion

Whether theyare on the

intake side ordownstream

How far theyare from the

nearestunaffected place

or safe haven

How long itwould take

them toreach a place

of safety

The type andduration oftheir self-

rescuers

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Spontaneous Combustion

Thick orcomposite

Inferiorquality

Low rank

Containpyrites

Readilyadsorb and

desorbmoisture

Highmoistureholding

capacity

Starts with oxidation atnormal temperature

Humidity

Temperature

% ofoxygen

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Heating is in Process

Hazeor

Fog

Smell

Hot Air

Smoke

Sweating

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Explosion Hazards

Mists and VapoursPetrols, cellulose-based paints,

aerosols, diesel fuels

Flammable GasesOccur due to work activity such as lead-acid

battery charging, mishap with flame welding orcutting equipments

Coal DustPossibly inside bunkers, the breakage of coalcarrying belt conveyor, inappropriate use of

explosive, high speed crash, firedamp explosion

Explosion

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Prevention and Control

Minimizing theinventory ofpotential fuels

Minimizing thenumber ofpotential ignitionsources

Keeping potentialignition sourcesapart frompotential fuel

EquipmentsMonitoring

Minimizing

orMitigatingthe Effects

Detection

andWarning

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Assessment Process

Identify the

hazards - thepotential sources ofignition and

materials

Consider the

precautions alreadyin place for theprevention and

mitigation

Evaluate the

likelihood of a fireor explosionoccurring due to aparticular hazard

Consider theconsequences of a fire

or explosion, anddecide who might be

harmed and how

Determine whatfurther measuresare necessary to

prevent, control ormitigate

Recordsignificant

findings

Review the riskassessment

periodically, or whentheres change in

circumstances

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