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Introductory Reference to the IBM AS/400Introduction to the AS/400

The IBM Application System/400 popularly known as AS/400 is a family of mid-range business computingsystems, that supersedes IBM's highly successful System/3X family. The AS/400 is available in threedifferent types the 9402, 9404, and the 9406.

Currently, here at Minnesota State University, Mankato, the Computer Services is supporting a dual

processor IBM AS/400 9406 model D80, that contains 192 Megabytes of primary memory and 7.1Gigabytes of mirrored secondary storage.

The AS/400 systems exclusively use the IBM Operating System/400 (OS/400). It is a multi-user operatingsystem that works with the Licensed Internal Code (LIC) instructions to implement the functions that arebasic to the AS/400 architecture. OS/400 can perform tasks under direct control of both the user and anapplication program.

The AS/400 system differs from the traditional systems in several ways. They offer more compatibility across the product line since only oneoperating system and architecture is used consistently across the entire family. The system offers very high performance compared to theearlier System/3X computers. This is achieved by a combination of faster processors, extended storage and improved fixed disk systems.The software architecture is different from that of more traditional systems. Implementing functions such as security, database andcommunications in microcode, and providing a one-piece operating system resulted in improved efficiency, consistency and simplicity.

Now, to take a look into the highlights of the system

AS/400's standard functions plus the many communications options and supporting software provide users with flexibility for variouscommunications environments. The AS/400 application programming interface provides some new capabilities not found in earlier operatingsystems. The basic architecture of AS/400 systems makes for a very productive program development environment. The built-in databaseand single-level storage provide high-level structures and consistency. This along with the programming tools available for AS/400 canincrease programmer productivity. The programmer has the flexibility to choose one of the following programming languages for their application programs:

BASICC

CL command language

COBOL X3.23-1974 & X3.23-1985 FORTRANPascalPL/IREXX

RPG II & III

The AS/400 marks a new beginning in the business computing world. This new generation of systems with advanced technology andadvanced applications serve as a growth platform for the customer to expand in application, size and network complexity.

Signing On to the AS/400

PC Support/400

Reboot the PC by pressing <Ctrl><Alt><Delete>at the same time. Press this key combination twice.

Select the option that indicates PC Support and/or AS/400. Answer "Enter common user ID:" with your username Answer "Enter password for common user ID:" with your password.If there is a beep or a message press <Enter>to bypass the message.

At this point you should have the following screen:

Sign On

System . . . . . : MKTAS400Subsystem . . . . : QINTERDisplay . . . . . : PCnnnnS1

User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________

Password . . . . . . . . . . . .Program/procedure. . . . . . . . __________Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________Current library. . . . . . . . . __________

Type your username in the "User" blank.Press the <Tab>ke .

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Type your password. The password will not be displayed.Press the <Enter>key.

If for some reason you can not longer type, press the <Reset>key. On the Microterms or PC-VT this would be the <Esc>key then R. On PCSupport/400 this would be the left <Ctrl>key.

If this is the first time you signed on continue with the Changing your password section of this manual.

Changing Your Password

The first time you log on the AS/400 you will be forced to change your password before continuing.

Press <Enter>to change your password.

At the "Current Password" field, type `xx' followed by the last six digits of your social security number (ie. xx999999) NOTE: nothing you type on this screen will be displayed to ensure that no one views your password as you type it.Press <Tab>or <Field Exit>.For the "New Password" field, type the password you would like to use when you sign on to the computer. It must not exceed 10characters, it must begin with a alphabetic character and the remaining characters may be any combination of alphabetic, numeric

characters. Note: Try not to make it too difficult, you will need to know it to sign on the AS/400 again.Press <Tab>or <Field Exit>

At the "New Password (to verify)" field, type in your new password for a second time to make sure you have entered it correctly. If youhave entered it incorrectly you will get an error message and your initial password will still be `xx' followed by the last four digits of your social security number.Press <Enter>

Upon completion, the following message will be displayed:Password changed successfullyRead the following screens, pressing <Enter>to exit each one, until you reach the AS/400 Main Menu screen.

Later on when you want to change your password, type CHGPWD on the command line and go through the same steps.

Signing Off of the AS/400

Press <F3>until you see a command prompt, ===>. At the command prompt type SIGNOFF.

Getting Online Help

AS/400 provides extensive On-line help, and a simple method of accessing the help information. On-line help information is provided for allsystem displays. The type of help provided depends on the location of the cursor.

For all displays, the following information is provided:

What the display is used for How to use the displayHow to use the command line if there is oneHow to use the entry fields and parameter line if anyWhat function keys are active and what they do.

If the <Help>key is pressed when the cursor is in an area where specific on-line help information is available, the help text for that area of thedisplay is shown.

If the <Help>key is pressed when the cursor is in an area for which no specific information is available, information for the entire display isshown. Then you can page forward or backward through the information for the entire display and for each area.

If the <Help>key is pressed while a help display is shown, a description of the types of help that are available on the displays, and how to geteach type of help is shown.

The <Help>key on the PC Support stations is labeled <Scroll Lock>. On the VT-100 or PC-VT stations the key sequence for < Help>is<ESC>h.

If <F11>=Search index is shown at the bottom of the display, you can press <F11>to see the Search Help Index display. On that display, youcan request information about any topic you specify.

STRSCHIDX

The start search index command is used when you would like to get help on a specific or general topic. To use the index search facility typeSTRSCHIDX and hit <Return>. Type your subject topic, or topics on the bottom subject line. When you hit <Return>again your topic will besearched for and the topics found will be displayed on the screen above the topic line. To display the information you are looking for type 5 inthe option field by the topic line press <Return>. To get out of the index search facility press <F3>until exited.

CD-ROM Manuals






If you are attached to the AS/400 using PC Support/400 you have the ability to look at a hypertext version of a subset of the complete AS/400manual set. To start the hypertext book reader type the command MANUALS at any AS/400 prompt. This guide is laid out like a library. Thelibrary contains bookshelves. These bookshelves contain books. For example our library contains a bookshelf name Languages. We selectthe bookshelf by using the arrow keys to place the highlighted cursor over it and press <Enter>. On this bookshelf there are several books onlanguages. One of the books is titled "COBOL/400 Reference". Once again we use the arrows and cursor to select the item. Now that wehave the book it opens up a "Table of Contents" for the book. By using this search and select procedure you can look through the book like abook you'd check out at the library.

More Help

There are three ways to get help on the READ/DOS book reader (AS/400 command MANUALS):

Start the book reader and select the bookshelf entitled BookManager READ/DOS.Press <F1>anywhere you're in question about your current options.Press <Alt>h (or <F10>h) and select the appropriate help selection for your current problem.

Using the Prompt Facility

AS/400 provides interactive command prompting for any command supplied with the system or created by the user. On the command entryscreen notice the option F4 = Prompt at the bottom of the screen. You can type the command name only, and press <F4>to see the promptdisplay for the command. Usually, a command may require many parameters before it can be executed. The prompt displays provide aconvenient method of supplying that parameter information. For example, type SNDMSG on any command line and press <F4>. Thefollowing prompt display is shown:

Send Message (SNDMSG)

Type choices, press Enter.

Message text . . . . . . . . . . ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To user profile . . . . . . . . . __________ Name , *SYSOPR, *ALLACT...

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F10=Additional parameters F12=cancelF13=How to use this display F24=More keys

To execute the command, supply the required information for Message text and user profile and press <Enter>. Most of the parameters usedon commands have default values that are used if no other value is specified. You may change the default values if you desire to do so.

If <F4>= Prompt is shown on the prompt display, you can press < F4>to request a list of predefined values (such as *SYSOPR and *ALLACTin the above display) that are permitted in the field where the cursor is currently positioned.

In relation to the SNDMSG command, you can use DSPMSG at any time to display messages in your message queue.

Organization of OS/400 Objects

Objects

On the AS/400, everything that can be stored or retrieved is stored in an object. Examples of objects are libraries, files, executableprograms, queues, and more. Objects share some common attributes such as name, type, size, description, date created, and owner. Theconcept of an object allows the system to perform certain standard operations, such as authorization management, on all objects types. Theobject types that we will be primarily concerned with in this manual are:

*LIB Libraries*FILE Fi les*PGM Compiled programs*OUTQ Output queues

Libraries

Every object is contained in a library. A library is an object, of type *LIB, that contains a group of objects. It is similar to the "root" or top-level

directory on Unix, MS-DOS, and VAX/VMS. However, unlike these systems, a library cannot "contain" other libraries (with the exception of QSYS, the system master library, which "contains" all libraries on the system). An interesting implication of the non-hierarchical nature of libraries is that two users cannot have libraries with the same name. There are basically three general categories of libraries:

1. QSYS - the library that contains all other libraries,

2. System supplied libraries NOTE:all IBM-supplied library names begin with the letter "Q" or "#"






3. User-created libraries.

Files

A file is an object, of type *FILE, that contains data in the form of a database, device data, or a group of related records that are handled as aunit. In this manual, we are primarily concerned with database files. There are two types of database files:

1. physical files2. logical files.

A physical file contains actual data stored on the system. It has a fixed-length record format. In this manual, we are primarily interested in twokinds of physical files:

1. data physical files2. source physical files.

A data physical file (*FILE PF-DTA) contains data that cannot be compiled, such as an input file to a program. In conventional terms, a dataphysical file is a data file, for example an employee master file. A data physical file normally has a record format. This record format isdefined using Data Description Specifications (DDS is a language that is used to describe database files to the system). This description isthen compiled to produce a *FILE object with attribute PF-DTA.

A source physical file (*FILE PF-SRC) contains source statements, for example the source statements of a Pascal or COBOL program. Asource physical file has the attribute "PF-SRC". It is usually created using the "Create Source Physical File" (CRTSRCPF) command (moreinformation about this command will be given later). A source physical file is actually a special type of data physical file. The CRTSRCPFcommand creates a physical file with attributes appropriate for source physical files. For example, the default record length is 92 (80 for thesource data field, 6 for the sequence number field, and 6 for the date field. Refer to the section on the SEU editor for the meanings of thesefields.)

The data records in a data physical file can be grouped into members. A data physical file may contain one or more members. Thesemembers are not objects themselves but subsets of an object. This implies that all members of an object share the same basiccharacteristics with the other members in the object such as ownership and security. In a PF-SRC file, each member contains sourcestatements for a program or DDS source. Members have an attribute associated with them, which in the case of PF-SRC members,determines how the various systems programs (such as the editor and compilers) on the AS/400 treat the member. This attribute is specifiedwhen creating the member, and allows compilation to be totally automatic. Once, for example, a member has been specified as having anattribute of CBL (for COBOL program,) the AS/400 editor, SEU, will format the program as a COBOL program, and when PDM (ProgramDevelopment Manager) is given the instruction to compile the file, it "knows" that it should invoke the COBOL compiler. An example of a PF-SRC file and its members is shown below (we will explain how to get to this screen in the section on PDM):

Work with Members Using PDM

File . . . . . . SRCFILE___Library . . . . YOURLIB___ Position to . . . . __________

Type options, press Enter.

2=Edit 3=Copy 4=Delete 5=Display 6=Print7=Rename 8=Display description 9=Save 13=Change text ...

Opt Member Type Text__ NAMEEMP LF Sample DDS Source for a Logical File__ CLPROG CLP Sample Control Language Source Program__ RPGPROG RPG Sample RPG Source Program__ EMPMAST PF Sample DDS Source for a Physical File

__ SCRNMBR DSPF Sample DDS Source for a Display File

Parameters or command===> ___________________________________________________________

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F6=CreateF9=Retrieve F10=Command entry F23=More options F24=More keys

The name of the source physical file is SRCFILE, and it is contained in the library YOURLIB. Although, in the above example, sourcemembers of different types are stored in the same source physical file, you will probably want to store source programs of the same type in aseparate source physical file. For example, you may want to keep all your RPG source programs in a PF-SRC file called, for example,"RPGSRC" and DDS source in a PF-SRC file called, for example, "DDSSRC". You may also use the standard IBM-supplied names such as

"QRPGSRC", "QDDSSRC", and "QCLSRC" for the various PF-SRC files. However, you may choose to include source members of differenttypes belonging to the same application in the same PF-SRC file, as in the above example.

In a data physical file (PF-DTA), the member(s) contains data for use by programs. Normally, a PF-DTA file will only have one member (bydefault, the member's name is the same as the file name). However, it is possible to include multiple members in a single PF-DTA file. For example, you may want to group the records in a sales transactions file so that each member contains data for each month. In this way, eachmonth's data can be processed separately by processing one member at a time. It is important to understand, at this point, the difference






between "source" and "data" in regards to data physical files. In the "Work with Members using PDM" screen above, the "PF" member,"EMPMAST", contains DDS source that defines a physical file. When this source member is compiled (using CRTPF or option 14 in the"Work with Members using PDM" screen), it will produce a *FILE object with attribute PF-DTA. This compiled object is the actual file that isused to hold data records.

A data logical file (*FILE LF-DTA) is a data file that contains no actual data, but provides a different method of viewing the data of anaccompyning data physical file(s) which it internally references. It is similar to the concept of a "view" in SQL. A data logical file is describedto the system using DDS. When the DDS source is compiled, a *FILE object with the attribute LF-DTA is produced.

Another *FILE object type that you may encounter in your programming courses is the device file. A device file contains a description howdata is to be presented to a program from a device or vice versa. Two common types of device files are printer files (*FILE PRTF) and

display files (*FILE DSPF). A printer file describes the attributes that printed output will have, such as the length and width of a printed page.A printer file can be created using the "Create Printer File" (CRTPRTF) command. A display file describes what information is to bedisplayed and where it is to be displayed on the screen of a display station. One way of defining and creating a display file is with the ScreenDesign Aid (SDA) utility.

Other Object Types

A program object (*PGM) is a compiled program. The attribute for a *PGM object indicates the language the program was written in. For instance, when a COBOL source program is compiled, it produces an object with a type of *PGM with the attribute CBL.

An important object type on the AS/400 is the output queue (*OUTQ). On the AS/400, whenever something is printed, the output goes to anoutput queue and it stays there as a spooled file. A spooled files, like a member, is not an object itself but a subset of an object. The spooledfile stays in the output queue until it is directed to a printer or removed. An output queue has already been created for you with the creation of

your user profile. The name of the output queue is normally the same as that of your user profile. Refer to the section "Printing Procedure" inthis manual for more information on printing spooled files.

The relationships between the various objects that have been discussed in this section are as follows:

QSYS (*LIB)[special library]

|| contains|

Library (*LIB)

|| contains|

.------------------+----^-----------------.--------.| | | |

Programs (*PGM) Outqueues (*OUTQ) Files (*FILE) Other[Executable] | | objects

| contains |Spooled Files |

[Output intended for Printer] ||

.----------------^--.| |

Physical Data Logicalfile file(PF) (LF-DTA)| ^ contains

.------^-----. Member(s)| | [Reorginized data]

Source DataPhysical PhysicalFile File

(PF-SRC) (PF-DTA)| |

contains | | contains| |

Member(s) Member(s)[Program source] [Actual Data]

Creating a Library

A library has already been created for during user profile creation. The name of this library is normally the same as that of your user profile. Inthis section, we will create another library and use this library as an example throughout the manual. Note that you can use your default library,

i.e. the library that has the same name as that as your user profile, to store all your application objects.

To create a library, type the CRTLIB ("Create Library") on a command line and press <F4>to prompt on it. Type in the name of the library andenter a brief description for the library. Leave the library type as *PROD (a production library is one that is used for normal processing).

Create Library (CRTLIB)







Library . . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB__ NameLibrary type . . . . . . . . . . *PROD____ *PROD, *TESTText 'description' . . . . . . . Sample_Library__________________

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F10=Additional parameters F12=CancelF13=How to use this display F24=More keys

Press <Enter>. You should see a message at the bottom of the screen saying "Library ... created". If you see the message "Library ... alreadyexists", it means that some other user already has a library by the same name. Note: All libraries are on the same "level" with only QSYSabove them. If you get this message, try another name for the library. Other commands that operate on libraries are:

DSPLIB (Display Library)DLTLIB (Delete Library)WRKLIB (Work with Library).

Creating a Source Physical File

Now, let's create a source physical file in the library that we have just created. To create a source physical file, type CRTSRCPF and press<F4> to prompt on it. Supply the names for the source file and the library that will hold it. Below, we show the display for creating a source filecalled "SRCFILE" in the library "YOURLIB". Press < Enter> and you should see the message "File ... created in library ..." at the bottom of your screen.

Create Source Physical File (CRTSRCPF)


File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name, *CURLIB

Record length . . . . . . . . . 92_______ NumberMember, if desired . . . . . . . *NONE_____ Name, *NONE, *FILEText 'description' . . . . . . . Sample_Source_File___________________


Library Lists

You may have noticed in the previous screen that the "Library" field defaults to the value *CURLIB, meaning the current library. The currentlibrary is tied closely to the concept of a library list. Before we discuss what the current library is, we first explain what a library list is. A librarylist is similar in concept to the "PATH" in Unix and MS-DOS. It specifies which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they aresearched when the system looks for an object. A library list is identified by the value *LIBL. A default library list is automatically created byOS/400 for each job started by a user. Your default library, that is the library that has the same name as that as your user profile, isautomatically included in your library list. You can display your library list by typing DSPLIBL and press <Enter> on a command line. Thefollowing is the library list for the user "JOHNDOE".

Display Library List

System: MKTAS400


5=Display objects in library

Opt Library Type Text__ QSYS SYS System Library__ QHLPSYS SYS__ QUSRSYS SYS *IN USE__ JOHNDOE CUR JOHN DOE's default library__ QTEMP USR__ QGDDM USR__ QGPL USR GENERAL PURPOSE LIBRARY__ QMSU USR MSU generated commands and programs__ QPAS USR__ MBNLQ USR Common Library for MBNLQ ..

__ ONLINE USR COLLECTION - created by SQL

F3=Exit F12=Cancel F17=Top F18=Bottom






Note that you may not have all the libraries in the above list. As you can see, a library list is divided into three parts:

system portionwhich consists of the libraries that are required to run system functions

current librarywhich by default, is the library that has the same name as your user profile (in this case, the library "JOHNDOE"). The current library isthe first user library that is searched before the rest of the user libraries in the list.

user portionwhich consists of libraries that holds user objects. Some user libraries, such as QTEMP, QGPL, and QGDDM come with the systemwhile others are locally supplied. In addition, the user can create their own libraries and add them to their library list.

If a user does not specify a library name when requesting an operation on an object, the libraries in the library list are searched for the object(starting with the system libraries, the current library, and the user libraries). For example, assume that the user "JOHNDOE" has anexecutable program (*PGM object) called "TESTPROG" in the library "YOURLIB". User "JOHNDOE" wants to run the program (using theCALL command) and issues the command CALL TESTPROG. A message will appear stating that the program is not found in the library list.

This is because "YOURLIB" is currently not in the library list. If, however, "TESTPROG" is qualified by "YOURLIB" as CALL YOURLIB/TESTPROG

then the program can be found and executed.

To add a library to the library list, type the "Add Library List Entry" (ADDLIBLE) command, followed by the library name (or prompt on thecommand) ADDLIBLE YOURLIB.

If "JOHNDOE" now issues the the unqualified CALL command, the program can now be located and executed since the library that containsthe program is now in the library list. You can edit your library list using the EDTLIBL command and remove a library list entry using theRMVLIBLE command. "YOURLIB" can be made the current library by typing CHGCURLIB YOURLIB.

Some commands automatically default to the current library (*CURLIB), such as the CRTSRCPF command. Note, however, that bothcommands (ADDLIBLE and CHGCURLIB) are only effective for a particular session. Next time, when "JOHNDOE" signs on, "YOURLIB" willno longer be in their library list and hence, no longer the current library. In the section "Steps in Developing a Program", we will create an"initial program" that will automatically run these commands when a user signs on the system.

Using the Program Development Manager (PDM)

The Program Development Manager (PDM) is a set of utilities under OS/400 designed to simplify the creation and development of software.It automates file and member creation, editing, compilation and program execution, and allows the programmer to manage their environmentfrom a set of standard menus.

Starting PDM

PDM may either be started using the command STRPDM (for Start PDM,) which will produce a menu of options for the level on which theuser wishes to work (libraries, objects, or members,) or using one of three commands which indicate the level at which the user would like towork:

WRKLIBPDM -- Work with libraries using PDMWRKOBJPDM -- Work with objects using PDMWRKMBRPDM -- Work with file members using PDM

Work with Objects

One of the most commonly used commands to start PDM is WRKOBJPDM. This allows the user to work with objects inside a library. TypeWRKOBJPDM and press <F4> to prompt on it.

Work with Objects Using PDM (WRKOBJPDM)


Library . . . . . . . . . . . . *PRV______ *PRV, name, *CURLIBObject . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, name, *generic...Object type . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, *ALL, *ALRTBL, *AUTL..Object attribute . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, attribute, *generic...

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this displayF24=More keys

The *PRV value on the "Library" field indicates that the default is to work on the library the user last worked with. These may be replaced withthe name of a specific library. The "Object" and "Object type" options allow the user to limit which objects will be displayed. Type WRKOBJPDM

and prompt with <F4>.

Work with Objects Using PDM (WRKOBJPDM)


Library . . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ *PRV, name, *CURLIB






Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, name, *generic*...Object type . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, *ALL, *ALRTBL, *AUTL..Object attribute . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, attribute, *generic...


The screen resulting from command WRKOBJPDM, with the library specified as YOURLIB, and *ALL on the other options, is shown below.

Work with Objects Using PDM

Library . . . . . YOURLIB___ Position to . . . . . . __________Position to type . . . . __________

Type options, press Enter.2=Change 3=Copy 4=Delete 5=Display 7=Rename8=Display description 9=Save 10=Restore 11=Move ...

Opt Object Type Attribute Text__ SRCFILE *FILE PF-SRC Sample Source File

Bottom

Parameters or command===> ________________________________________________________________


Presently, there should be just one object in the library, the source physical fi le "SRCFILE" that you have just created.

PDM Options

Options are displayed across the top of the screen (for a list of all the options available in PDM, see Table 1 at the end of this section.) Eachoption is an action which may be performed on an object by placing its number on the "Opt" line next to the object and pressing the < Enter>key. This method of specifying actions on a form listing the objects available is consistent throughout PDM.

There are two important special features which this method of specifying actions offers: First, the options support the prompting facility, andsecond, multiple objects may be operated on in succession. To use the prompting facility, simply press <F4> while an option number is onone of the "Opt" lines. PDM will present the prompt screen for the command associated with that option number. Multiple objects may beoperated on sequentially by placing numbers on more than one Opt line. For example, assume we have two source files in "YOURLIB". Youcan type "5" (Display) against one and type "7" (Rename) against the other. Pressing <Enter> causes PDM to process each option in turn.

More on PDM levels

Moving down levels in PDM is accomplished using the "12" (Work With...) option. At the WRKOBJPDM screen, the action of this optiondepends on the file type. Placing a 12 on the line next to an item on this display will:

If the item is of type *FILE, go to the WRKMBRPDM display for that file (there are different types of WRKMBRPDM displays for sourceand data files.)If the item is of type *OUTQ, go to the "Work With Output Queue" display, allowing the user to work with spooled files.

If the item is of type *PGM, present a display allowing the user to call the program, change its attributes, etc. (programs may also becalled from the WRKOBJPDM screen by using the 16 option.)

When this method of changing levels is used, pressing <Enter> or <F12> (cancel) with no options on the screen returns to the previous level.

Work with Members

The WRKMBRPDM display is the bottom level of PDM. When working with a source physical file at this level, option 2 runs the STRSEUcommand to begin editing a member and 14 calls the compiler for a program of that type (if specific compiler options are needed, for instance the *DEBUG option to include debugging information in the program, remember that the prompting facility may be invoked on anyPDM option.) When working with a physical data file, the "2=change" option is no longer valid. However, the "18" option may be invoked tomodify the file using DFU (Data File Utility).

Type "12" against "SRCFILE" to work with it. The following "Work with Members using PDM" screen appears:

Work with Members Using PDM

File . . . . . . SRCFILE___Library . . . . YOURLIB___ Position to . . . . __________







2=Edit 3=Copy 4=Delete 5=Display 6=Print7=Rename 8=Display description 9=Save 13=Change text ...

Opt Member Type Text(No members in file)

Parameters or command

===> ________________________________________________________________


Presently, there are no members in "SRCFILE". Let's create a member. To do that, press <F6> (Create). This will automatically invoke theSEU editor. Enter the name of the new source member and for its source type, enter "TXT" (i.e. the source member will contain only plaintext). Press <Enter> .

Start Source Entry Utility (STRSEU)


Source file . . . . . . . . . . > SRCFILE___ Name, *PRVLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB, *PRV

Source member . . . . . . . . . SRCMBR____ Name, *PRV, *SELECTSource type . . . . . . . . . . TXT_______ Name, *SAME, BAS, BASP, C...Text 'description' . . . . . . . Sample_Source_Member____________________

Bottom


You will now be inside the SEU editor. For now, press <F3> to quit and type "Y" in the "Change/Create member" field to save the sourcemember. Later on, in the section on SEU we will use this source member. On return to the WRKMBRPDM screen, you will notice that"SRCMBR" is now in "SRCFILE".

The "Work with Members using PDM" screen can be accessed directly using the WRKMBRPDM command. Type this command and press

<F4> to prompt on it. To work with the member that we have just created, enter the names of the library and file as shown below. If you havemany members in your file, you can use the "Member" and/or "Member Type" fields to narrow down the number of members to work with.

Work with Members Using PDM (WRKMBRPDM)

Type choices, press Enter.File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ *PRV, nameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ *PRV, name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, name, *generic...Member type . . . . . . . . . . *ALL______ *PRV, type, *generic...


Work with Libraries

Briefly, the WRKLIBPDM command lets you work with a library or libraries. You will probably use this command least among the three PDMcommands. You can work with the contents of a library by typing 12 against it. This will bring up the "Work with Objects using PDM" screenfor that library.

Table 1: Options in PDM (Some options may not be valid at some levels.)

2: Change Modify an object or edit a source member3: Copy Duplicate an object4: Delete Remove an object from storage5: Display Display the contents of an object6: Print Copy a source member to an output queue7: Rename Change an object's name

8: Display Descrip. Show summary information about an object9: Save Save an object to offline storage10: Restore Retrieve an object from offline storage11: Move Move an object to another library12: Work With Perform operations on the contents of an object13: Change Text Change the text description line for an object14: Compile Compile a source physical file member15: Copy File Copy a *FILE object (has special options)






16: Run Run an object of type *PGM17: Change Using SDA Change a screen design (in a PF-SRC) using SDA18: Change Using DFU Use DFU to change a PF-DTA member25: Find String Find a string of characters in an object

Table 2: Function Keys in PDM

F1: Help Obtain help on an area of PDMF3: Exit Exit PDM or current operationF4: Prompt Display prompt screen for options on screenF5: Refresh Redraw the screen with updated informationF6: Create Create a library, file, or member

F9: Retrieve Recall a previous command to the command lineF10: Command Entry Display an OS/400 command entry screenF11: Display Toggle Switch to/from brief display modeF12: Cancel Cancel an operationF13: Repeat Copy an option number to all linesF14: Source Type Toggle Switch between date and type display in PF-SRCF15: Sort Change member list sort criteriaF16: User Options Specify user-defined commands to PDMF17: Subset Limit the list on the screen to certain typesF18: Change Defaults Change PDM user settingsF21: Print List Print the object list on the screenF23: More Options Display more PDM option numbers, if availableF24: More Keys Display more function keys, if available

Control Language Command Syntax

The purpose of this section is to provide a more formal presentation of CL commands. As you would probably know by now, a CL commandis a way of of invoking functions and calling system services. A CL command is made up of two parts: (1) a command name and (2)parameters.

Command Structure

First, let's consider the command name. A command is made made up of two components:

1. a VERB and2. a SUBJECT. The verb consists of three characters and is the "action" component of the command. Some common verbs and their

meanings are shown below: ADD - Add ItemCHG - Change

CPY - CopyCRT - CreateDLT - DeleteDSP - Display itemEND - Stop a program which was started with a STRGRT - GrantMOV - MoveRMV - Remove itemRST - RestoreRTV - RetrieveRVK - RevokeSET - SetSND - SendSTR - Start (a program or utility)WRK - Work with

The subject component of the command specifies the item that the verb acts on. Some examples of verb/subject combinations are:

CRTSRCPF - Create Source Physical FileWRKOBJPDM - Work with Objects Using PDMSTRPDM - Start PDM

ADDLIBLE - Add Library List Entry

CL commands can be found in several ways. The command GO CMDxxx can be used to get a menu of commands related to xxx (where xxxcan be a verb or subject). Another way of finding commands is to press <F4> on any command line. This will bring up the "CommandGrouping Menu" where each option represents a group of related commands. The first option SLTCMD ("Select Command by Name") canbe used to obtain a list of commands using a wildcard character (e.g. SLTCMD CR* will list all commands starting with CR).

Parameters

A CL command can have zero, one, or more parameters. A command may have some parameters that are required and some that areoptional. A system-defined default value (prefixed by "*") is usually assigned to an optional parameter if the user does not specify a value for it.






So far in this manual, we have been using the <F4> prompt facility for specifying parameters. Another way of specifying parameters is thefree format or command line method. You may want to use this method if you remember exactly what parameter information is needed for acommand. Using this method, parameters can be specified in:

1. keyword form,2. positional form, or 3. a combination of both.

A parameter that is specified in keyword form will have a keyword followed immediately by a value (or list of values). For example, WRKOBJPDM

LIB(YOURLIB) OBJ(SRCFILE) There must not be any blanks between the keyword and the left parenthesis. Parameters in keyword form can

be specified in any order.

In the positional form, parameters are specified without keywords. The parameter values must be positionally matched with the keywords inthe parameter set for that command. The above example can be specified in positional form as follows WRKOBJPDM YOURLIB SRCFILE.

Positional parameters are often limited to the first three or four parameters. If you do not want to specify a value for one of the parameters,the system-defined value, *N, can be entered in the position of that parameter. For example, the following command will display all objects of type *FILE in the library YOURLIB. WRKOBJPDM YOURLIB *N *FILE *N will map to the default value for that parameter, which in this case is

*ALL. Note that when using the WRKMBRPDM command, the file name and library name fields are actually one parameter (a file name plusa library qualifier). If the reference is to a file in a specific library, the file name must be qualified with a slash, "/", character in both keywordand positional forms WRKMBRPDM YOURLIB/SRCFILE SRCMBRWRKMBRPDM FILE(YOURLIB/SRCFILE) MBR(SRCMBR)

If only the file name is specified, as in the following statement WRKMBRPDM SRCFILE the library qualifier will default to the library list (*LIBL).

A CL command can use a combination of both positional and keyword parameters, for example WRKMBRPDM YOURLIB/SRCFILE

MBRTYPE(TXT). Note that the "Member" parameter, which is in between the second and third parameters in the parameter set, is omitted.

One restriction of this mixed form of specifying parameters is that positional parameters cannot follow keyword parameters. For example,the following is invalid WRKOBJPDM LIB(YOURLIB) SRCFILE.

Using the SEU Editor

Introduction

The IBM AS/400 provides an integrated set of Application Development Tools (ADT) to design, develop and maintain applications. One suchtool is the Programming Development Manager (PDM) that offers the following:

Integrated application development environment.List-oriented selection of items for development or maintenance.

Extendable interface to tools through user-defined options.

Another tool is the Source Entry Utility (SEU) that offers a full screen editor providing syntax checking of source statements. PDM is one toolthat may be used to access the SEU.

In this SEU tutorial, we will use the source member we created in the previous section.

Starting the Editor

Type STRPDM (Start Program Development Manager) on any command line, and press <Enter> . The PDM menu is displayed. Choose option

3 to Work with members. The "Work with members" screen shows up. You can also reach this screen by typing WRKMBRPDM (Work with

members using PDM) on any command line and pressing <F4> . In either case, supply the necessary source file (SRCFILE) and library(YOURLIB) information and press Enter.

Type 2 on the "Opt" line to edit the source member "SRCMBR".

Press <Enter> . You are now in the full-screen EDIT mode.

Columns . . . .: 1 80 EditSEU==>_______________________________________________________ SRCMBR

FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5...+... 6 ...+.

*************** Beginning of data ********************************'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''****************** End of data ***********************************

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=RefreshF10=Top F11=Bottom F24=More keys






If you press <Enter> without typing anything, the screen readjusts as shown:

Columns . . . .: 1 80 EditSEU==> _______________________________________________________ SRCMBR

FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5...+... 6 ...+.

*************** Beginning of data *************************************************** End of data ************************************


Type I (for insert) on the first line as shown and press <Enter> .

Columns . . . .: 1 80 Edit

SEU==> _______________________________________________________ SRCMBR

FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5...+... 6 ...+. I*************** Beginning of data *************************************************** End of data ************************************

Now, you may start typing in the desired text. Below, we show a sample TEXT document that will be used in the next section for i llustrating theuse of various SEU line commands.

Columns . . . .: 1 80 Edit

SEU==> _________________________________________________________ SRCMBR

FMT ** ...+... 1 ...+... 2 ...+... 3 ...+... 4 ...+... 5...+... 6 ...+.*************** Beginning of data *********************************

0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.

0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ************************************

Notice the sequence numbers of records at the extreme left. The sequence number field of a record is used to specify the line commands.For more information on line commands see 'Using SEU line commands'.

To save the current member and exit SEU follow the following procedure 'Exiting the Editor.'

Exiting the Editor

To exit SEU press <F3>. The exit display shows up:

Exit


Change/create member . . . . . . . Y Y=Yes, N=NoMember . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRCMBR____ NameFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Description_for_the_member._____Resequence member . . . . . . . . Y Y=Yes, N=No

Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0001.00___ 0000.01 - 9999.99Increment . . . . . . . . . . . 01.00____ 00.01 - 99.99Print member . . . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=NoReturn to editing . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=NoGo to member list . . . . . . . . . N Y=Yes, N=No

F3=Exit F5=Refresh F12=Cancel






If you wish to save the changes you have made, you may simply press < Enter> .

The default values supplied for most of the options above are self-explanatory. However, note the following:

If you have decided not to quit the editor, press <F12> to cancel the exit display. This returns you back to the editing mode.The default value for 'Change/create member' is Y, if the member is modified, otherwise N. Type N in this field only if you do not want tosave changes made to your member.The default value for 'Return to editing' option is N, if your member did not have any syntax errors. However, if syntax errors do persist,the system supplies Y in this field and returns back to the editing mode ( unless you explicitly type N and force it to exit ).

Using Line Commands

SEU supports various line commands that guide us in editing an existing member. For example, command C is used to copy lines, command

M for moving lines and so on. The SEU line commands are entered over the digits that make up the sequence number of a record. In the

following discussion, a sample TEXT document is used to illustrate the use of the various commands. Note: If you type a line command,and then you decide to cancel it, use <F5> to refresh the screen.

To edit a member that has already been created,

Use the command WRKMBRPDM as explained in the previous section, reach the 'Work with members using PDM' display.Use the tab keys to position the cursor at the desired member, and type option 2. The screen for editing that member will show up.

For example, to edit the member SRCMBR created before, type WRKMBRPDM YOURLIB/SRCFILE on any command line, and press < Enter> .

From the "Work with members using PDM" display, type option 2 in front of member SRCMBR and press <Enter> . The edit display for this

member is shown:

Columns . . . .: 1 71 Edit YOURLIB/SRCFILE

SEU==> _________________________________________________________ SRCMBRFMT CB......-A+++B++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.00

0007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************


Inserting a line

To insert a line after a particular record, type I (insert) on the sequence number field of that record, and press <Enter> .

*************** Beginning of data ********************************

I001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************


The screen adjusts as shown below. Type in the line to be inserted and press <Enter> .

Columns . . . .: 1 71 Edit YOURLIB/SRCFILESEU==> ________________________________________________________ SRCMBRFMT CB






......-A+++B+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +*************** Beginning of data ********************************

0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.''''''' PROGRAM-ID. SAMPLE.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************


Copying a line

To copy the "Begin First Block" line to the end of the program, type C (copy) in the sequence number field, and press Enter. Note the

message on the top that indicates a pending Copy line command.

Columns . . . .: 1 71 Edit YOURLIB/SRCFILESEU==> _________________________________________________________ SRCMBRFMT CB......-A+++B++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.00C Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

Type A (after) on the last line as shown, and press Enter. This results in the pending line to be copied after the line you have indicated.

Columns . . . .: 1 71 Edit YOURLIB/SRCFILESEU==> __________________________________________________________ SRCMBRFMT CB......-A+++B++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*************** Beginning of data********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.00C Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.A010.00

****************** End of data ************************************

The program looks as shown below, after the copy. To move a single line, use the command M (move) and follow the procedure as explained

above for copy.

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.

0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.000011.00 Begin First Block.






****************** End of data ***********************************

Deleting a line

To delete a line, type D (delete) in front of it and press <Enter> . The line that was just copied may be deleted as shown below:

*************** Beginning of data*****************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.000003.00 Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.0006.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00D011.00 Begin First Block.

****************** End of data ***********************************

Block Move

To move a block, type MM at the beginning and the end of the block, and press <Enter> . Now, the target for the move has to be specified. The

Block Move is illustrated below; the first block of text being moved after the second one.

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.00MM Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.MM0007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

Type A on the last line to move the block to the end of the program.

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.00MM Begin First Block.0004.00 Text for the first block ...0005.00 End First Block.MM0007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.A010.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

Here is the member after the move:

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.000011.00 Begin First Block.0012.00 Text for the first block ...0013.00 End First Block.0014.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

Block Copy






Enclose the block to be copied withinCC commands, and specify the target. The block copy resembles the block move explained above.

Note below, that B is specified as the target, to copy the block before the indicated line.

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.00CC Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.

CC0011.00 Begin First Block.0012.00 Text for the first block ...0013.00 End First Block.B

****************** End of data ***********************************

Block Delete

To delete a block, enclose it within DD commands and press <Enter> . The block that was just copied may be deleted as shown:

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.

0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.000011.00 Begin First Block.0012.00 Text for the first block ...0013.00 End First Block.DD Begin Second Block.0013.02 Text for second block ...0013.03 End Second Block.DD0014.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

The source member looks as follows, after our experimentation with the above line commands:

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0001.00 THIS IS A TEXT DOCUMENT.0001.01 It illustrates the use of SEU line commands.0002.000007.00 Begin Second Block.0008.00 Text for second block ...0009.00 End Second Block.0010.000011.00 Begin First Block.0012.00 Text for the first block ...0013.00 End First Block.0014.00

****************** End of data ***********************************

To get a complete list of commands for SEU place the cursor on the sequence number list and press the help key.

SEU Commands

SEU commands are entered in the "SEU==>" field at the top of the screen.

FIND

Search for an occurrence of a character string. If the string contains embedded blanks, apostrophes, or quotation marks, it should beenclosed in quotation marks. Several direction parameters are available: N (Next), P (Previous), F (First), L (Last), and A (All). The scope of the search can be specified using search parameters: X (excluded records) and NX (non-excluded records). The syntax of FIND is FIND

string [N,P,A,F,L] [X,NX] [column parameter]. Examples:

F XYZF 'hello there'

F *ERR A find all syntax errorsF "'XYZ'"






Use the F16 "Repeat Find" key to find the next occurrence of a string.

CHANGE

Find all occurrences of a character string and replace it with another string. The syntax is CHANGE fstring cstring [N,P,A,F,L] [X,NX]

[column parameter]

TOP

Go to the first page of the work screen.

BOTTOM

Go to the last page of the work screen.

SAVE

Save changes and continue editing. SAVE [ [ [ library/ ] file ] member ]

FILE

Save changes and exit from edit session. FILE [ [ [ library/ ] file ] member ]

CANCEL

Cancel session and exit session.

SET

See the IBM SEU manual for more information.

Function Keys in SEU

When a member is being edited, the Edit display supports a diverse set of function keys that allow you to perform specific tasks.

______________________________________________________________________________

Key Name Function______________________________________________________________________________F1 Help Press the help key for details about the display.F3 Exit End the current task, returns to previous entry point.F4 Prompt Provides assistance for the options selected

in the list or a command on a command line.PDM will fill in the default values.

F5 Refresh Refresh the current display. Rebuilds display andshows it again.

F10 Cursor Moves the cursor from the data area to the SEUcommand line, and from the SEU command line tothe data area.

F11 Previous Record Places the previous record in the prompt.F13 Change Session Go to the Change Session Defaults Defaults

display.F14 Find/Change Options Go the Find/Change Options display.

F15 Browse/Copy Options Go the Browse/Copy Options display.F16 Repeat Find Perform find or repeat current find.F17 Repeat Change Perform change or repeat current change

function.F18 DBCS Conversion Perform DBCS conversion.F19 Left View the info. to the left of the current display.F20 Right View the info. to the right of the current display.F23 Select Prompt Go to the Select Prompt display. SEU returns

to the EDIT Session and displays the promptafter you make a selection.

F24 More keys View the other function keys available for thecurrent display.

Summary of Line Commands

The Sequence_number field displays the sequence number of the record and is used for entering SEU line commands. To use a linecommand, type the command over the digits that make up the sequence number.

The following is a list of all the valid commands:

A=After Move or copy records after this record. An=After with repeat n times Move or copy records after this record and repeat these records n times.






B=Before Move or copy records before this record.Bn=Before with repeat n times Move or copy records before this record and repeat these records n times.C=Copy Line Copy this line to a specified target.Cn=Copy n lines Copy this line plus the next n-1 lines to the specified target.CC=Block Copy Copy all lines between the boundaries formed by the two CC commandsCR=Copy records and retain command Copy this record to the specified targets and keep this command on the display.CRn=Copy n records and retain command. Copy n records to the specified targets and keep this command on the display.CCR=Copy block records and retain command Copy the block of records defined by a pair of CCR commands to the specifiedtargets and keep this command on the display.D=Delete Delete the current line.Dn=Delete n lines Delete the current line and the next n-1 lines.DD=Block Delete Delete all lines between the two DD boundaries.F=Display format lineDisplay a format line.I=Insert a line Insert a blank line after the current record.In=Insert n lines Insert n blank lines after this record.IP=Insert line and prompt Insert a blank line and display the line in a prompt.L=Shift data 1 char left Shift data in this record one character position to the left without losing data.Ln=Shift data n chars left Shift data in this record n character positions to the left without losing data.LL=Shift block 1 char to the left Shift data defined by the boundary between and including the two LL line commands one character position to the left without losing data.LLn=Shift block n chars to the left Shift data defined by the boundary between and including the LLn and LL line commands n character positions to the left.M=Move a line Move a line to a specified target.

Mn=Move n lines Move the current line and the following n-1 lines to a specified target.MM=Block Move Move all records between and including the boundaries defined by the MM line commands to a specified target.O=Overlay Overlay the current line with the first line defined by the move, copy, or copy repeated line command.On=Overlay n lines Overlay this line and the following n-1 lines with the first n lines defined by the move, copy, or copy repeated linecommand.OO=Block overlay Overlay all the records between and including the boundaries defined by two OO line commands with the linesdefined by the move, copy, or copy repeated line command.P=Display prompt Type P to display this line in a prompt.R=Shift data 1 char right Shift data in the current record one character position to the right without losing data.Rn=Shift data n chars right Shift data in the current record n character positions to the right without losing data.RR=Block shift 1 char to the right Shift data defined by the boundary between and including the two RR line commands one character position to the right without losing data.RRn=Block shift n chars to the right Shift data defined by the boundary between and including the RRn and RR line commands ncharacter positions to the right, without losing data.RP=Repeat line Repeat the current line once before the following line.RPn=Repeat line n times Repeat the current line n times before the following line.RPP=Block repeat Repeat all lines defined by the boundary between the two RPP line commands.RPPn=Block repeat Repeat all lines defined by the boundary between the two RPP line commands n times.SF=Show first record Show the first record of the exclude group.SFn=Show first n records Show the first n records of the exclude group.SL=Show last record Show the last record of the exclude groupSLn=Show last n records Show the last n records of the exclude group.W=Display member from column 1 Display the member beginning in column 1.Wn=Display member from column n Display the member beginning in column n.X=Exclude Exclude the current record from the display.Xn=Exclude plus Exclude the the current record and the next n-1 records.XX=Block Exclude Exclude all lines between the boundaries formed by the two XX line commands.

+ (plus sign)=Roll member forward 1 line Roll the member forward one line.+n=Roll member forward n lines Roll the member forward n lines.- (minus sign)=Roll member backward 1 line Roll the member backward one line.-n=Roll member backward n lines Roll the member backward n lines.n=Absolute Positioning Position the line identified by the sequence number(n) as the first record on the display.

Steps in Developing a Program

In this section, we are going to use a simple Control Language (CL) program to illustrate the steps in developing, compiling, and running aprogram on the AS/400. We will also demonstrate how to find compilation errors when they occur, and how to obtain information aboutcertain compilation and runtime errors. The intention here is not to teach CL programming.

The CL program is very simple; all it does is make the library that you have created (in my case, YOURLIB) the current library while retainingthe existing current library on the library list. First, let's create a source physical (PF-SRC) file called QCLSRC (the IBM-supplied name for a

CL source physical file). The command line form of issuing CL commands will be used in this section (you may want to use the <F4>promptfacility to assist you if you are not familiar with the commands). The following creates a PF-SRC file in the library ALIBRARY. ALIBRARYrepresents the library that has the same name as your user profile or your other library, that is the one you created in an earlier section.

CRTSRCPF FILE(ALIBRARY/QCLSRC)

Once the PF-SRC file has been created work with the file b t in :






WRKMBRPDM FILE(ALIBRARY/QCLSRC)

Then create a source member called TEST in QCLSRC by pressing <F6> . This will start the SEU editor. Enter TEST for the name of thesource member, CLP for the source type (to see what source types are available, put the cursor on the "Source type" field and press <F4> ),and a brief description of the source member. Once you have entered all the necessary information, press <Enter> . You will enter a SEUediting session. Type in the following program:

*************** Beginning of data ********************************0002.00 PGM0003.00 DCL VAR(&OLDCURLIB) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(10)0004.00 RTVJOBA CURLIB(&OLDCURLIB)0005.00 CHGCURLIB CURLIB(&YOURLIB) /* intentional error */0006.00 ADDLIBLE LIB(&OLDCURLIB)0007.00 ENDPGM

****************** End of data ***********************************

You can use the SEU line command, IP (insert line and prompt), to help you in selecting a CL command. Also, note that CL programs are"free format" in that components of CL statements do not have to be placed in particular columns on the screen (some source types, such asRPG, are "fixed-format"; the IP line command can help enormously in coding such programs).

A CL program begins with the PGM command, which is optional if the CL program does not receive any parameters. (Aside: If a CLprogram has a parameter named &MYVAR, the PGM statement is coded as: PGM PARM(&MYVAR). The ampersand symbol, "&", denotesthat &MYVAR is a variable. In this case, &MYVAR will be used to hold the parameter's value. Moreover, the variable &MYVAR has to be

declared using the DCL command.) For more information, the reader is referred to the IBM "CL Programmer's Guide" or the onlineeducation modules: "AS/400 Control Language Programming" in the "Tutorial Support System" course, and the modules "Creating a ControlLanguage Program" and "How to Use Error Handling Facilities" in the "Facilities and Implementation" course.

The second statement declares a CL variable called &OLDCURLIB. This variable will be used to save the name of the existing currentlibrary. The variable will be used to hold a character string with a maximum length of 10. Note that SEU provides syntax checking for CLprograms. Remove the parameters of DCL so that the statement contains only "DCL", and press <Enter> . SEU will highlight that statement,indicating that there is a syntax error. SEU will not let you exit an editing session that has syntax errors unless you explicitly specify that youwant to exit in the exit screen. Put the parameters back on the DCL statement.

The RTVJOBA command, on the third statement, is used to retrieve the name of the job's existing current library, saving it in the variable&OLDCURLIB. The reason for this step will be explained shortly.

The CHGCURLIB command, on the fourth statement, is used to make YOURLIB the new current library (where "YOURLIB" is any existing

library that you have access to). Notice that we have intentionally introduced an error in this statement. We have mistakenly prefixedYOURLIB with "&", that is we really wantCHGCURLIB CURLIB(YOURLIB)instead of CHGCURLIB CURLIB(&YOURLIB).

A name with "&" as its prefix denotes that it is a CL variable. This is an error because if we intended &YOURLIB to be a variable, it must bedeclared in a DCL statement. Note that SEU cannot detect this kind of error. This error will be detected during compilation.

The ADDLIBLE command, on the fifth statement, adds the name of the former current library (which we saved in the variable &OLDCURLIBin the RTVJOBA statement) to the library list. This step is needed if we want this library to stay on the library list. This is because when theCHGCURLIB command is executed, the "old" current library will not be retained on the library list. Hence, the need to use RTVJOBA to savethe name of that library, and to add it back on the library list using ADDLIBLE. The last statement, ENDPGM, indicates the end of the CLprogram. Now, exit and save the program as it is (i.e. with the error).

Compiling a Program

In the "Work with Members using PDM" screen, enter option 14 to compile the member that contain the CL source program. Option 14, inthis case, will invoke the CRTCLPGM (Create CL Program) command. Option 14 will invoke a different "create program" command for adifferent source type (e.g. if the source type is CBL, it will invoke the CRTCBLPGM command). If you prompt on the option (ie. press <F4>when you use option 14), you will see the following screen:

Create CL Program (CRTCLPGM)Type choices, press Enter.Program . . . . . . . . . . . . > TEST Name, *PGMIDLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > ALIBRARY Name, *CURLIB

Source file . . . . . . . . . . > QCLSRC NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > ALIBRARY Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Source member . . . . . . . . . > TEST Name, *PGMGeneration severity level . . . 29 0-29Text 'description' . . . . . . . *SRCMBRTXT

Additional Parameters

Replace program . . . . . . . . > *YES *NO, *YESBottom







The "Program" field specifies the name of the *PGM object that will be created if the compilation is successful. This name defaults to nameof the source member. The "Library" field specifies the library that will contain the *PGM object. The default is the library that contains thesource member. You can change these default values. Unless you want to rename the *PGM object or put it in another library, accept thedefaults.

On pressing <Enter> , you will see a message at the bottom of the screen saying that the compilation job has been submitted to QBATCH,which is the job queue for batch jobs. If there are no compilation errors, you will receive a message saying that the job completed normally.Since there is an error in the above program, a message will return saying that the job has ended abnormally, meaning there are compilationerrors. Press <Enter>to continue.

Finding Compilation Errors

To find out the cause of the compilation error, type WRKSPLF to see what's in your output queue. There should be a spooled file with thesame name as your source member (the compiler listing) and a job log (QPJOBLOG). Type 5 against QPJOBLOG to display it. Thereshould be a message stating that the program was not created because of compilation error. The message will refer you to the compiler listing of the program. Press <Enter> to exit this display. Type 5 to display the contents of the compiler listing of the program. A segment of that listing is presented here:

200- PGM300- DCL VAR(&OLDCURLIB) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(10)400- RTVJOBA CURLIB(&OLDCURLIB)500- CHGCURLIB CURLIB(&YOURLIB)

* CPD0727 40 Variable '&YOURLIB ' is referred to but not declared.600- ADDLIBLE LIB(&OLDCURLIB)700- ENDPGM

* * * * * E N D O F S O U R C E * * * * *

5738SS1 V2R1M1 920306 Control Language YOURLIB/TEST

Cross ReferenceDeclared VariablesName Defined Type Length References&OLDCURLIB 300 *CHAR 10 400 600

* CPD0791 00 No labels used in program.

* * * * * E N D O F C R O S S R E F E R E N C E *5738SS1 V2R1M1 920306 Control Language YOURLIB/TEST

Message SummarySeverity

Total 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-992 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Program TEST not created in library YOURLIB. Maximum error severity 40.

There are two errors in the listing (errors are marked with "*" in column 1): the first with a severity of 40 and the second with severity of 0. Thesecond error is only an information message; it is not the cause of the compilation failure. The meaning of first error is evident; it is the causeof the failure. You can use the DSPMSGD (Display Message Description) command to get more information about a compilation error. For example, to get more details about the error CPD0727 DSPMSGD RANGE(CPD0727) MSGF(QCPFMSG)where QCPFMSG is the system message

file and CPD0727 is the message ID. Let's go back to the source member and fix the problem.

Using SEU to Find Compilation Errors

You may want to use SEU to view your compiler listing instead of the way discussed above, especially if the compiler listing is too lengthy toscan by eye. SEU provides special support for locating compilation errors. To view a spooled file while you are in SEU, press <F15>(Browse/Copy). Enter 2 in the selection field. Place the cursor on the "Browse/copy spool file" field and press <F4>. Select the appropriatespool file. On return to the editing session, you should see a split screen with the member you are editing on top and the spooled file on thebottom. To find compilation errors, in the bottom screen type FIND *ERR on the SEU command line (or simply, F *ERR). An advantage of using SEU for this purpose is that you can see both the source member and the compiler listing on the same screen, and make thecorrections to the source member on the spot.

Using SEU, edit the source member to remove the ampersand, "&", from YOURLIB. The program should compile normally after this change.To make the situation more interesting, let's introduce another type of error. In the ADDLIBLE statement, specify some library name that youdo not own or one that you are not authorized to use. In our example, we specify a nonexistent library called DOGNAP, that is ADDLIBLE

DOGNAP. The rest of the source remain the same as before (except for removing the ampersand character). Compile the source member (you

will probably be asked if you want to delete the existing *PGM object. Respond with a "Y"). The program should compile normally. The *PGM

object will be created in the library that contains your source file unless you specified otherwise.

Running a Program

Use the WRKOBJPDM command to work with the library that contain the *PGM object that was created. Type 16 against the *PGM object torun/execute it. Alternatively, you can run the program by using the CALL command (in fact, option 16 invokes the CALL command). If the






library that contains the *PGM object is in your library list, type CALL TEST on a command line. If the library is not in your library list, you can still

run the program by qualifying it with the library name CALL ALIBRARY/TEST The example program used here does not take any input

parameters. But if you created a program that requires an input parameter(s), you can pass the parameter value(s) by prompting on either the option 16 or the CALL command. If your program takes more than one input parameter, type '+' on the "Parameters" field and press<Enter> . This will bring another screen that allows you to enter multiple parameters. You can also us pass parameters using the commandline method. For example, CALL MYPROG PARM(parameter1 parameter2 ...)

Diagnosing Runtime Errors

In any case, when you run the program, you will get a runtime or object error message similar to the one below:

Display Program Messages

Job 287471/T03/DSP02 started on 07/20/92 at 13:48:44 in subsystem QINTER

CPF2110 received by TEST at 600. (C D I R)

Type reply, press Enter.

Reply . . . ________________________________________________________

F3=Exit F12=Cancel

To find out the cause of the error, place the cursor on the message id (in this case CPF2110) and press <F1>. You see a screen similar tothe one below. The message text, in this case, indicated clearly what the problem is, i.e. the library DOGNAP was not found. Sometimes youcan obtain additional messages by pressing <F10> to display messages in the job log.

Additional Message Information

Message ID . . . . . . : CPA0701 Severity . . . . . .: 99Message type . . . . . : INQUIRYDate sent . . . . . . . : 07/20/92 Time sent . . . . .: 14:00:05From program . . . . . : QCLXERR Instruction . . . .: 0000

To program . . . . . . : *EXT Instruction . . . .: 0000Message . . . . : CPF2110 received by TEST at 600. (C D I R)

Cause . . . . . : Control language (CL) program TEST inlibrary YOURLIBdetected an error at statement number 600. Message text for CPF2110 is:Library DOGNAP not found.

Recovery . . . : This inquiry message can be avoided bychanging the

program. Monitor for the error (MONMSG command) and perform errorrecovery within the program. To continue, choose a reply value.

Possible choices for replying to message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :C -- Cancel the CL program.D -- Dump the CL program variables and cancel the CL program.I -- Ignore the failing command.

More...

Press Enter to continue.

F3=Exit F10=Display messages in job log F12=Cancel

Again, the DSPMSGD ("Display Message Description") command can be used to obtain more information about the error. For example,DSPMSGD RANGE(CPF2110) MSGF(QCPFMSG) where QCPFMSG is the system message file and CPF2110 is the message ID.

Press <Enter> to cancel the program. Go back to the source member, fix the error, and recompile. The next time you run the program, itshould run without any problems. Type DSPLIBL to check whether the library has been added and whether it has been made the currentlibrary.

Creating an Initial Program

An initial program is similar to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file in MS-DOS. It is executed when the user logs on. The initial program has to reside inyour default library (i.e. the library with the same name as your user profile) and it has to be named INITIALPGM. For instance, you can makethe above CL program your initial program. Rename the source member to INITIALPGM and recompile it. If you created the source member in a another library, when you recompile it using the option 14, press < F4>to prompt on it. Specify your default library as the library where the*PGM object is to be stored.

Understanding Object Authorities






Introduction

To maintain security of data and/or program objects the AS/400 offers a variety of options available to limit access to object. Theseauthorities must be set to secure object to the level of security required. Likewise, if objects are to be shared or used between users, theobject authorities must be relaxed correctly to maintain object integrity. This section is designed to help users maintain correct authoritiesand to understand the authorities on the objects that they own.

Authorities and their meanings

Object Authorities

Object authority is used to control access to an object including the ability to see an object description, control read and write access to anobject, or control an object's existence.

*OBJMGTprovides the authority to specify the security (grant/revoke object authority), move or rename the object, and add members to databasefile.

*OBJEXISTprovides the authority to control the object existence and ownership. The user with this authority can delete, save, and transfer ownership of the object.

*OBJOPRprovides the authority to look at the description of an object and use the object as determined by the data authority that the user has tothe object.

Data Authorities

Data authority is the authority to access data contained in an object, for example records in a database file. This includes the ability to view,update, add, or delete records.

*READprovides the authority to get the contents or an entry in an object or to run a program.

*ADDprovides the authority to add entries to an object.

*UPDprovides the authority to change the entries in an object.

*DLTprovides the authority to remove entries from an object.

Combinations of Object and Data Authorities

These are keywords, each representing predefined combination of object and data authorities. They reduce the time required to assignspecific authorities to users.

*ALLallows the user to perform all authorized operations (object and data) on the object.

*CHANGEprovides *OBJOPR authority and all data authority.

*USEprovides *OBJOPR authority and data read authority.

*EXCLUDEauthority prevents the user from accessing the object even if *PUBLIC is authorized.

In addition to these, users can create customized combinations of object and data authorities.

Changing authorities with EDTOBJAUT

We use an example here to illustrate the use of some of the types of authorities discussed above. In this example, we want to allow a certainuser to copy a member from the file "SRCFILE" which is stored in the library "YOURLIB". First of all, we need to allow the user to haveaccess to the library "YOURLIB". To do that, we use the "Edit Object Authority", EDTOBJAUT, command to edit the authority on "YOURLIB".(Note that your default library, i.e. the library that has the same name as your user profile, is normally owned by your security officer so youcannot change its authorities). Type EDTOBJAUT on a command line and press <F4>. Fill in the blanks for object, library, and object type(*LIB) and press <Enter> .

Edit Object Authority (EDTOBJAUT)

Type choices, press Enter.Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . > YOURLIB NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Object type . . . . . . . . . . > *LIB *ALRTBL, *AUTL, *CFGL...

To see the detail screen as shown below, press <F11>. Note that the owner of "YOURLIB" has *ALL authority on the object.






Edit Object Authority

Object . . . . . . . : YOURLIB Object type . . . . : *LIB

Library . . . . . : QSYS Owner . . . . . . . : JOHNDOE

Type changes to current authorities, press Enter.

Object secured by authorization list . . . . . . . . . . . .: *NONE

Object ----Object----- ----------Data-----------

User Authority Opr Mgt Exist Read Add Update DeleteJOHNDOE *ALL X X X X X X X*PUBLIC *EXCLUDE _ _ _ _ _ _ _

F3=Exit F5=Refresh F6=Add new users F10=Grant with reference objectF11=Nondisplay detail F12=Cancel F17=Top F18=Bottom

Press <F6> to add a user to the list of users authorized to this object. Type in the name of the user and *USE for the object authority. Press<Enter> to return to the previous screen. Notice that *USE gives the user *OBJOPR and *READ authorities on "YOURLIB". (Note: If you wantto edit a specific authority, type "X" in the position relating to that authority to grant authority or a space to delete that authority.)

Next, we need to allow the user access to the file "SRCFILE". Use EDTOBJAUT to edit the authority on the file "SRCFILE". Type EDTOBJAUTOBJ(YOURLIB/SRCFILE) OBJTYPE(*FILE) or use the prompt to fill in the parameters. Press <F6> to add the user to the authorization list with

*USE authority. This will allow them to do perform various operations on "SRCFILE" including copying members from the file. To allow themto copy the entire file (i.e. "SRCFILE"), *OBJMGT must be granted. To do that, type "X" under "Mgt" in the detail screen for that user. Notethat the object authority changes from *USE to USER DEF (meaning a customized authority).

Changing Authorities with GRTOBJAUT and RVKOBJAUT

To use GRTOBJAUT and RVKOBJAUT type the command and prompt <F4>. Fill in the library name, object name, object type along with theuser you are granting authorities and the respective authority being granted. At any time press <F1> for more help.

Sending and Receiving Network Files

Users can send and receive network files to and from each other. The "Send Network File" (SNDNETF) command can be used to send amember of a physical database file (PF-DTA or PF-SRC) to another user. In the example shown below, the member "SNDMBR" of thephysical database file "SNDFILE" (which is contained in the library "SNDLIB") is to be sent to the user "RCV". "MKTAS400" is the addressof the AS/400 at Minnesota State University, Mankato. When the network file arrives at its destination, a message is sent to both the sender and receiver.

Send Network File (SNDNETF)

Type choices, press Enter.File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > SNDFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > SNDLIB____ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

User ID: _User ID . . . . . . . . . . . > RCV_______ Character valueAddress . . . . . . . . . . . > MKTAS400__ Character value

+ for more values _

Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . > SNDMBR____ Name, *FIRST

Additional ParametersTo file type . . . . . . . . . . *FROMFILE_ *FROMFILE, *DATA

VM/MVS class . . . . . . . . . . A A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, ISend priority . . . . . . . . . *NORMAL__ *NORMAL, *HIGH


The receiver will have to run the "Work with Network Files" (WRKNETF) command to inspect their network files.

Work with Network Files (WRKNETF)

User . . . . . . . . . . . . : RCV_______User ID/Address . . . . . . : RCV_______ MKTAS400


1=Receive network file 3=Submit job 4=Delete network file5=Display physical file member






File -------From-----------Arrival----Opt File Member Number User ID Address Date Time__ SNDFILE SNDMBR 1 SENDER MKTAS400 08/26/92 16:37

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F11=Display type/recordsF12=Cancel

Type 1 in the "Opt" blank in front of the network file to receive and press <F4>to prompt. The following screen will show up.

Receive Network File (RCVNETF)

Type choices, press Enter.From file . . . . . . . . . . . > 'SNDFILE'__ Character valueTo data base file . . . . . . . *FROMFILE__ Name, *FROMFILELibrary . . . . . . . . . . . *LIBL____ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Member to be received . . . . . > 'SNDMBR'__ Character value, *ONLYTo member . . . . . . . . . . . *FROMMBR____ Name, *FROMMBR, *FIRST


Fill in the "To data base file", "Library", and "To member" blanks with the appropriate receiving file, library and member names and press

<Enter>. Note that the receiving file must already exist before trying to receive members.

Printing Procedure

When programs on the AS/400 produce output intended to be printed the material does not go directly to the printer. Instead the output isbundled together with other output in an object called an "output queue" (*OUTQ). These sub objects are called "spooled files." To send thesespooled files to a printer, first you must work with your output queue; then, change the attributes of the desired spooled file, specifying thecorrect print device name.

There are several ways by which spooled files are generated. Here are some:

From the WRKMBRPDM display, option 6 in front of the desired member will generate a spooled file that is your program member.Pressing the Print Screen key (<Shift><Print Screen>on the PS/2 running PC-Support or <Ctrl>p on the ASCII connections) will

generate a spooled file of the current display. Note that if you do a print screen, you will have to press the <Reset>key to clear the

message at the bottom of the screen in order to continue your session.The system automatically generates spooled files in some cases like presenting job log, information on processed records for adatabase file and abnormal job end conditions.

Moving a Spooled File to a Writer

To get a physical copy of a spooled file on your output queue, two facts must be true. First, the spooled file must be placed on a started writer and second, the spooled file must have a status of released. To work with your spooled files on your output queue type WRKSPLF and press

<Enter>. This screen allows you to do many things with your spooled files.

Note: If this is the first time that you are using the WRKSPLF command, you should change the "assistance level" for this screen. To dothis press <F21>and change the assistance level from "basic" to intermediate". This will gives you more features on the screen. Try pressing the <F10>or <F11>keys to obtain different views of your spooled files.

Typing 2 in the option field of spooled file in the WRKSPLF screen will change the spooled file's attributes. The attributes that you will beinterested in are the "Print device" and "Save file".

By changing the attribute "Print device" from "*OUTQ" to a valid printer (use the WRKWTR command to find out which printers are available),you will move your spooled file from your output queue to a printer writer. The printer writer names at MSU are:

Printer Name Width/Paper Printer Type LocationPRT01 132 Col. 11" Line Printer Morris HallVAXPRTS2 132 Col. 11" Line Printer MSU ACCPS/2 printers 132/80 8.5" Dot Matrix MSU ACC Lab Rooms

If "Save file" is changed from "*NO" to "*YES" the spooled file will not be deleted after the file has been printed.

Typing 3 in the option field of spooled file in the WRKSPLF screen will keep the spooled file from printing if placed on a printer writer and

change the status to *HLD.

Typing 4 in the option field of spooled file in the WRKSPLF screen will delete the spooled file from your output queue. Spooled files shouldbe deleted as soon as they are not needed to reduce clutter in your output queue.

Typing 5 in the option field of spooled file in the WRKSPLF screen will allow you to view your spooled file.






Typing 6 in the option field of spooled file in the WRKSPLF screen will will release a file that is held to become available to print and willchange its status to *RDY.

If you printed to VAXPRTS2, your printouts can be picked up in the ACC printer area at any time. VAXPRTS2 is a printer that is connected toVAX1. The printer will never say it is started although it actually is. Normally you will not be authorized to print to writer PRT01. This printer isthe system printer.

Printing to a PS/2 Printer

To see which PS/2 printers are available for printing from the AS/400, type WRKWTR ("Work with Writers"). The name of the printer is: "PC0"

(i.e. "P" + "C" + zero) + the number of the PS/2 to which the printer is connected + "S2" (e.g. PC0614S2). Make sure that the printer youwant to print to has been started. For the printer to be started, the PS/2 workstation that is connected to the printer must be signed on to theAS/400. Also, make sure that the printer is ready for printing. Press <Alt><Esc>on the computer that is attached to the printer to display thestatus of the printer; make sure it says "Ready". If not, select the "stop" option and then select "start". Also make sure the printer's status is"ONLINE".

Step by Step Printing Example

Type WRKSPLF { or OQ } Press <Enter>.This will allow you to work with your spooled files.

Use the <Field EXIT>key or <Tab>to move to the desired spool file.This will move us to the correct spool file option field.

Type 5 in the option field.This will mark the spool file for displaying.

Press <Enter> .This will display the spool file.

Press <Enter>.This will bring you back to the work with spool file screen.

Press 2 <Enter>.This will permit you to change the spool file attributes.

Type in the name of the printer <Enter>.This will move the file to the printer writer.

Press the <F5>key.This will refresh the screen to show you the current status of your spooled files.

If the STS (status) is RDY or WTR the printer will print your spooled file. If the status is HLD then release it by typing a 6 in the option field of the spooled file and press <Enter>.

More Printing HelpFor more help on printing type STRSCHIDX <Enter>then type SPOOLED QUEUES <Enter>.

Common Problems

Note that the command keys used in this section are those of the PS/2 running PC Support.

Stopping Infinite Loops/Ending a Previous Request

If you have issued a command and it is taking too long finish it may be an infinite, endless, loop. To stop your infinite loop:

Press <Left Ctrl> (this will reset any keyboard errors)Press <Alt><Print Screen>(this sequence is call "System Request")

Type 2. (This is the option on System Request to end a previous request.)Press <Enter> . Note: You can also press <Alt><Print Screen>and press <Enter>to display a menu of system requests, and thenselect the appropriate command.

Ending Disconnected Jobs with Infinite Loops

If for some reason you have been disconnect from the system while executing an infinite loop request the job may continue to execute. Thiswill cause the system to run very slowly. To end the disconnected job:

On a command line, type the "Work with Active Jobs" command: WRKACTJOB and press <Enter> . The locally-defined alias for WRKACTJOB, AJ, can also be used.On the "Work with Active Jobs" display, type option 4 (End) against the job that is causing the loop and press <F4>to prompt on the

option. In the "How to end" field, type in *IMMED i.e. to end the job immediately.

Press <Enter>.

Out of Storage Quota Errors

Depending on the specific class that requires use of the AS/400 there is a maximum storage quota allocated to your user profile. You can

see this information by typing: DSPUSRPRF username. Because OS/400 retains every version of a *PGM object that results from a






compilation, your storage can be used up very quickly. When you have exceeded (or nearly exceeded) your storage quota and you try to start,for example, SEU, you may get an error message "Error found on SEU command". To deal with this problem, you must clear the *PGMobjects from library QRPLOBJ. To do this type WRKOBJPDM QRPLOBJ. You may get an authority problem do to the fact that you do not own all of

the object in that library. The command will clear your objects out regaurdless of the error.

DDS and Data Files on the AS/400

Creating a data file

The following discussion assumes that you already have a source physical file in your current library. We will continue to use SRCFILE in

library YOURLIB for explanation. The reader must substitute the appropriate names for source physical file and library, where applicable.

The first step is to to reach the 'Work with members using PDM' display. This can be done by typing WRKMBRPDM YOURLIB/SRCFILEon any

command line.

To create a data file member, you have to start the Source Entry Utility. Press <F6> from the 'Work with members using PDM' display or typeSTRSEU on any command line and press <F4>. The following screen shows up:



Source file . . . . . . . . . . *PRV______ Name, *PRVLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . __________ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB, *PRV

Source member . . . . . . . . . *PRV______ Name, *PRV, *SELECTSource type . . . . . . . . . . *SAME_____ Name, *SAME, BAS, BASP, C...Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . *BLANK____ *BLANK, ' ', 2, 5, 6Text 'description' . . . . . . . *BLANK_________________________________

The Source type for a data file must be specified as PF, this type denotes aPhysical File. For example, to create a data file calledTESTDATA in the source file SRCFILE in library YOURLIB, fill in the fields as shown:



Source file . . . . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ Name, *PRVLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB, *PRV

Source member . . . . . . . . . TESTDATA__ Name, *PRV, *SELECTSource type . . . . . . . . . . PF________ Name, *SAME, BAS, BASP, C...Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . *BLANK____ *BLANK, ' ', 2, 5, 6Text 'description' . . . . . . . Your_description_for_the_member_...______

The Edit display shows up. It is convenient to use the prompt facility for defining the DDS source. The prompter helps you to supply thesource information in the correct format. Press <F4> to invoke the prompter and <F12>to cancel it.

When the prompter is invoked, the screen looks as shown:

Find . . . _____________________________________________________ TESTDATA

FMT PF .....A..........T.Name++++++RLen++TDpB......Functions++++++++++++++++++*************** Beginning of data *************************************

0001.00****************** End of data ****************************************

Prompt type . . . PF Sequence number . . . 0001.00

Name Data DecimalType Name Ref Length Type Positions Use_ _____ _ ______ _ ___ _

Functions ___________________________

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F10=TopF11=Bottom F12=Cancel F24=More keys

An explanation of the different fields shown above follows: The fields marked with * are not commonly used, so for normal applications you

may conveniently ignore them.

Name_TypeChoose one of the following:

Blank






Leave the field blank to indicate a field name.R

Type R in column 17 to indicate a record format name.K

Type K in column 17 to indicate a key field name.

NameType a record format, field, or key field name in this position. The maximum length allowed is 10 characters, beginning in column 19.

Reference (*)Type R in this field to use the reference function to copy attributes of a previously defined named field to the field you are now defining.

LengthType a value to indicate the number of characters in a character field or the number of digits in a numeric field. For example, for Character type the range is 1-32766, for Packed decimal the range is 1-31 digits and so on.

Data_TypeChoose one of the following:

Afor character data.

Pfor packed decimal data.

Sfor zoned decimal data.

Bfor zoned binary data.

F for floating point data.H

for hexadecimal data.

Decimal_PositionsType a value from 0 through 31 to indicate the number of decimal positions to the right of the decimal point within a packed decimal, azoned decimal, a floating point, or a binary field.

Use (*)Type B or leave the field blank to indicate a field used for both input and output.

Functions (*)Type in keyword entries valid for defining physical files in positions 45 through 80 of this field.

The DDS source for TESTDATA is shown below. RECFMT1 is the record format name. There are two fields in the data file, FIELD1 and

FIELD2. FIELD1 is of character data type with length 10, and FIELD2 is a packed decimal of length 5 with 2 decimal positions. The last lineof the member declares FIELD1 to be the key field.

Find . . . __________________________________________________________ TST1

FMT PF .....A..........T.Name++++++RLen++TDpB......Functions++++++++++++++++++*************** Beginning of data *************************************

0000.010001.00 R RECFMT10002.00 FIELD1 10A0003.00 FIELD2 5P 20004.00 K FIELD10005.00

****************** End of data ****************************************


Press <F3>and hit <Enter>to save the member TESTDATA. For more details about exiting SEU refer to the section 'How to exit SEU'.

The member TESTDATA that was just created contains only the definition of the data file and hence our the next step is to actually create thefile. This can be done by compiling the member we have just created. From the 'Work with members using PDM' display, position the cursor at member TESTDATA, and choose option 14 (compile). If the compilation is successful, the file TESTDATA will be created in YOURLIB.Otherwise, look into your spooled file (WRKSPLF) and identify the problem.

Loading a data file

To load a data file, use the command UPDDTA (Update Data Area). Type UPDDTA on any command line and press <F4>. The following

screen shows up:

Update Data with Temp Program (UPDDTA)


Data base file . . . . . . . . . __________ Name






Library . . . . . . . . . . . *LIBL_____ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIBMember . . . . . . . . . . . . . *FIRST______ Name, *FIRST

Bottom


Supply the values for the data base file to be loaded and the library it is contained in, and press <Enter>. For example, to populate our fileTESTDATA we would fill in the values as shown:

Update Data with Temp Program (UPDDTA)


Data base file . . . . . . . . . TESTDATA__ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB__ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . *FIRST____ Name, *FIRST

Bottom

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display

Enter the values for different fields and press Enter>. To stop the process of loading the data file, press <F3>and press < Enter>.

Screen Design Using SDATo aid in the creation of user interfaces on the AS/400, the operating system includes a utility called SDA (Screen Design Aid). This systemallows a programmer to "paint" screens and menus used by a program from within a simple editor, defining input and output fields andspecial text attributes. These screens may then be called from an application program, allowing the program to have all the features of theAS/400 user interface without direct programming of the appearance of the interface.

This section will only cover those aspects of screen design not related to interfacing with applications. For information on this area, seethe manual for the language of the application source.

Starting SDA

The first steps in creating a set of screens for a program are the same as those for creating a program source member. A source physicalfile must be created (or one already in existence may be used) and a member must be created in the PF-SRC to hold the screens.

To create the screen design member, issue the command STRSDA (for STaRt SDA) from a command line. A menu of options will appear which allow you to create a screen, create a menu, or test a design. Choosing the first option brings the following screen:

Design Screens


Design option . . . . . . _ 1=Select file keywords2=Select record keywords3=Select subfile keywords4=Select subfile control keywords5=Define screen image (fields)6=Save DDS source, create object

Record . . . . . . . . . __________ Name, F4 for Record list

Additional records . . . __________ Name(to be displayed on Work Screen)

Source file . . . . . . . QDDSSRC___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . *LIBL_____ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Member . . . . . . . . . __________ Name, F4 for Member listSource type . . . . . . . __________ DSPF,

Blank for default

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F12=Cancel

Since no screen design exists yet, it is necessary to first create one using the "5" option on the "Design option line". Also, a source file mustbe provided, and a member specified. If the member does not yet exist, it will be created. Finally, a record name must be given. Since eachmember can have several records, a single screen design member could contain any number of screens, with each one given a distinctrecord name. Once the information is entered, the screen should look like this:

Design Screens


Design option . . . . . . 5 1=Select file keywords2=Select record keywords






3=Select subfile keywords4=Select subfile control keywords5=Define screen image (fields)6=Save DDS source, create object

Record . . . . . . . . . SCREEN1___ Name, F4 for Record listAdditional records . . . __________ Name(to be displayedon Work Screen)

Source file . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Member . . . . . . . . . SCRNMBR___ Name, F4 for Member listSource type . . . . . . . __________ DSPF,

Blank for defaultF3=Exit F4=Prompt F12=Cancel

The "SOURCE TYPE" field may be left blank. It will default to the proper type for SDA.

These options will start SDA on a screen named SCREEN1 in the member SCRNMBR of file SRCFILE in library YOURLIB. Pressing<Enter> will bring up the main SDA display. This is simply a blank "pasteboard" on which you may place text and fields.

Using The Work Screen

Use the Work Screen to design the display you are creating. On the Work Screen you can add fields and constants, place fields you haveselected from a database, move, copy, shift, and remove fields, and add or remove attributes and colors. You can also perform additionaloperations, such as requesting extended field definition.

You can use the following function keys on the Work Screen:

F1=HelpPress <F1> to show the same information as the help key. <F1> is active on all displays but does not appear in the function key area.

F3=ExitPress <F3> to have the Design Screens display appear.

F4=PromptPress <F4> to have the Work with Fields display appear.

F6=ConditionPress <F6> to have the Condition Work Screen display appear.

F10=DatabasePress <F10> to have the Select Data Base Files display appear.

F11=Switch

Press <F11>to display a list of selected database fields on the bottom row of the Work Screen. Press <F11>to switch back and forthbetween the list of selected data base fields and the list of not selected database fields.

F12=CancelPress <F12>to save your work and continue to the Design Screens display.

F14=Ruler Press <F14>to place a vertical and horizontal ruler on the Work Screen where you position the cursor. The ruler does not interfere withyour data. Press <F14>to remove the ruler. Defining fields on the ruler may cause unpredictable results.

F15=Subfile PromptPress <F15>to Display a prompt on the bottom row of the Work Screen that allows you to change the subfile line (SFLLIN) and subfilepage (SFLPAG) sizes that were in effect for the current record being defined.

F17=PrintPress <F17> to Print the current contents of the Work Screen.

Adding Fields

To add a user-defined field, type + followed by I (input), O (output), or B (both) for alphabetic fields, or followed by 3 (input), 6 (output), or 9(both) for numeric fields and press Enter. To add a floating point field, add a numeric field followed by E (single-precision) or D (double-precision) and press Enter. You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. You indicate the length of a field by the number of charactersfollowing +, or by the length specified in brackets after the first character.

The following examples illustrate user-defined fields:

+BBB or +b(3)Three-character, alphabetic, both (input and output) field.

+66.66 or +6(4,2)Four-character, numeric, input field with two decimal positions (set by an edit word).

+3.33E or +3(3,2)e

Single-precision, input, floating-point field with three significant digits and two decimal positions.+99.999d or +9(5,3)D

Double-precision, both (input and output), floating-point field with five significant digits and three decimal positions.

Adding Constants






To add a new constant or change an existing constant:

Type a constant. A blank character ends the constant.Type constants with single quotation marks to define separate constants for each character string (word) that is followed by a blank.Surround a character string with single quotation marks to define a single constant.Surround several constants with single quotation marks to redefine them as one constant.Use a double quotation mark to end one constant and start a new constant while taking up only one position.To add a MSGCON (MeSsaGe CONstant) field, type + followed by M. To work with a MSGCON field, type ? in front of the field. Whenyou press Enter, the Define Message Constant display appears. Press < F12>to return to the Work Screen.To add system date or time fields, type *DATE or *TIME.Use the at sign (@) in pairs to delimit a DBCS (Double Byte Character Set) constant. SDA will replace each pair with a shift in and a

shift out pair when you press <Enter>. You can then type DBCS data between the delimiters. You cannot use a DBCS insert key onthe Work Screen.

The following examples illustrate constant fields:

'xxx"YYY'Defines two constant fields.

'xxx YYY zzz'Combines three constant fields into one field.

+MMM or +(M3)The Define Message Constant display appears.

Adding Fields from a Data Base File

The fields you select from a database file, appear on the bottom row of the Work Screen. You move fields from the bottom line to your displayby typing & followed by the field number, if you are in multiple mode, and the column heading position and pressing Enter. The fields begin inthe position where you type &. The following examples illustrate moving fields to your display:

SymbolSingle Field Multiple Field FieldMode Mode Meaning

& &n Places field. Does not add column heading.

&L &nL Places field. Adds a column heading to theleft of the field.

&R &nR Places field. Adds a column heading to theright of the field.

&C &nC Places field. Adds a column above the field.Left-aligns column heading for an alphabeticfield and right-aligns column heading for anumeric fields.

&P &nP Places the column heading only.

Adding or Removing Attributes and Colors

To add or remove display attributes or colors on the Work Screen, type one of following commands (in uppercase or lowercase) in theposition preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field):

Command CommandAdd Remove Attribute Add Remove Color

H -H High intensity CB -CB Blue

R -R Reverse image CG -CG Green

S -S Column CP -CP Pinkseparators

B -B Blink CR -CR Red

N -N Nondisplay CT -CT Turquoise

U -U Underscore CW -CW White

-A Remove all -CA Remove allattributes colors

You can carry out the above operations by typing * in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field), pressing < Enter>, andworking with the field keyword displays that appear.

Moving, Copying, and Shifting Fields






Reposition fields on the Work Screen by typing one of the following and pressing <Enter>:

-, =Type - in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field) and type = where you want the field to appear.

-, ==Type - in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field) and type == where you want a copy of the field to appear.

-, -, ==Type - in any position preceding the field, type - in any position after the last field, and type == where you want a copy of the group of fields to appear.

<<<, >>>Type <<< in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field), or type >>> after the field (over the first attribute byte), to shiftthe field left or right as far as the signs extend.

Removing Fields

Remove fields from the Work Screen by typing one of the following and pressing <Enter>DO NOT use the <Delete>key to delete items onthe work screen:

BlanksType a blank in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field), and over the entire field.

DType D in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field).

Additional Features

Extended field definition

Type * in the position preceding the field (the attribute byte of the field) to add field-level attributes and keywords.

Display field length and description

Type ? in the position preceding the field to display field length and text or column heading description on the last row of the Work Screen.You can rename the field by changing the name on the last row.

Display MSGCON field definition

Type ? in the position preceding the field to show the Define Message Constant display. You can change the message number, file, and

library.

Date and time keywords

Type *DATE or *TIME to define special constants on the display where the system date and time will be automatically substituted.

Subfile Field Definition

You can define fields for a subfile similar to nonsubfile fields with the following considerations:

You can modify fields on the first record of the subfile. Anything you type is assumed to be a definition of the first record.To modify the values of the SFLPAG (number of records on the display) and SFLLIN (number of spaces between fields), press <

F15>to display the subfile prompt line. <F15>is allowed only for subfile records.

Any field that you define for the subfile will appear the number of times specified by the SFLPAG keyword.

Compiling And Testing Screens

Once the screen design is complete and <F3>is pressed, PDM returns to the "Design Screens" menu shown above. Choosing the "6"option on the Design Option line saves the source file for the screen and compiles it into a screen file which may be used by a program. IFTHIS OPTION IS NOT CHOSEN AFTER THE SCREEN DESIGN IS COMPLETE, THE MODIFICATIONS WILL NOT BE SAVED. Note that itisn't necessary to save a file after every RECORD created; Several screens from a single member can be created before compilation.However, the file must be compiled before exiting SDA. Using the "6" option for a screen produces the following display:

Save DDS - Create Display File

Type choices, press Enter.Save generated DDS source . . . . . . . Y Y=Yes

Source file . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRCFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL ...

Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCRNMBR___ F4 for listReplace existing member . . . . . . . Y Y=Yes

Create display file . . . . . . . . . . Y Y=Yes(CRTDSPF) F4 for promptDisplay file . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCRNFIL___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL ...






If create fails, display listing . . . Y Y=YesReplace existing file . . . . . . . . Y=YesCreate file if DDS message severity(GENLVL) is less than . . . . . . . 20 0, 10, 20, 30

Submit create job in batch . . . . . . . Y Y=YesJob description . . . . . . . . . . . QBATCH____ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QGPL______ Name, *LIBL ...

F3=Exit F12=Cancel

These options will compile all the screen records in member SCRNMBR of file SRCFILE in library YOURLIB to a *FILE object called

SCRNFIL in YOURLIB. That file may then be used by user programs.

It may be advantageous to test screen designs before using them with programs. This can be accomplished using the "Test Display Files"option from the initial SDA menu. The screen test program will request the name of a screen and display file (created using the compilationprocedure above,) followed by a prompt screen for values for the output fields. SDA displays the screen with the values supplied.

Debugging Programs on the AS/400

In addition to the utilities provided for creating, editing, and compiling programs, the AS/400 provides a facility to aid in the debugging of programs as they are running. Called the EPM (Extended Program Model) debugger, this tool allows the user to view and change the valuesof variables and step through the program by using breakpoints which interrupt program execution and return control to the debugger.

Starting the debugger

Before using the debugger, the source program must be compiled with the *DEBUG and *SOURCE options. These will, respectively, includedebugging information in the executable program (so the debugger has access to variable and routine names) and produce a source outputlisting from the compiler. This source output should be printed before starting the debugger, as the compiler adds its own line numbers to thesource which will be necessary in referencing specific lines while using the debugger. The source output is also useful as a hardcopyreference while the program is executing, since the debugger does not list source lines as the program executes.

To specify these options at compilation time, first prompt on the compile option on the Work with Members Using PDM display (or on theCRT___PGM command for the language of the source file) by pressing < F4>(PROMPT) with the "14" (COMPILE) option on the options lineof the file you wish to compile. This will show the initial options screen for the compiler. To enter the compiler options, it is necessary toprompt for more options by pressing <F10>, which reveals the following screen:

Create Pascal Program (CRTPASPGM)


Program . . . . . . . . . . . . > TEST______ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > YOURLIB___ Name, *CURLIB

Source file . . . . . . . . . . > SRCFILE___ NameLibrary . . . . . . . . . . . > YOURLIB___ Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB

Source member . . . . . . . . . > TEST______ Name, *PGMText 'description' . . . . . . . *SRCMBRTXT_____________________________

Additional Parameters

Compiler options . . . . . . . . *DEBUG____ *LIST, *NOLIST, *CHECK...+ for more values *SOURCE___

Language level . . . . . . . . . *EXTENDED__ *EXTENDED, *ANSI83, *SYSTEMString temporary threshold . . . 2046____ 256-32767


The above example is from a Pascal source member. However, other languages will have similar prompt displays.

Placing the *DEBUG and *SOURCE options on the "Compiler options" lines will cause the compiler to produce a source listing and place itin the output queue and will include debugging information in the output program. Pressing <Enter>once all options are entered will submitthe compilation. After the member has been compiled (assuming there are no errors in compilation,) the source listing should be printed andused with the next steps.

Using the debugger

The process of Debugging essentially consists of four phases:

1. Start the Debugger 2. Add breakpoints3. Call the program to be debugged and4. End the Debugger

These phases are discussed in detail below:






Phase 1 (Start the Debugger)

The command to start the debugger is:

===> strdbg YOURLIB/TEST

where TEST is the program in library YOURLIB, that you intend to debug.

Phase 2 (Add Breakpoints)

A Breakpoint is a place in a program where the system stops the processing of that program and gives control to the display station user or to a specified program. The command ADDBKP is used to set breakpoints. The simplest form of ADDBKP takes the following form:

===> addbkp stmt(n1 n2 ... n10) where n1, n2 ... n10 are the statement numbers where the breakpoint is to occur. You may specify 1 to

10 statement numbers where the breakpoint should occur. For example, ' addbkp stmt(10 20 30) ' will set the breakpoints at statements 10,

20 and 30. The program breaks before processing a statement specified as a breakpoint.

Phase 3 (Calling the Program)

Once the breakpoints are set, the next step is to run the program using the CALL command.

===> call YOURLIB/TEST

You will notice that the program stops execution when the breakpoint is reached. From the 'Display Break Point' screen, you can check thevalues of the program variables as explained below:

Press <F10>(command entry) on the 'Display Breakpoint' screen.This will take you to the command entry screen. Display the program variables with DSPPGMVAR command:

===> dsppgmvar VARNAME

where VARNAME is the variable name you intend to display.

Using the above command, you can check for as many variables as you want to from the command entry screen. To exit the commandentry press <F3>. Control is transferred back to the breakpoint.Press <Enter>to resume execution of the program. The program will stop at the next breakpoint if any, or will terminate.

Ending the Debugger

Once you are done with debugging, it is very important that you end the Debugger, before you issue any other command. The command todo it is:

===> enddbg

APPENDIX A - Terminal Setup

PC-VT 9.0 Terminal Setup Instruction

The following should assist you in setting up PC-VT V9.0 for use with the IBM AS/400 via a port selector connection.

Confirm that your copy of PC-VT is V9.0. This may be confirmed by starting PC-VT and noting the version number on the initial screen or byentering the setup A screen. Versions prior to V9.0 will not support the cursor keys during an AS/400 session.

1. Start PC-VT and immediately go into the setup by pressing CTRL-F1.2. Select option 5, 'Go to SETUP B'.3. You should now change the feature switches, the blocks of 4 characters at the bottom of the screen, so that they match those given

below. This may be done by placing the cursor above each feature switch you wish to change and pressing the 6 key to toggle theswitch to the correct value.

Feature switch settings:1 2101 2 0X11 3 0000 4 1110 5 0001 6 0110 7 1X10 8 000X 9 XXXX 0 XXXX

4. You should next set the modem speed to 9600. This may be done with menu option 7, Select Modem Speed.5. Next set the data bits to 8 and the stop bits to 2. This may be done with menu option P, Select Data/Parity Bits.6. Finally, save the changes you have made to the SETUP so that you will not have to repeat this setup the next time you use PC-VT. This

may be done by pressing the S key.7. You may use the <ESC>key to exit the setup mode and return to the emulator mode from which you may access the port selector.

APPENDIX B - VT-100 to PS/2 (PC Support) Keyboard Mapping

PS/2 Key Nam Micro-Term Key Sequence Typical use<F1> <ESC>1 Help






<F2> <ESC>2 Switch View<F3> <ESC>3 Exit<F4> <ESC>4 Prompt<F5> <ESC>5 Refresh Screen<F6> <ESC>6<F7> <ESC>7 Roll Down<F8> <ESC>8 Roll Up<F9> <ESC>9 Get Previous Cmd<F10> <ESC>0 Move to top<F11> <ESC>- List Toggle<F12> <ESC>+ Cancel<F13> <ESC>! or <ESC><SHIFT>1 User support<F14> <ESC>@ or <ESC><SHIFT>2<F15> <ESC># or <ESC><SHIFT>3<F16> <ESC>$ or <ESC><SHIFT>4 Main menu<F17> <ESC>% or <ESC><SHIFT>5<F18> <ESC>+ or <ESC><SHIFT>6<F19> <ESC>& or <ESC><SHIFT>7 Scroll left<F20> <ESC>* or <ESC><SHIFT>8 Scroll right<F21> <ESC>( or <ESC><SHIFT>9<F22> <ESC>) or <ESC><SHIFT>0<F23> <ESC>_ or <ESC><SHIFT>- Scrl Option<F24> <ESC>= or <ESC><SHIFT>= Scrl Menu<DEL> <DEL> Delete character<Shift><Insert> <CTRL>d Duplicate<Enter> <RETURN> Send screen<Backspace> <ESC>i<Right Ctrl> <LINEFEED> or <CTRL>j Field exit<Home> <ESC>H<Insert> <ESC><DEL> Insert mode<Page up> <ESC>u<Page down> <ESC>d<Shift><Pt Scn> <CTRL>p Print Screen<Tab> <TAB> Next field<Shift><Tab> <ESC><TAB> Previous field<ESC> <ESC>a or <CTRL>a Attention<Alt><F7> <ESC>(grave accent) Ins. Special Char

<ESC><CTRL>w Indicator Toggle<ESC><CTRL>a Refresh screen

<Left Ctrl> <ESC>r or <CTRL>r Reset term. err.<Alt><Pt Scn> <ESC>s System Request

APPENDIX C - Using On-line Education (EDU)

Introduction

Online education is a facility provided by IBM to assist the user in learning about the AS/400. This facility is set up for the user to work throughany topic he/she is interested in. This facility is self-paced so the user can work the modules when it is convenient, using the bookmark utilityto keep track of where the user has left off, so the next time he/she is using education, the system will automatically return the user to theplace where they left off. There is a quiz at the end of most modules, which gives feedback on how much information the user retained fromthat module.

Getting Started

1. From any command line type ==>STREDU <Enter>STREDU is an abbreviation for Start Education.

2. Select 5, Select course <Enter>3. There are several courses in online education but the most useful ones in terms of using the AS/400 are:

Tutorial Support SystemFacilities and Implementation

Application Design and Development Tools

Type 1 to select the desired course <Enter>. To display a description about a course select 8 in front of that particular course.4. Select 4 to select an audience path for the course <Enter>. You can select all modules or one of the listed categories. The COMS 175--

-Command Language audience path is customized for the CS175 class. Type 1 to select one of them <Enter>.5. Next, you can either select 1 to start the first module in the selected audience path of the course or 3 to select any module <

Enter>within the selected course.6. Follow the directions and read each screen carefully.7. To exit in the middle of a module press <F3> where this option is available. This will give you a choice of exiting the module, exiting and

setting a bookmark, exiting and marking it complete or go to a topic/subtropic menu for the module.

At the end of most modules, there is a quiz.

This can consist of questions from the module or examples that you walk through, or a combination of both. For the CS175 class, when youare finished with the quiz, obtain a screen print of the screen that tells you how many you answered correctly on the first try. If you forget to geta screen print, you need to go through the quiz again to get to that screen.

To Obtain a Screen Print Press the <SHIFT>and PRINT SCREEN key (towards the upper right hand corner of your keyboard) at the sametime. When the screen has been captured you will see a message at the bottom of your screen, which tells you that it has been sent to thedefault printer device.






Press the <Reset>(at the bottom left hand corner of the keyboard), to clear this message and continue your session.

Exit online education by pressing a series of <F3>keys until you have reached a command line.

To check your screen print type WRKSPLF (work with your spool files). Your most recent screen print will be located at the bottom of the list and

it will be titled QSYSPRT.

To assign it to a printer, type a 2, change, and press <Enter>. This will change the status from not assigned to a printer, to assigned to aprinter.

At the Printer to use prompt, type the name of the printer you would like to send your printout to and press <Enter>. To see a list of all startedprinters, press <F4>on this line. This will give you a list of all started printers and from here you can select one by typing a 1 on the line beforethe desired printer. Press <Enter> to select this printer. You will return to the screen where you pressed <F4>. Press <Enter>again to acceptthis printer.

For more information on printing, see the section "Printing Procedure" in this manual.

APPENDIX D - How to program on an AS/400

The following outline details the basic steps of program development on the AS/400. Since there may be multiple ways to complete a task,some more appropriate than others depending on the situation, various ways of doing essentially the same thing are shown under eachoutline heading.

1. Log in.

2. Setup area for source1. Create a library (optional) - CRTLIB2. Create a source physical file (optional) - CRTSRCPF

3. Type source into physical file member.1. Start source entry utility - STRSEU2. Work in program development manager

STRPDMWRKLIBPDMWRKOBJPDMWRKMBRPDM

3. In PDM: <F6> - create a member.4. Compile the source member to attain object and compiled. spool file.

Option 14 from the PDM lines.

CRT___PGM - where ___ can be CBL, PAS, C, PAS, BAS, etc....5. Wait for compilation to complete.6. Display message to see if completed successfully - DSPMSG7. Check spool file to see if any Fatal errors or warnings.

1. WRKSPLF2. Choose option 5 - DISPLAY.3. Page to bottom of file.4. Note if there are any warnings or errors or fatal errors.5. If there are errors or fatal errors go to to step III and correct.6. If there are any warnings determine if they are important and if deemed so go to step III and correct.

8. Check for dependencies.Does program need data files - if so create or attain them.Does program need other programs - if so create or attain.

9. Execute the program.

CALL library/programnameOption 16 from a WRKOBJPDM screen.

10. If program gives a run-time error.1. Move cursor to error description - hit <F1> (help)2. Look for error and statement number.3. Cross reference statement number with source line number with spool file - WRKSPLF4. Correct error.5. Go to step III.

11. Log off.

Reader's Comments

Use this form to tell us what you think about this manual. If you have found errors in it, or i f you want to express your opinion about it (such as

organization, subject matter, appearance) or make suggestions for improvement, this is the form to use.

Be sure to print your name and address below if you would like a reply. After you have completed this form send it in the campus mail to:

AS/400 StaffComputer ServicesBox 45






Today's Date:Your Name:Your Phone No.:Your Address:

Your Comments:

Version 2.06

Copyright Minnesota State University, Mankato © 1992,1995

Last modified: Thu Sep 18 00:28:14 CDT 2003 Jeffrey Hundstad

http://krypton.mnsu.edu/~j3gum/

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